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Nesting Loops, Factorial

1. The document discusses nested loops in C programming. Nested loops are loops within other loops, with the inner loop used to count columns and the outer loop used to count rows. 2. It provides an example of a nested loop program that prints a matrix of asterisks as output. 3. The document also discusses two ways to write a factorial function in C - recursively, by defining the function in terms of itself, and iteratively using a while loop. Code examples are given for both approaches.

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Willa Marie
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608 views5 pages

Nesting Loops, Factorial

1. The document discusses nested loops in C programming. Nested loops are loops within other loops, with the inner loop used to count columns and the outer loop used to count rows. 2. It provides an example of a nested loop program that prints a matrix of asterisks as output. 3. The document also discusses two ways to write a factorial function in C - recursively, by defining the function in terms of itself, and iteratively using a while loop. Code examples are given for both approaches.

Uploaded by

Willa Marie
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

2.
3.

include <stdio.h> int main() { int k, j, i,l, m, n; for(i=0; i<1; i++) for(k=1; k<9; k++) printf("%d", k);

4. 5. 6.
7.

8. 9.
10.

11. printf("\n\n");
12.

13. for(j=2;
14.

j<10; j++) printf("%d", j);

15. printf("\n\n");
16.

17. for(l=3;
18.

l<11; l++) printf("%d", l);

19. printf("\n\n");
20.

21. for(m=4;
22.

m<12; m++) printf("%d", m);

23. printf("\n\n");
24.

25. for(n=5;
26. 27.

n<13; n++) printf("%d", n);

28. return
29.

0;

30. }

NESTED LOOP
These loops are the loops which contain another looping statement in a single loop. These types of loops are used to create matrix. Any loop can contain a number of loop statements in itself. If we are using loop within loop that is called nested loop. In this the outer loop is used for counting rows and the internal loop is used for counting columns SYNTAX:for (initializing ; test condition ; increment / decrement) { statement; for (initializing ; test condition ; increment / decrement) { body of inner loop;

} statement; } PROGRAM
#include void main ( ) { int i, j; clrscr ( ); for (j=1; j<=4; j++) { for (i=1; i<=5; i++) { printf (*) } printf (\n); } getch ( ); }

OUTPUT OF THIS PROGRAM IS * * * **** * * * * * * * * *

the factorial() function, in C


Here are two versions of the factorial() function, written in C to illustrate the language and its use of functions. In each case the function is called from function main(), which is identical between versions.

recursive factorial The classic factorial function, recursively defined in terms of itself. iterative factorial The classic factorial function, implemented as a while() loop.

recursive factorial /* | factorial in C - recursive version */ #include <stdio.h>


int factorial( int n ) { if ( n <= 1 ) return 1; else return n * factorial( n-1 ); }

/*-------- main( ) starts here ------------------*/


int main(void) { int N; int f;

printf( "Enter n: " ); scanf( " %i", &N ); f = factorial( N ); printf( "factorial of %i is %i\n", N, f);
return 0; }

iterative factorial /* | factorial in C - iterative version */ #include <stdio.h>


int factorial( int n ) { int fact = 1; while ( n > 1) { fact = fact * n; n = n - 1;

} return fact; }

/*-------- main( ) starts here ------------------*/


int main(void) { int N; int f;

printf( "Enter n: " ); scanf( " %i", &N ); f = factorial( N ); printf( "factorial of %i is %i\n", N, f);
return 0; }

Factorial Function #include <stdio.h> #include <conio.h> long int factorial(int n); void main() { int n,i; float s,r; char c; clrscr(); repeat : printf(" You have this series:- 1/1! + 2/2! + 3/3! + 4/4! .."); printf(" To which term you want its sum? "); scanf("%d",&n); s=0; for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { s=s+((float)i/(float)factorial(i)); } printf(" The sum of %d terms is %f",n,s); fflush(stdin); printf (" Do you want to continue?(y/n):- "); scanf("%c",&c); if (c=='y') goto repeat; getch(); }

long int factorial(int n) { if (n<=1) return(1); else n=n*factorial(n-1); }

Factorial
[edit]

Exercise 3.2
Write a program to calculate the factorial of a given integer. The integer should be inputted from the keyboard. Investigate what the largest number for which factorial can be correctly calculated is. Modify your program so that it rejects an inputted number that is too large and demands a new value. [edit]

Solution
#include <stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> int main(void) { // program to calculate factorial of integer inputted from keyboard long int i,j,result; i=-1; // first get a positive integer while (i<0) { printf("Input a positive integer:"); // note no \n scanf("%d",&i); // the & is needed } // now calculate the factorial result = 1; for (j=i;j>=1;j--) result = result*j; printf("%d! = %d\n",i,result); system ("pause"); return 0; }

For the second part of the problem, the while condition will have to be modified to stop integers greater than 13, i.e.

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