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General Chemistry 1
Quarter 2 – Module 7:
Simple Organic Reactions
General Chemistry 1
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 7: Simple Organic Reactions
First Edition, 2020

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General Chemistry 1
Quarter 2 – Module 7:
Simple Organic Reactions
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Chemistry 1 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Simple

Organic Reactions!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
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needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
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Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the (General Chemistry 1) Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Simple Organic

Reactions!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
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This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

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competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

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into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

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module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
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included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
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If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Simple Organic Reactions. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes
the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is composed of one lesson:

● Lesson 1 – Simple Organic Reactions

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe some simple reactions of organic compounds:
a. Combustion of Organic fuels
b. Addition Reactions
c. Condensation Reactions
d. Saponification of Fats

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. What product, in addition to water, is produced by this reaction?

CH3OH + C6H5COOH → H2O + __________
a. C6H5(CO)OCH3
b. (CO)OC6H5
c. both A and B
d. neither A and B

2. A + B → AB is an example of what reaction?

a. Addition
b. Elimination
c. Saponification
d. Substitution

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3. AB → A + B is an example of what reaction?
a. Addition
b. Decomposition
c. Saponification
d. Substitution

4. AB + C → AC + B is an example of what reaction?

a. Elimination
b. Addition
c. Saponification
d. Substitution

5. A special type of condensation reaction where an organic acid reacts

with an alcohol to form an ester and water.
a. Beta-addition
b. Esterification
c. Saponification
d. Kolbe synthesis

6. Which can be used as a catalyst in an esterification reaction?

a. NaOH
b. H2SO4
c. HCl
d. KF

7. Which molecule reacts most rapidly with water?

a. CH3CH2CH2Cl
b. CH3CHClCH3
c. (CH3)2CHCH2Cl
d. (CH3)3CCl

8. Which substance will react most rapidly with Br2(aq)?

a. benzene
b. chloropropane
c. propanone
d. propene

9. Fats and oils are formed from the combination of fatty acids with
what another compound?
a. cholesterol
b. glucose
c. glycerol
d. phenol

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10. What is the major organic product formed from the reaction of
CH3CH=CH2 and HCl?
a. CH3CHClCH3
b. CH3CH2CH2Cl
c. CH3CHClCH2Cl
d. CH2ClCH=CH2

11. What is the most characteristic reaction of benzene?

a. Elimination
b. Addition
c. Saponification
d. Substitution

12. Which type of reaction is typical of aromatic compounds?

a. addition
b. free-radical substitution
c. substitution by positively-charged reagents
d. substitution by negatively-charged reagents

For items 13-15: refer on this reaction,

CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O (unbalanced)

13. How many mole/s of carbon dioxide is/are produced when 1.5 moles
of CH4 is consumed in the reaction?
a. 1.0
b. 1.5
c. 2.0
d. 2.5

14. If 6 moles of water are produced, how many moles of oxygen are used?
a. 3.0
b. 4.0
c. 5.0
d. 6.0

15. What kind of reaction is given above?

a. Addition
b. Combustion
c. Elimination
d. Substitution

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 Lesson

4 Simple Organic Reactions

What’s In

In the previous modules, we discussed the properties of organic compounds -

compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen backbone. Organic compounds
differ by the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms, functional groups
attached and their structural isomers. Like all other compounds, organic
compounds also contain reactivities that fall under their chemical properties.
In this module, we will describe the types of simple organic reactions, their
examples and their products.

To review your previous lesson about balancing chemical equations, complete

the missing coefficients in the following unbalanced chemical equations:

____C2H6 + _____ O2 → ______CO2 + ______H2O

____ LiOH + _____ H3PO4 → ______ H2O + ______ Li3PO4

Notes to the Teacher

Stoichiometry is essential in this topic. Review the
students about balancing equations for calculations.

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 What’s New

Activity 1
Construct a word that best describes the following set of words. The
following set of words you will encounter in this lesson.

1. OddDieShown (8 letters)

_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

2. SobStickTwoSown (12 letters)

_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

3. Can’tThenSayShown (12 letters)

_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

4. ShopPhoneKneeFakeOccasion (14 letters)

_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

5. CumbBasteShown (10 letters)

_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

6. EelLayMintAteShown (11 letters)

_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

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 What is It

Organic Reactions

These are reactions involving organic compounds. There are lots of reactions
that cover the entire organic compounds, however, we will just focus on
simple reactions that are useful in industries, environment and also in
biological systems.

These reactions are:

a. Combustion of Organic Fuels

b. Addition Reactions
c. Condensation Reactions
d. Saponification of Fats

Let’s describe them one by one:

Combustion of Organic Fuels - a fast, exothermic reaction of organic fuel

with an oxidizing agent, such as oxygen gas available in air. Complete
combustion happens when all of the reacting fuel is converted to water and
carbon dioxide as by- products. Incomplete combustion, on the other hand,
happens when the by-products are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water,
hydrogen gas and soot which makes the smoke black-colored. Most organic
compounds are combustible, flammable substances. Organic fuels are mostly
hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. This is the general
formula on how to balance the combustion of hydrocarbons:

CxHy (g/l) + x+(y/4) O2 (g) ----> x CO2 (g) + y/2 H2O (l)

where x and y are the subscripts of C and H respectively. The products will
always be carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).

Sample problem:
Write the balanced chemical equation of combustion of decane.

1st, write the chemical equation:

C10H22 (l) + O2 (g) -----> CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

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2nd, use the formula to balance the equation:
CxHy (g/l) + x+(y/4) O2 (g) ----> x CO2 (g) + y/2 H2O (l)
C10H22 (l) + 10+(22/4) O2 (g) ----> 10 CO2 (g) + 22/2 H2O (l)

3rd, simplify (don’t forget the express all the coefficients in whole numbers):
C10H22 (l) + 15.5O2 (g) ----> 10 CO2 (g) + 11 H2O (l)

Multiply all coefficients by 2:

2 C10H22 (l) + 31 O2 (g) ----> 20 CO2 (g) + 22 H2O (l)

Addition Reactions (A+B → AB) - general type of organic reactions which

occur when two or more reactants react to form a single product without any
by-product. Below is an example of addition reaction of ethene or ethylene
with bromine gas to form a single product of 1,2-dibromoethane.

Source: https://byjus.com/chemistry/addition-reaction/

In the example above, the double bond of ethene was attached by an

electrophile (electron loving) Br2 forming a carbocation (positively-charged
organic species) intermediate and a Br- ion. Then, The Br- ion will attach itself
to the positive end of carbocation forming 1,2-dibromoethane.

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Condensation Reactions - reactions in which 2 or more molecules react to
form a larger molecule, leaving a small molecule (such as water or methanol)
as a by-product. The esterification reaction is an example condensation
reaction in which an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid yielding ester
molecule and water as the by-product. Sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst in the
reaction. Take a look at the reaction below:

Source: https://anhourofchemaday.wordpress.com/2013/05/16/is-
esterification-a-redox-reaction/

In the reaction above, methanol reacts with ethanoic acid to form methyl
ethanoate. The H+ from the alcohol reacts with the OH- from the ethanoic acid
to form water as a by-product.

Saponification of Fats - conversion of fats into soap` by the action of heat

with the presence of alkali solutions such as NaOH, KOH and LiOH. Soaps
are salts of fatty acids. Below shows the saponification of fats:

Source: http://knowledgeuniverseonline.com/ntse/Chemistry/glycerides-
saponification.php

In the reaction above, stearic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to form
glycerol and sodium stearate.

There are also several kinds of organic reactions:

Substitution, Elimination, Rearrangement etc. but will not be discussed in
this module.

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 What’s More

Activity 2 Product prediction

I. Identify the organic reaction asked given the following equations:
1.

Image source: "Esterification" www.britannica.com. June 29, 2020.

https://www.britannica.com/science/alcohol/Esterification

2.

Image source: "Iodination" chemistryscore.com. June 29,

2020.https://chemistryscore.com / iodination-i2/

3.

Image source: "Lipids: Fats and Oils" cronodon.com, June 29, 2020.
https://cronodon.com/BioTech/Lipids. html

II. Below are the set of organic reactants. Predict their products:
1. methanol + methanoic acid → A + B
(alcohol) + (carboxylic acid)
(Condensation reaction)

Product A: ____________________________________________________
Product B: ____________________________________________________

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2. Two (2) moles of methane (CH4) burned in air (excess oxygen gas).
Assume that the combustion is complete: (Predict and determine the
number of moles of the products. Hint: Balance the equation first)

2CH4 + O2 → A + B

Product A: ___________________ Amount of A: _______________ moles

Product B: ___________________ Amount of B: _______________ moles

3. Saponification of Lauric acid with NaOH leaving sodium laurate as

one of the products:

Lauric acid + NaOH → A + sodium laurate

Product A: ___________________________________________________

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 What I Have Learned

Summarize what you have learned from the very beginning by answering the
following questions.

1. Describe the following reactions by means of their reactants, products

and their specific characteristics:

REACTION REACTANT/S PRODUCTS SPECIFIC

CHARACTERISTICS

Combustion

Addition

Condensation

Saponification

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 What I Can Do

Pollution is a destructive agent on Earth. This is mainly caused by human

activities. As an environmental activist, use at least one of the following words
and make an acronym on a possible solution to this solution problem. Write
your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

Words: COMBUSTION, ADDITION, CONDENSATION, SAPONIFICATION

Criteria:
Completeness – 20 points
Artistry – 10 points
Impact – 10 points
Total : 40 points

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A fast, exothermic reaction that produces water and carbon dioxide is
______.
a. addition
b. combustion
c. saponification
d. substitution

2. A process yields water as one of its by-products. What kind of reaction

is this?
a. addition
b. condensation
c. elimination
d. saponification

3. When reactants A and B react, C is formed with no other by-product.

What kind of organic reaction is this?
a. Addition c. Condensation
b. Combustion d. Saponification

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 4. Soaps are produced by what kind of reaction?
a. Addition
b. Combustion
c. Condensation
d. Saponification

5. The addition reaction of ethylene (C2H4) with excess HCl yields _______.
a. chloroethane
b. chloroethene
c. chloroethyne
d. None of these

6. Incomplete combustion of fuels yields a poisonous gas. The name of the

poisonous gas is ____________.
a. carbon dioxide
b. carbon monoxide
c. carbon pentoxide
d. carbon trioxide

For items 7-8: Refer on this chemical equation:

7. The reaction of propanoic acid and propanol yields _______.

a. propane propanoate
b. propene propanoate
c. propyl propanoate
d. propanoate propyl

8. What kind of organic reaction is this?

a. Addition
b. Combustion
c. Condensation
d. Saponification

9. All are bases that are used for the saponification of fats EXCEPT:
a. NaOH
b. LiOH
c. KOH
d. Cu(OH)2

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10. One (1) mole of C3H8 reacts with excess oxygen. Assuming that the
combustion proceeds to completion, how many moles of carbon dioxide
are formed?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

11. In connection to item number 9, how many moles of water are formed?
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7

12. Which can be used as a catalyst in an esterification reaction?

a. HNO3
b. H2SO4
c. HCl
d. KF

13. What is the alcohol by-product of the saponification process?

a. glycerol
b. ethanol
c. glucose
d. phenol

14. If 4 moles of carbon dioxide and 6 moles of water are produced

during the combustion reaction, what is the hydrocarbon burned during
the process?
a. butane
b. ethane
c. methane
d. propane

15. What is the positively-charged species that is formed when an

electrophile attacked the double bond of alkenes during addition
reaction, leaving an anion as a by-product?
a. anion
b. cation
c. carbanion
d. carbocation

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 Additional Activities

Ethylene, a colorless gas with the formula C2H4 is formed from the reaction of calcium
carbide with excess water. This gas is a plant hormone which is responsible for the
ripening of fruits. It is also a combustible gas. Assuming that the reaction is
complete, how many grams of water is produced when 56 grams of ethylene gas
reacts with excess oxygen gas? [MM(ethylene): 26 g/mol] [MM(water): 18 g/mol]. Write your
answers in a separate sheet of paper.

Solution:

Final Answer: _______________________________ g H2O

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 16
What’s New
1. Addition
2. Substitution
3. Condensation
4. Saponification
5. Combustion
6. Elimination
What I Know
What's More 1. A
2. A
Assessment
I. 3. B 1. B
1. Condensation 4. D 2. B
2. Addition 5. B 3. A
3. Saponification 6. A 4. D
II. 7. D 5. A
8. D 6. B
1 A: methyl methanoate 9. C 7. C
B: water 10. A 8. C
2.A: CO2 - 2 11. D 9. D
B: H2O - 4 12. C 10. C
3.A: glycerol/glycerin 13. B 11. A
14. D 12. B
15. B 13. A
14. B
15. D
Answer Key
References

Admin. “Addition Reaction - Electrophilic, Nucleophilic, Free-Radical Addition.”

BYJUS. BYJU'S, July 26, 2018. https://byjus.com/chemistry/addition-reaction/.
"Esterification" www.britannica.com. June 29, 2020.
https://www.britannica.com/science/alcohol/Esterification
"Iodination" chemistryscore.com. June 29, 2020.https://chemistryscore.com /
iodination-i2/
“Is Esterification a Redox Reaction?” anhourofchemaday, May 20, 2013.
https://anhourofchemaday.wordpress.com/2013/05/16/is-esterification-a-redox-
reaction/.
"Lipids: Fats and Oils" cronodon.com, June 29, 2020.
https://cronodon.com/BioTech/Lipids. html
“Online Learning Resources, Model Test Paper, Practical Solutions by Dr. Mukesh
Shrimali.” Glycerides and Saponification Chemistry, knowledgeuniverseonline.com.
Accessed July 17, 2020.
http://knowledgeuniverseonline.com/ntse/Chemistry/glycerides-
saponification.php.

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 EDITOR’S NOTE
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd
SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and
addressing the new normal. Contents of this module were based on
DepEd’s Most Essential Competencies (MELC). This is a
supplementary material to be used by all learners of
SOCCSKSARGEN Region in all public schools beginning SY 2020-
2021. The process of LR development was observed in the production
of this module. This is Version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback,
comments, and recommnedations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN
Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 228 8825 / (083) 228 1893
Email Address: [email protected]