Chap-4

Introduction to loop
Repeatedly execute a block of statements
Looping Statements
• Sometimes we need to repeat certain actions several times or till the some criteria is satisfied.
• Loop constructs are used to iterate a block of statements several times.
• Loop constructs repeatedly execute a block of statements for a fixed number of times
or tillsome condition is satisfied
• Following are looping statements in any programming language,
o Entry Controlled while, for
o Exit Controlled do…while
o Unconditional Jump goto (It is advised to never use goto in a program)

Entry Controlled Loop: While

• While is an entry controlled loop.
• It executes a block of statements till the condition is true.
while(condition)
{
// true-block
}

int i = 1;
while (i <= 5)
{ System.out.println(i);
i++;
}

• If the number of iteration is not fixed, it is recommended to use while loop.

//code will print 1 to 9
1. public class WhileLoopDemo {
2. public static void main(String[] args) {
3. int number = 1;

4. while(number < 10) {

5. System.out.println(number);
6. number++;
7. }
8.
9. } }
WAP to print day based on number entered
1. public class SwitchExampleDemo {
2. public static void main(String[] args)
3. {
4. int number = 20;
5. switch (number) {
6. case 10:
7. System.out.println("10");
8. break;
9. case 20:
10. System.out.println("20");
11. break;
12. default:
13. System.out.println("Not 10 or 20");
14. }//switch
15. }
16. }

WAP to print odd numbers between 1 to n

1. import java.util.*;
2. class WhileDemo{
3. public static void main (String[] args){
4. int n,i=1;
5. Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
6. System.out.print("Enter a number:");
7. n = sc.nextInt();
8. while(i <= n){
9. if(i%2==1)
10.
System.out.println(i);
11. i++;
12. }
13. }}
 WAP to print factors of a given number
1. import java.util.*;
2. class WhileDemo{
3. public static void main (String[] args){
4. int i=1,n;
5. Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
6. System.out.print("Enter a Number:");
7. n = sc.nextInt();
8. System.out.print(" Factors:");
9. while(i <= n){
10. if(n%i == 0)
11. System.out.print(i +",");
12. i++;
13. }
14. }}

Entry Controlled Loop: for (;;) Loop

• for is an entry controlled loop
• Statements inside the body of for are repeatedly executed till the condition is true
for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement)
{
// statements
}

for(i=1; i <= 5; i++)

{
System.out.print("Hello World!");
}
• The initialization statement is executed only once, at the beginning of the loop.
• Then, the condition is evaluated.
o If the condition is true, statements inside the body of for loop are executed
o If the condition is false, the for loop is terminated.
• Then, increment / decrement statement is executed
• Again the condition is evaluated and so on so forth till the condition is true.
• If the number of iteration is fixed, it is recommended to use for loop.
//code will print 1 to 9
1. public class ForLoopDemo {
2. public static void main(String[] args){
3. for(int number=1;number<10;number++)
4. {
5. System.out.println(number);
6. }
7. }
8. }
 WAP to print odd numbers between 1 to n
1. import java.util.*;
2. class MyProgram{
3. public static void main (String[] args){
4. int i=1;
5. Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
6. n = sc.nextInt();
7. for(i=1; i<=n; i++) {
8. if(i%2==1)
9. System.out.println(i);
10. }//for
11. }//
12. }

WAP to print factors of a given number

1. import java.util.*;
2. class MyProgram{
3. public static void main (String[] args){
4. int i=1;
5. Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
6. n = sc.nextInt();
7. for(i=1; i<=n; i++){
8. if(n%i == 0)
9. System.out.println(i);
10. }
11. }
12. }
Exit Controlled Loop: do…while
• do…while is an exit controlled loop.
• do-while loop is executed at least once because condition is checked after loop body.
• Statements inside the body of do…while are repeatedly executed till the condition is true.
• while loop executes zero or more times, do…while loop executes one or more times.
do
{
// true-block
}
while(condition) ;
 //code will print 1 to 9
1. public class DoWhileLoopDemo {
2. public static void main(String[] args) {
3. int number = 1;
4. do {
5. System.out.println(number);
6. number++;
7. }while(number < 10) ;
8. }
9. }

WAP to print 1 to 10 using do-while loop

1. import java.util.*;
2. class MyProgram{
3. public static void main (String[] args){
4. int i=1;
5. Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
6. n = sc.nextInt();
7. for(i=1; i<=n; i++){
8. if(n%i == 0)
9. System.out.println(i);
10. }
11. }
12. }
Continue: Skip the statement in the iteration
• Sometimes, it is required to skip the remaining statements in the loop and continue with
thenext iteration.
• continue statement is used to skip remaining statements in the loop.
• continue is keyword in java.
WAP to calculate the sum of positive numbers. •
1. import java.util.*;
2. class ContinueDemo{
3. public static void main(String[] args) {
4. int a,n,sum=0;
5. Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
6. n = sc.nextInt();
7. for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
8. a = sc.nextInt();
9. if(a<0){
10. continue;
11. System.out.println("a="+a); //error:unreachable
statement
12. }//if
13. sum=sum+a;
14. }//for
15. System.out.println("sum="+sum);
16. }
17. }

Break: Early exit from the loop

• Sometimes, it is required to early exit the loop as soon as some situation occurs.
• E.g. searching a particular number in a set of 100 numbers. As soon as the number is
found itis desirable to terminate the loop.
• break is keyword in java.
• break statement is used to jump out of a loop.
• break statement provides an early exit from for, while, do…while and switch constructs.
• break causes exit from the innermost loop or switch.
WAP to calculate the sum of given numbers. User will enter -1 to •
terminate.
1. import java.util.*;
2. class BreakDemo{
3.
4. publicintstatic
a,sum=0;void main (String[] args){
5. System.out.println("enter numbers_ enter -1 to break");
6. Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
7. while(true){
8. a = sc.nextInt();
9. if(a==-1)
10. break;
11. sum=sum+a;
12. }//while
13. System.out.println("sum="+sum);
14. }
15. }
Nested loop
loop within a loop

WAP to print given pattern (nested loop)

1. public static void main(String[] args) {
2. int n=5;
3. for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
4. for(int j=1;j<=i;j++){
5. System.out.print("*");
6. }//for j
7. System.out.println();
8. }//outer for i
9. }
10. }
WAP to print given pattern (nested loop)
1. class PatternDemo{
2. public static void main(String[] args) {
3. int n=5;
4. for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
5. for(int j=1;j<=i;j++){
System.out.print(j+"\t");
6. }//for j
7. System.out.println();
8. }//outer for i
9. }
10. }
 Pattern Programs in Java
---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Display Patterns in java Program 3:

Program 1: class Pattern3{

public static void main(String args[]){
class Pattern1{ for(int i=5;i>=1;i--){
public static void main(String args[]){ for(int j=1;j<=i;j++){
for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){ System.out.print(i);
for(int j=1;j<=i;j++){ }
System.out.print("* "); System.out.println();
} }
System.out.println(); }
} }
}
} Output:3

Output:1

Program 4:
Program 2:
class Pattern4{
class Pattern2{ public static void main(String args[]){
public static void main(String args[]){ for(int i=5;i>=1;i--){
for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){ for(int j=1;j<=i;j++){
for(int j=1;j<=i;j++){ System.out.print("* ");
System.out.print(i); }
} System.out.println();
System.out.println(); }
} }
} }
} Output:4

Output:2
Program 5: Program 7:

class Pattern5{ class Pattern7{

public static void main(String args[]){ public static void main(String args[]){
int sp=20; int sp=20;
for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){ int i,j,k;
for(int k=1;k<=sp;k++){ for( i=1;i<=5;i++){
System.out.print(" "); for( k=1;k<=sp;k++){
} System.out.print(" ");
sp--; }
for(int j=1;j<=i;j++){ sp--;
System.out.print("* "); for( j=1;j<=i;j++){
} System.out.print("* ");
System.out.println(); }
} System.out.println();
} }
} sp=20;
for(i=4;i>=1;i--){
Output:5 for(k=4;k<=sp;k++){
System.out.print(" ");
}
sp++;
for(j=1;j<=i;j++){
System.out.print("* ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
Program 6: }

class Pattern6{ Output:7

public static void main(String args[]){
int sp=20;
for(int i=5;i>=1;i--){
for(int k=5;k<=sp;k++){
System.out.print(" ");
}
sp++;
for(int j=1;j<=i;j++){
System.out.print("* ");
}
System.out.println(); Program 8:
}
} class Pattern8{
} public static void main(String args[]){
int n, c, k, space, count = 1;
Output:6 space =n=5;
for (c = 1; c <= n; c++){
for (k = 1; k < space; k++)
System.out.print(" ");
for (k = 1; k <= c; k++){
System.out.print("*");
if (c > 1 && count < c){
System.out.print("A");
count++;
} else
} c = c*(i-j+1)/j;
System.out.print("\n"); System.out.print(" "+c);
space--; System.out.print("\n");
count = 1; }
} }
} }
}
Output:10
Output:8

Program 9: Program 11:

class Pattern9{ class Pattern11{

public static void main(String args[]){
public static void main(String args[]){
int rows, i, j, number= 1; int i, space, rows, k=0, count = 0, count1 = 0;
rows=4; rows=5;
for(i=1; i<=rows; ++i) {
for(i=1; i <= rows; i++){
for(j=1; j <= i; ++j){ for(space=1; space <= rows-i; ++space) {
System.out.print(" ")
System.out.print(number);
++number; ++count;
} }
System.out.print("\n"); while(k != 2*i-1) {
} if (count <= rows-1) {
} System.out.print(" "+(i+k));
++count;
}
}
Output:9 else{
++count1;
System.out.print(" "+(i+k-2*count1));
}
++k;
}
count1 = count = k = 0;
System.out.print("\n");
}
}
}
Program 10:
Output:11
class Pattern10{
public static void main(String args[]){
int rows, c = 1, space, i, j;rows=5;
for(i=0; i<rows; i++){
for(space=1; space <= rows-i; space++)
System.out.print(" ")
if (j==0 || i==0)
c = 1;
Program 12: System.out.print("*");
}
class Pattern12{ sp = sp + 1;
public static void main(String args[]){ System.out.print("\n");
for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){ }
for(int j=1;j<=5;j++){ }
System.out.print("* "); }
}
System.out.println(); Output:14
}
}
}

Output:12

Program 15:
class Pattern15{
Program 13: public static void main(String args[]) {
int i,j,k,sp=1;
class Pattern13{ for (i=1; i<=5; i++) {
public static void main(String args[]){ for (k=sp; k<=5; k++) {
for (int i=1; i<=5; i++) { System.out.print(" ");
for (int j=5; j>=i; j--) { }
System.out.print(" "); for (j=0; j< i; j++) {
} System.out.print("*");
for (int k=1; k<=i; k++) { }
System.out.print("*"); sp = sp + 1;
} System.out.print("\n");
System.out.print("\n"); }
} sp = 1;
} for (i=4; i>=1; i--) {
} for (k=sp; k>=0; k--) {
Output:13 System.out.print(" ");
}
for (j=i; j>=1; j--) {
System.out.print("*");
}
sp = sp + 1;
System.out.print("\n");
}
}
}
Program 14: Output:15

class Pattern14{
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i,j,k,sp=1;
for (i=5; i>=1; i--) {
for (k=sp; k>=0; k--) {
System.out.print(" ");// only 1 space
}
for (j=i; j>=1; j--) {
Program 16: Program 18:

class Pattern16{ class Pattern18{

public static void main(String args[]) { public static void main(String args[]) {
int i, j=5, k, x; int i,j,k;
for (i=1;i<=5;i++) { for (i=1;i<=5;i++) {
for (k=1;k<=j;k++) { for (j=1;j<=5;j++) {
System.out.print(" "); if(j<=i)
} System.out.print(j);
for (x=1;x<=i;x++) { else
System.out.print(i); System.out.print(" ");
System.out.print(" "); }
} for (j=5;j>=1;j--) {
System.out.print("\n"); if(j<=i)
j=j-1; System.out.print(j);
} else
} System.out.print(" ");
} }
System.out.print("\n");
Output:16 }
}
}
Output:18

Program 17:
class Pattern17{
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i,j,k;
Program 19:
for (i=1;i<=5;i++) {
for (j=5;j>=1;j--) { class Pattern19{
if(j<=i) public static void main(String args[]) {
System.out.print(j); int i,j,k;
else for (i=1;i<=5;i++) {
System.out.print(" "); j=i;
} for (k=1;k<=i;k++) {
System.out.print("\n"); System.out.print(j++);
} }
} System.out.print("\n");
} }
}
Output:17
}
Output:19
Program 20: for (j=i;j<5;j++) {
System.out.print(" ");
class Pattern20{ }
public static void main(String args[]) { for (k=1;k<(i*2);k++) {
int i,j; System.out.print(k);
for (i=1;i<=4;i++) { }
for (j=i;j>1;j--) System.out.print("\n");
System.out.print(j); }
for (j=1;j<=i;j++) for (i=4;i>=1;i--) {
System.out.print(j); for (j=5;j>i;j--) {
System.out.print("\n"); System.out.print(" ");
} }
} for (k=1;k<(i*2);k++) {
} System.out.print(k);
Output:20 }
System.out.print("\n");
}
}
}
Output:22

Program 21:
class Pattern21{
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i,j;
for (i=1;i<=5;i++) {
for (j=1;j<=5;j++) { Program 23:
if(j==5 || j==1 || i==1 || i==5) class Pattern23{
System.out.print("1"); public static void main(String args[]) {
else
int i,j;
System.out.print(" "); for (i=1;i<=10;i++) {
}
for (j=1;j<=i;j++) {
System.out.print("\n");
System.out.print(i*j);
} }
} System.out.print("\n");
} }
Output:21 }
}
Output:23

Program 22:
class Pattern22{
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i, j, k;
for (i=1;i<=5;i++) {
Program 24: Output:25

class Pattern24{
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i,j,r,k=1;
r=10;
System.out.print("FLOYD'S TRIANGLE\n\n");
for(i=1;i<=r;i++){
for(j=1;j<=i;j++,k++)
System.out.print(k);
System.out.print("\n");
}
}
}

Output:24

Program 25:
class Pattern25{
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i, j, rows;
/* Input number of rows from user */
rows=8;
for(i=1; i<=rows; i++) {
/* Print trailing spaces */
for(j=1; j<=rows-i; j++) {
System.out.print(" ");
}
/* Print stars and center spaces */
for(j=1; j<=rows; j++) {
if(i==1 || i==rows || j==1 || j==rows)
System.out.print("*");
else
System.out.print(" ");
}
System.out.print("\n");
}
}
}