AVOGADRO EXAM 2008

UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

15 MAY 2008 TIME: 75 MINUTES

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Code 1 Ontario, now studying Grade 11 Chemistry
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Carefully detach the last page.

It is the Data Sheet.
1 Which of the following elements is not a metal? 5 How many neutrons are there in the nucleus of 131I?

A Se A 44

B Sn B 53

C Sr C 78

D Sc D 131

E Cs E 184

2 A colourless, odourless gas is thought to be oxygen. 6 Which group of elements contains no metals or
Which of the following experimental results would metalloids?
support this conclusion?

A group 13
A Burning the gas in air produces only water.
B group 14
B The gas extinguishes a flame.
C group 15
C The gas turns a Ca(OH)2 solution milky.
D group 16
D A glowing piece of wood bursts into flames in the
gas. E group 17

E The gas tarnishes silver.

7 Which of these chloride salts is least likely to exist?

A NaCl
3 Which of the following particles is the most massive?
B CuCl
C CaCl2
A α-particle
D FeCl3
B β-particle
E MgCl
C electron
D proton
8 When a sample of atomic hydrogen gas is heated, it
E neutron emits violet, blue, green and red light. Which of the
following statements best explains this observation?

A The energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom is

−1 restricted to certain values.
4 What volume of 5.0 mol L H2SO4(aq) must be diluted
with water to make 1.00 L of 0.45 mol L−1 H2SO4(aq)?
B The energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom is
not restricted in any way.
A 0.090 L
C The electron in a hydrogen atom is restricted to one
of only four possible circular orbits.
B 0.44 L
D The distance between the electron and the nucleus
C 0.090 mL
in a hydrogen atom is restricted to certain values.
D 0.045 L
E none of the above
E 2.22 mL

2 / AVOGADRO EXAM © 2008 UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO

9 Which of the following is not a mixture? 13 What is the sum of the coefficients when the following
equation is balanced using the smallest whole number
A seawater coefficients?

B table sugar __ P4 + __ Cl2 → __ PCl3

C brass
A 12
D cement
B 11
E smoke
C 6

10 Radioactive 131I is used to treat thyroid cancer. An D 5

incomplete chemical equation for the radioactive decay
of 131I is given below. E 3
131 0
I → ? + −1 e
14 How many litres of gaseous methane (CH4) must be
What is the missing product in the equation above? burned in oxygen to produce enough H2O and CO2 to
fill a 3.0-L balloon? Assume that H2O and CO2 are the
A 130
I only combustion products and that the temperature and
pressure remain constant.
129
B I

C 131
Xe A 1.0 L

D 131
Te B 1.5 L

E 131 +
I C 2.0 L

D 2.5 L
11 Which of the following has the highest concentration in
air at STP? E 3.0 L

A He

B H2O 15 A compound that contains only Fe and O is 69.9% Fe

by mass. What is the empirical formula of this
C CO2 compound?

D N2 A FeO

E O2 B FeO2

C Fe2O3
12 The average mass of a solid copper penny is 2.63 g.
What is the mass of one mole of pennies? D Fe2O

A 1.58×1024 g E Fe3O4

B 6.02×1023 g

C 6.36×1023 g

D 63.6 g

E 1.58×1023 g

© 2008 UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO AVOGADRO EXAM / 3

16 If 17.0 grams of sodium chloride are dissolved in water 20 What is the HNH bond angle in an ammonia (NH3)
to make 0.5 L of solution, then what is the final molecule? Choose the closest value.
concentration of the solution? Give your answer with
the correct number of significant figures. A 90o

A 0.6 mol L−1 B 45o

B 0.58 mol L−1 C 120o

C 0.581 mol L−1 D 109o

D 0.3 mol L−1 E 180o

E 0.291 mol L−1

21 Which of the following types of radiation has the lowest
energy per photon?
17 What is the effect of adding a catalyst to a reaction
mixture? A radio waves

A It increases the equilibrium concentrations of the B ultraviolet radiation

products.
C infrared radiation
B It decreases the enthalpy change of the reaction.
D x-rays
C It reduces the activation energy of the reaction.
E purple laser light
D It increases the value of the equilibrium constant for
the reaction.
22 An incomplete Lewis structure (i.e. electron dot
E It increases the time it takes for the reaction to structure) for the O3 molecule is given below.
reach equilibrium.
O O O
How many lone pairs of electrons are there in the
18 How many valence electrons are there in one Al3+ ion? completed structure?
A 2 A two
B 4 B four
C 6 C five
D 8 D six
E 10 E eight

19 What volume of He(g) contains the same number of

moles of gas as 1.00 L of N2(g) at the same 23 Which of the following is not a common oxide of
temperature and pressure? nitrogen?

A 7.00 L A NO

B 1.00 L B NO2

C 0.143 L C N2O4

D 35.7 mL D N2O

E 4.00 L E NO3

4 / AVOGADRO EXAM © 2008 UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO

24 In an experiment, 0.12 L of 0.10 mol L−1 H2SO4(aq) and 27 Which of the following atoms or ions has the electron
0.20 L of 0.10 mol L−1 NaOH(aq) are combined. Which configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 in its ground electronic
of the following statements is true? state?

A The pH of the resulting solution is less than 7. A Na−

B The pH of the resulting solution is greater than 7.

B Mg+
C The pH of the resulting solution is close to 7.
C K
D The pH of the resulting solution is exactly 7.

E None of the statements above are true. D Ca+

E Al3+
25 Solid aluminum dissolves in hydrochloric acid solution
according to the following chemical equation.
28 Which of the following is a brittle solid and an electrical
2 Al(s) + 6 HCl(aq) → 2 AlCl3(aq) + 3 H2(g)
insulator at room temperature, but an excellent
How many moles of H2 are produced if 17.5 moles of Al electrical conductor in its liquid form?
are added to a solution containing 24.8 moles of HCl?
A sulphur
A 26.3 mol
B sodium chloride
B 12.4 mol
C aluminum
C 7.30 mol
D mercury
D 17.5 mol
E carbon
E 24.8 mol

29 Which of the following salts produces a basic solution

when it is dissolved in water?

26 Which of the following choices does not involve a A KCl

chemical change?
B NH4Cl
A evaporation and neutralization
C K2CO3
B neutralization and sublimation
D NaNO3
C oxidation and sublimation
E CuBr2
D evaporation and sublimation
30 Which of the following describes the process that
E neutralization and oxidation
produces Fe(s) from Fe2O3(s)?

A combustion

B precipitation

C hydrolysis

D reduction

E oxidation

© 2008 UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO AVOGADRO EXAM / 5

31 Which one of the following solutions will be the worst 35 Which of the following have ground state electron
electrical conductor at 25oC? configurations of the type ns2 np2 ?
A 0.10 mol L−1 Na2SO4 (aq) A group 2 atoms
B 0.10 mol L−1 NaCl(aq) B group 4 atoms

C 0.10 mol L−1 CaSO4(aq) C group 6 atoms

D 0.10 mol L−1 CH3OH(aq) D group 14 atoms

E 0.10 mol L−1 CsCl(aq) E group 16 atoms

32 Which of the following atoms is not present in large 36 Which of the species in the reaction below are
numbers in biological molecules? Brønsted-Lowry acids?

A C − −
HSO 4 + HCO3 U SO 4
2−
+ H2CO3
B F
− −
A HSO 4 and HCO3
C O
−
D N B HSO 4 and H2CO3

E H C
−
HCO3 and SO 4
2−

2−
33 In which of these compounds is the oxidation state of Cl D SO 4 and H2CO3
the highest?
− 2−
A HClO2 E HSO 4 and SO 4

B ClO2
37 Which of the following is not an alkane?
C Cl2O5
A C2H4
D Cl2O
B C3H8
E HClO4
C C4H10

34 Which of the gases most closely resembles an ideal D C5H12

gas at standard temperature and pressure?
E C6H14

A CO2

B NH3

C HI

D H2

E H2O

6 / AVOGADRO EXAM © 2008 UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO

38 What happens when a solution of lithium chloride (LiCl)
and a solution of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) are
mixed?

A A precipitate forms.

B A new salt is formed.

C A gas is evolved.

D A metal is formed.

E No reaction occurs.

39 An average person expends approximately 100 kJ to

walk 1 km. How far will the average car travel by the
time it expends the same amount of energy (i.e. 100 kJ)
as a person who walked 1 km? Use the data given
below to determine the answer. Choose the closest
answer.

Fuel consumption
A 2 km
of an average car, 8 km L−1
B 0.2 km Heat of combustion of
gasoline, 50 kJ g−1
C 0.02 km
Density of gasoline, 0.7 g mL−1
D 20 km

E 200 km

40 How many structural isomers are there for C5H12?

A less than three

B three

C four

D five

E more than five

© 2008 UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO AVOGADRO EXAM / 7

 DATA SHEET
AVOGADRO EXAM 2008

DETACH CAREFULLY

1 18
1A 8A
1 2
H 2 13 14 15 16 17 He
1.008 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 4.003
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B ← 8B → 1B 2B 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 (209) (210) (222)
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Uun Uuu Uub Uut
(223) 226 227.0

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.1 140.9 144.2 (145) 150.4 152.00 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.0 231.0 238.0 237.0 (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (260)

Constants: Conversion factors:

NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol−1 1 atm = 101.325 kPa = 760 torr = 760 mm Hg

R = 0.082058 atm L K−1 mol−1 o
0 C = 273.15 K
−1 −1
= 8.3145 kPa L K mol
= 8.3145 J K−1 mol−1

Kw = 1.0×10−14 (at 298 K)

F = 96 485 C mol−1

−b ± b 2 − 4ac
Equations: PV = nRT k t1/2 = 0.693 pH = pKa + log ( [base] / [acid] ) x=
2a

8 / AVOGADRO EXAM © 2008 UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO