International Conference on Communication and Information Processing

(ICCIP-2020)
Available on: SSRN
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Automatic Temperature Based Fan Speed Controller Using Arduino

Shivshankar Adsule a ,Shivani Mohite b ,Rahul Patil c , Prof. Namrata Dhawas d *
a,b,c
Students ,Wagholi,Pune 412207, India.
d
Professor,Wagholi,Pune,412207,India.

Abstract

The temperature-based fan speed control system can be done by using an electronic circuit using an Arduino board. Now
Arduino board is very progressive among all electronic circuits, thus we employed Arduino board for fan speed control. The
proposed system is designed to detect the temperature of the room and send that information to the Arduino board. Then the
Arduino board executes the contrast of current temperature and set temperature based on the inbuilt program of the Arduino.

Keywords- Arduino, Speed controller, Microcontroller, speed, temperature, Liquid Crystal Display ( LCD), Sensor.

© 2020 – Authors.

1. Introduction

Electric fan is one of the most well known electrical device because of its cost effectiveness and low power
consumption advantages. It is a typical circuit and broadly utilized in numerous applications. It is also one of the
most sensible solutions to offer a comfortable and energy efficient. In fact, the fan has been for quite some time
utilized and still accessible in the market. Fan can be controlled physically by pushing on the switch button.
Where right now, change in the temperature won't give any adjustment in the fan speed. But the utilization
change the speed of the fan which is physically. So, an automatic temperature control system technology is
needed for the controlling purpose in the fan speed according to the temperature changes.

1.1 OBJECTIVE

To develop an low cost, user friendly automated temperature controlled fan regulator which reduces power
consumption and also assist people who are unable to control the speed of fan from their locations.

1.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +919604684485;

E-mail address: [email protected]

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 2 Shivshankar Adsule et.al./ ICCIP-2020

In the proposed systems, microcontroller plays a vital role in the smart systems development. Microcontrollers
have become an essential part in the present technologies that are being presented daily. This article discusses
temperature based fan speed control and monitoring system using an Arduino system. This system is used to
control the cooling system automatically based on the room temperature. The system uses an Arduino board to
implement a control system. Since this system is proposed to control the cooling system and it is very important
to know Arduino controlled system well.

1.3 METHODOLOGY
Circuit diagram of the temperature fan speed control and monitoring is shown in Fig. 3.1 It is built
around Arduino Uno board (Board1), 16×2 LCD (LCD1), temperature sensor LM35 (IC1) and a few other
components. Arduino is at the heart of the circuit as it controls all functions.

Fig. 1 Circuit diagram

2. SOFTWARE

Software for the automatic temperature controller and monitor circuit is written in Arduino programming
language. Arduino Uno is programmed using Arduino IDE software. ATmega328P on Arduino Uno comes with
a pre-programmed boot loader that allows users to upload a new code to it without using an external

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Automatic Temperature Based Fan Speed Controller… 3

Hardware programmer. Connect Arduino board to the PC and select the correct COM port in Arduino IDE.
Compile the program (sketch). Then select the correct board from Tools Board menu in Arduino IDE and upload
the sketch to Arduino through standard USB port.

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig. 2 Block diagram of the proposed Project

Block diagram of the proposed concept The above figure 1 represents the block diagram representation of the
proposed concept. The temperature sensor is interfaced with Arduino to fetch the data of temperature in the
room. The data is processed if the temperature is high fan speed is more relatively if the temperature is low fan
speed is low. Moreover if the temperature is below the threshold set then fan will be in off condition. The data
related to temperature, fan speed is displayed on the LCD for user interaction. The fan speed is controlled
relatively with the temperature using PWM pins available on the Arduino.

4. LIST OF COMPONENTS :
Following are the components which are used for this project –

4.1 ARDUINO
A microcontroller is the computer control system on a signal cheap it has many electronic circuits built into it,
which can decode written instruction and convert them to electrical signal. The microcontroller will then step
through these instructions and execute them one by one. As an example of this a microcontroller could be used
to control the fan speed according to temperature of room. There are different type of microcontroller, this
project focused only on the Arduino microcontroller where its pin diagram is shown in fig.

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 4 Shivshankar Adsule et.al./ ICCIP-2020

Fig.3 Pin Diagram of Arduino

Specifications:

 Microcontroller : ATmega328
 Operating Voltage : 5V
 Input Voltage (recommended) : 7-12V
 Input Voltage (limits) : 6-
 Digital I/O Pins : 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
 Analog Input Pins : 6 DC
 Current per I/O Pin : 40 mA
 DC Current for 3.3V Pin : 50 mA

4.2 DHT11 Temperature and Humidity sensor

Fig.4 DHT 11 Temperature and Humidity sensor

This DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor features a calibrated digital signal output with the temperature
and humidity sensor capability. It is integrated with a high-performance 8-bit microcontroller. Its technology
ensures the high reliability and excellent long-term stability. This sensor includes a resistive element and a

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Automatic Temperature Based Fan Speed Controller… 5

sensor for wet NTC temperature measuring devices. It has excellent quality, fast response, anti-interference
ability and high performance.

Specifications:

 Operating Voltage: 3.5V to 5.5V.

 Operating current: 0.3mA (measuring) 60uA (standby)
 Output: Serial data.
 Temperature Range: 0°C to 50°C.
 Humidity Range: 20% to 90%
 Resolution: Temperature and Humidity both are 16-bit.
 Accuracy: ±1°C and ±1%

4.3 TRIAC
The triac has three terminals namely Main Terminal 1(MT1), Main Terminal 2 (MT2) and Gate (G) as shown in
figure. If MT1 is forward biased with respect to MT2, then the current flows from MT1 to MT2. Similarly, if the
MT2 is forward biased with respect to MT1, then the current flows from MT2 to MT1.

4.4 OPTOCOUPLER
Specifications:

 Input Diode Forward Voltage: 1.25V

 Collector-Emitter Voltage: 80V (max)
 Collector Current: 50mA (max)
 Cut-off frequency: 80 kHz
 Rise Time: 18us
 Fall Time: 18us
 Available as 4-pin DIP through hole and also as SMT package

4.5 LCD DISPLAY (Liquid Crystal Display)

This component is specifically manufactured to be used with microcontrollers, which means that it cannot be
activated by standard IC circuits. It is used for displaying different messages on a miniature liquid crystal
display. It can display messages in two lines with 16 characters each. Also it can display all the letters of
alphabet, Greek letters, punctuation marks, mathematical symbols etc. Fig. 3 illustrates LCD (2 x 16 characters)
and its connection.

Specifications:

 Operating Voltage is 4.7V to 5.3V

 Current consumption is 1mA without backlight
 Alphanumeric LCD display module, meaning can display alphabets and numbers
 Consists of two rows and each row can print 16 characters.

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6 Shivshankar Adsule et.al./ ICCIP-2020

 Each character is build by a 5×8 pixel box

 Can work on both 8-bit and 4-bit mode
 It can also display any custom generated characters
 Available in Green and Blue Backlight

4.6 STEPDOWN TRANSFORMER (230V -12V)

Here, NP is primary winding turns = 30000

NS is secondary winding turns = 150
VP is voltage at the primary winding of the transformer = 240V
VS is the voltage at the secondary of the transformer =
VS = (VP * NS)/NP = 240*150/3000 = 12V

Fig.5 step down transformer

4.7 VOLTAGE REGULATOR

 Input voltage range 7V- 35V

 Current rating Ic = 1A
 Output voltage range VMax=5.2V ,VMin=4.8V

Fig.6 Voltage Regulator

4.8 DIODE (1N 7007)

 Maximum Recurrent Peak Reverse Voltage 1000V.
 Maximum RMS Voltage 700V.
 Maximum DC Blocking Voltage 1000V.
 Average Forward Current: 1.0A.
 Peak Forward Surge Current: 30A.
 Maximum Instantaneous Forward Voltage: 1.0V.

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Automatic Temperature Based Fan Speed Controller… 7

5. OPERATION
Fan can be controlled manually by pressing on the switch button. Where in this method, any change in the
temperature will not give any change in the fan speed. Except the usage change the speed of the fan which is
manually. So, an automatic temperature control system technology is needed for the controlling purpose in the
fan speed according to the temperature changes.
The Temperature-based fan speed control system can be done by using an electronic circuit using an Arduino
board. Now Arduino board is very progressive among all electronic circuits, thus we employed Arduino board
for fan speed control.The proposed system is designed to detect the temperature of the room and send that
information to the Arduino board. Then the Arduino board executes the contrast of current temperature and set
temperature based on the inbuilt program of the Arduino.
The outcome obtained from the operation is given through the o/p port of an Arduino board to the LCD display
of related data. The generated pulses from the board which is further fed to the driver circuit to get the preferred
output to the fan.

Fig.7 Hardware implementation of the proposed concept

Fig.8 Impact of Temperature on Fan

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 8 Shivshankar Adsule et.al./ ICCIP-2020

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

This paper explains the design and construction of fan speed control system to control the room temperature. The
temperature sensor was carefully chosen to measure the room temperature. Besides, the microcontroller had
been utilized to control the fan speed utilizing the fan speed in rpm and the arduino was effectively programmed
using C/C++ Language to contrast temperature and standard temperature and set fan speed and their qualities
showed on LCD.
Arduino based temperature controlled fan is implemented. Thus, here fan speed has been controlled by using
Arduino board according to the temperature sensed by the help of Temperature and Humidity Sensor. The idea
of the project is to change the fan temperature automatically
Besides, the fan speed will increment consequently if the temperature room is increased. As conclusion, the
system which designed right now perform quite well, for any temperature change and can be named programmed
control. In future, the proposed system can be converted into an IoET based system along with cloud based
predictive analytics.

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Automatic Temperature Based Fan Speed Controller… 9

Shivshankar Adsule was born on 6th july1998. He completed primary education from
latur Maharashtra. And completed his diploma from Swami Vivekanand Institute of
Polytechnic Latur in 2017 and currently pursuing degree from jspm's Bhivarabai Sawant
Institute of Technology and Research Pune.

Shivani Mohite was born on 29th March 1998. She completed primary education from
talbid Maharashtra. And completed her diploma in Electrical engineering from government
polytechnic Karad in 2017 and currently pursuing degree from jspm's Bhivarabai Sawant
Institute of Technology and Research Pune.

Rahul Patil was born on 28th July 1996. He completed primary education from Jalgaon
Maharashtra. And Completed his HSC from jamner ,maharashtra and currently pursuing
degree from jspm's Bhivarabai Sawant Institute of Technology and Research Pune.

Namrata Dhawas was born on 28 July 1993. She completed her degree from College of
Engineering Nagpur in 2015. She also completed her M Tech from G.H. Raisoni Nagpur
in 2017 and currently working as Assistant Professor in Bhivarabai Sawant Institute of
Technology and Research Pune.

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