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Chapitre 4

Templates define the layout and formatting of content displayed to users. They support variables, tags, and filters. By default, Django projects are configured to use templates. Templates can inherit from other templates to promote reusability. Blocks allow content to be overridden on a page-by-page basis within a template hierarchy.

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CHAIMA SAKKA
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61 views9 pages

Chapitre 4

Templates define the layout and formatting of content displayed to users. They support variables, tags, and filters. By default, Django projects are configured to use templates. Templates can inherit from other templates to promote reusability. Blocks allow content to be overridden on a page-by-page basis within a template hierarchy.

Uploaded by

CHAIMA SAKKA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Framework Django

Chapitre 4: Les templates


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Template Engine

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Templates

u Les templates ou les gabarits définit la mise en page et le formatage final


envoyé à l’utilisateur
u Syntaxe
u {{output_variable}} : affichage des variables
u {% tag %} : utilization des tags pour un formatage complex
u variable|filter : les filtres permettent de formater des variables individuellement

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Django Template Configuration
By default, Django templates are enabled on all Django projects due to the TEMPLATES variable in settings.
py. Listing 3-1 illustrates the default TEMPLATES value in Django projects.
Configuration des templates: settings.py
Listing 3-1. Default Django template configuration in settings.py
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]

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Tags

u {% now %}
u {% csrf_token %} : utiliser pour éviter les scripts cross site, utilisé seulement
dans la balise <form>
u {% if %} {% elif %} {% else %} {% endif %}
u {% for %} {% endfor %}
u {% ifchanged %} {% endifchanged %}
u {% cycle %} {% resetcycle %} {% regroup %}
u {% filter %} {% endfilter %}

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filters

u Dates: date, time, timesince, timeuntil


u Strings, Lists et Numbers: add, default, default_if_none, length, length_is,
make_list, yesno
u Numbers: divisibleby, filesizeformat, floatformat, get_digit, phone2numeric
u Strings: capfirst, cut, linenumbers, pluralize, slugify, title, truncatechars,
truncatechars_html, truncatewords, truncatewords_html, upper, wordcount
u Lists et Dictionaries: dictsort, dictsortreversed, join, first, last, random, slice,
unordered_list
u Spacing: addslashes, center, ljust, rjust, escape, escapejs, force_escape

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a single template update takes effect on all templates.
Reusable Django templates also allow you to define page blocks to override content on a page-by-
page basis. This process makes a project's templates more modular because you define top-level blocks to
Exemple
establish the overall layout and define content on a page-by-page basis.
Lets take the first step toward building reusable Django templates exploring the Django built-in
{% block %} tag. Listing 3-10 illustrates the first lines of a template called base.html with several
{% block %} tags.
u le tag « block »
Listing 3-10. Django template with {% block %} tags
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>{% block title%}Default title{% endblock title %}</title>
<meta name="description" content="{% block metadescription%}{% endblock metadescription %}">
<meta name="keywords" content="{% block metakeywords%}{% endblock metakeywords %}">

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85
Templates réutilisables
CHAPTER 3 ■ DJANGO TEMPLATES

u Il est possible de définir une relation d’héritage entre les templates


Listing 3-12. Django templates use of {{block.super}} with three reusable templates
# base.html template
<p>{% block breadcrumb %}Home{% endblock breadcrumb %}</p>

# index.html template
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block breadcrumb %}Main{% endblock breadcrumb %}

# detail.html template
{% extends "index.html" %}
{% block breadcrumb %} {{block.super}} : Detail {% endblock breadcrumb %}

The base.html template in Listing 3-12 defines the breadcrumb block with a default value of Home. Next,
the index.html template reuses the base.html template and overrides the breadcrumb block with a value of
A.U 2022-2023 10
Main. Finally, the detail.html template reuses the index.html template and overrides the breadcrumb block
value. However, notice the {{block.super}} statement in the final block override. Since {{block.super}}

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