SUBMITTED BY: AQEEL ZAFFAR

REG NO: UW-19-CS-BS-001

PROG / SEM: BSCS 6th A
COURSE TITLE: ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE
COURSE CODE: CS-351
ASSIGNMENT: 01
SUBMITTED TO: MISS RIDA ZAHRA

QUESTION
There are four approaches toward Artificial Intelligence
1. Acting Humanly
2. Thinking humanly (the cognitive modeling approach)
3. Thinking Rationally
4. Acting Rationally
Your task is to give 3 to 4 examples of systems from real world which comes under the above
mentioned approaches.
ANSWER:
 Acting Humanly Examples
1) Sophia Robot
Sophia is a social human-like AI robot developed by the Hong Kong-based company
Hanson Robotics. Sophia was activated on February 14, 2016, and made its first public
appearance in mid-March 2016 at South by Southwest in Austin, Texas, United States. In
2017, Sophia made history by becoming the first human-like AI robot to be granted legal
citizenship. This human-like AI robot, with nationality of Saudi Arabia, has made various
controversial statements, but the most recent has left the world speechless [1].
2) Watson
Watson is an IBM supercomputer that combines artificial intelligence (AI) and
sophisticated analytical software for optimal performance as a "question answering"
machine. It analyzes natural language questions and content well enough and fast enough
to compete and win against champion players at Jeopardy. This is no easy task for a
computer, given the need to perform over an enormously broad domain, with consistently
high precision and amazingly accurate confidence estimations in the correctness of its
answers [2].

3) CleverBot
Cleverbot is a chatterbot web application that uses an artificial intelligence (AI)
algorithm to have conversations with humans. It was created by British AI scientist Rollo
Carpenter.
Unlike some other chatterbots. Cleverbot's responses are not pre-programmed. Instead, it
learns from human input: Humans type into the box below the Cleverbot logo and the
system finds all keywords or an exact phrase matching the input. After searching through
its saved conversations, it responds to the input by finding how a human responded to
that input when it was asked, in part or in full, by Cleverbot [3].
 Acting Rationally Examples
1) Cleaning Rebots (Roomba)
This mobile robot for vacuuming floors is a first-generation Roomba, a widely successful
domestic robot. The battery-operated Roomba rolls on wheels and reacts to its
environment with the aid of sensors and computer processing. When it bumps into an
obstacle or detects an infrared beam, a boundary line it does not cross emitted by a
separate “virtual wall” unit, the robot will change direction randomly [4].

2) Teleoperated Robots
Teleoperated robots are semi-autonomous bots that use a wireless network to enable
human control from a safe distance. These robots usually work in extreme geographical
conditions, weather, circumstances, etc. Examples of teleoperated robots are the human-
controlled submarines used to fix underwater pipe leaks during the BP oil spill or drones
used to detect landmines on a battlefield [5].
3) Husqvarna Automower
It is the world leading robotic lawnmower.It can easily handle steep slopes, automatically
return to its charging station, as well as be controlled from anywhere in the world with
connectivity.
Due to the machine’s self-fertilizing cutting technique and light weight pivoting blades,
grass does not require as much fertilization when compared with other cutting techniques.
Husqvarna Automower cuts a small bit at a time but often, this coupled with the self-
fertilizing technique means a denser, greener lawn, that also prevents moss [6].

 Thinking Rationally Examples

1) AlphaGo
The ancient Chinese game of ‘Go’ is far more sophisticated and complex than chess
which makes its players some of the smartest people in the world. When DeepMind’s
AlphaGo managed to beat Lee Sedol in four games out of five, it devastated the entire
country of South Korea and the Go community as a whole. AlphaGo showed the world
that AI is better at the game than humans by also beating the next top four players in the
world [7].

2) MYCIN
It is an early expert system, or artificial intelligence (AI) program, for
treating blood infections. MYCIN would attempt to diagnose patients based on reported
symptoms and medical test results. The program could request further information
concerning the patient, as well as suggest additional laboratory tests, to arrive at a
probable diagnosis, after which it would recommend a course of treatment. If requested,
MYCIN would explain the reasoning that led to its diagnosis and recommendation. Using
about 500 production rules, MYCIN operated at roughly the same level of competence as
human specialists in blood infections and rather better than general practitioners [8].
3) Dendral
A computer program that uses artificial-intelligence methods to solve problems within a
specialized domain that ordinarily requires human expertise. The first system was
developed in 1965 by Edward Feigenbaum and Joshua Lederberg of Stanford
University in California, U.S. Dendral, was designed to analyze chemical compounds.
Systems now have commercial applications in fields as diverse as
medical diagnosis, petroleum engineering, and financial investing.
In order to accomplish feats of apparent intelligence, this system relies on two
components: a knowledge base and an inference engine. A knowledge base is an
organized collection of facts about the system’s domain. An inference engine interprets
and evaluates the facts in the knowledge base in order to provide an answer. Typical tasks
for systems involve classification, diagnosis, monitoring, design, scheduling, and
planning for specialized endeavours [8] Flow Chart for the dendral is given as:
 Thinking Humanly Examples
1) Driverless Vehicle System
The autonomous vehicle uses sensory functions, cognitive functions (memory, logical
thinking, decision-making and learning) and executive capabilities that humans use to
drive vehicles. The automotive industry is continuously evolving to achieve exactly this
over the last few years [9].
2) Face Recognition System
This system uses sensors functions and comparison algorithm to detect the face with the
images that is stored in the system. This system thinks like humans brain and makes
decision that system knows the person or not exactly like humans do in their brain when
meet with some persons [10].

3) Industrial Automation System

It is a kind of automation system in which we improve worker safety around heavy
machinery by automatically detecting when people or objects are within an unsafe
distance of machines or not. This system thinks like a peon that is standing near heavy
machinery and check whether an object or people are close to machine or not. This
system has done the same thing as the peon does. So we can say industrial automation
system thinks like human. This system works on deep learning algorithim [11].
 References
[1] Analyticsinsight.net. 2022. The Human-like AI Robot Sophia Wants to Become a
Mother. [online] Available at: <https://www.analyticsinsight.net/the-human-like-ai-robot-
sophia-wants-to-become-a-mother/> [Accessed 23 February 2022].
[2] Analyticsinsight.net. 2022. The Human-like AI Robot Sophia Wants to Become a
Mother. [online] Available at: <https://www.analyticsinsight.net/the-human-like-ai-robot-
sophia-wants-to-become-a-mother/> [Accessed 23 February 2022].
[3] En.wikipedia.org. 2022. Cleverbot - Wikipedia. [online] Available at:
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleverbot> [Accessed 23 February 2022].
[4] National Museum of American History. 2022. Roomba Robot Vacuum Cleaner.
[online] Available at:
<https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1448432#:~:text=On%20
the%20market%20beginning%20in,the%20basic%20patent%20is%206%2C883%2C201.
> [Accessed 23 February 2022].
[5] Builtin.com. 2022. What is Robotics? What are Robots? Types & Uses of Robots. |
Built In. [online] Available at: <https://builtin.com/robotics> [Accessed 23 February
2022].
[6] Husqvarna Group. 2022. Husqvarna launches AI enabled robotic mower with AWD.
[online] Available at: <https://www.husqvarnagroup.com/en/news/husqvarna-launches-
ai-enabled-robotic-mower-
awd#:~:text=Today%2C%20Husqvarna%20announced%20the%20release,drive%20and
%20smart%20home%20connectivity.&text=The%20new%20robotic%20mower%20fro
m,and%20operates%20at%2062%20db.> [Accessed 23 February 2022].
[7] www.mensxp.com. 2022. 4 Examples Of Artificial Intelligence Beating And
Humiliating Humans At Their Own Game. [online] Available at:
<https://www.mensxp.com/technology/games/87063-artificial-intelligence-beating-
humans-in-games.html> [Accessed 23 February 2022].
[8] Encyclopedia Britannica. 2022. MYCIN | artificial intelligence program. [online]
Available at: <https://www.britannica.com/technology/MYCIN> [Accessed 23 February
2022].
[9] Medium. 2022. Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Vehicles. [online] Available
at: <https://medium.datadriveninvestor.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-
vehicles-ae877feb6cd2> [Accessed 23 February 2022].
[10] GeeksforGeeks. 2022. Face recognition using Artificial Intelligence -
GeeksforGeeks. [online] Available at: <https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/face-recognition-
using-artificial-intelligence/> [Accessed 23 February 2022].
[11] 2022. [online] Available at: <https://www.mathworks.com/discovery/deep-
learning.html> [Accessed 23 February 2022].

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