EXERCISE I

1. Show that the mappingf: R->

Rgiven by (i) f(x) 4x-3, (i) f(x) 4x+X+77is
=
=

Find its inverse. (M.U. 1997) LAns. : (j) f (x) (*+3)/4, (ii) f(x) =is{x-7bijectivg
(x) =(
=

2. Show that the mapping

f: RH given by f{x) = cos
xfor all xE Ris neither
onto, Modify the domain and codomain of this mapping so that it is both one-one and o n t y ither one-one
onto.
(M.U. 1997) [ Ans.::0,
3, ff:RR. g:R>Rare defined as f(x) =2x + 5, g(x) =3x +5,find the rdoc. ].[-1,1
exist ? Why?
odefine
gof,fog. g'of. f Does
(M.U. 1996)
Ans.: gof(x)
6x + 20, = fo g(x) =6x +5,
fdoes not exist; fis not one-one. ]
3 3
4. Afunctionf:R-> Ris defined by f(x) = *. Test the function whether it is () Injective,
(M.U. 1997) [ Ans. : Injective but not surjective nor bijective
Gi) Surjective, (ii) Bijective.
5. IHf:R-1)>R-13) is defined as f() = prove that fis bijective and find f-
X-1
(M.U. 1998) [ Ans.:f(x) =(x-2)/ (x-3)]

6. f:RR, f(x) =2+3x, g: R-> R, g(x) =4-2x, h:R- R h(x) =x+1.

Find() go f, gog. (i) Solve ho f(x) = 2. (M.U. 1998)

Ans.: go f(x) = - 6x, go g(x)=-4 + 4x, X=-1,-1/3
7. Afunctionf:Z~Zis defined by f(x) =2x*-7. Determine whether it is injective, surjective
(M.U. 1998) [ Ans.: Not injective in Z]
and bijective.
8. If f: R R, g: R- R are defined as f(x) = x, g(x) =3x + 7, find the expressions

defining fo g.gof, gog. (M.U. 1998) [ Ans. : fo g= (3x+ 7). gof= 3x + 7, go g=9x+28]
3x+4
9.
Hf:R-1R-(3)isdefinedas f(x) determine whether fis bijective and if
(-1
so find its inverse. (M.U. 1998) [ Ans.: Yes. f(x) = (x+ 4)/(x-3)]
10. Let A be the relation in Ndefined by "x Ryif-X+ 3y= 16". Write A as the set of ordered
pairs, its range and domain. (M.U. 1998) [ Ans. : A={2, 6), (5, 7), (8, 8),..
Range ={x|6Sx<m,xE Z*}, Domain ={x|3x-1, xE Z"}||
11. Iff:A'>R* defined by f(x) = Is it a bijection. Find f-l if it exists. (M.U. 2001)

Ans. One-one but not onto in R

K-(1 +2y) / (y-1)for y2 1 there is no pre-image in A.
 g
are
functions
defined from N to N Functions
H
fand
(he set of
12. 0, if nis even natural
(n)=2n
and and g(n).
gn1, if nis odd numbers) such that
f
andgo
Find
fo g
wing functions from
followinc (M.U. 2002) {
Which
of the R to R
are (i) Ans.:
g- 2n, fo
(b) g(x)= x- x, (c) h(x) .one-to-one, (i) onto. g f 01
13.
(a) f(N)= 3" =

one-to-one but not onto. (i) g is

i) fis not
Ans.
:
onto. i one-to one but it is
rnor
onto, (ii) h is
o n e - t o - o n e

14. Testwheth. the following function from to R are naither

(a) f(x)=4 (b) g() *-x, (c) h Surjective, injective and
=

(x) = bijectiva
Ans (a) fis not surjective, but is injective. (b) g is surjective bubut
and also not injective. Hence, none is bijective. is
not injective. (c) his
jective

the following ctions not

15. Test whether are
bijective
1
f : R-(3/2)R-(0), f(x) =
2x-3
i)f: RR, f()=+1. (M.U. 2006) [ Ans.: ()
16.1H f(x)= 2x+5, g(x) = ** 1, 2x-5 where f R>R, g: Yes, (i)
fo
h(x)= R-R, h: RR
Yas.
Find () fo g. (i) go h, (ii) h.

Ans.:() 2x+7, (i) 4x-20x+ 26, (M.U.4x 2001)

f R R, g: R A are detined as
f(x) =2x* +3, g(x)
(ii) 15 *

2x + find the rules for

1, =

0fog.(i)gof (M.U. 2002, 08) [Ans. (6) 8x+8x5, (i) :

R ff : N-N, g: N-N, h:NN
where Nis a
x
qln-2n, h(n) = 0 it n is even and h (n) = 1 if n is odd. set of natural numbers and f(n) =n+1,
Find() fo f. (i) fo g. (ii) gof, (iv) ho g. (v) (fo g) o h, (vi)
(go f)oh.
Ans. : () n+2, (i) 2n+ 1, (ii) 2n + 2, (iv) 0, (v) 1 if n is even
and 3 if
even and 4 if n is odd. ] nis odd, (vi) 2 if nis
19. If f: R»Ris defined by f(x) =
x*- x, is it one-one, onto or both ?
Ans.: Onto but not one-one,
f(0) f(1) 0.]
[

=
20. Which of the =
following functions are injections, surjections and bijections on A, the set of
realnumbers?
(a) f(x) -2x, =
(b) f(x) =
x-1, (c) f(x) = xif x<0 and f(x) =
xitx20.
21. Is [Ans.: (a) bijection, (b) neither (c)
the following function (i) injective, (i) bijection
surjective?
9:CR g(z)= zz.
22. Are the (M.U. 2002) [ Ans.: not surjective|
following functions one-one and onto ?
()f:Nx N>N and f(j, k)
0)
=
2'3*.
f:AxR RxR and f(ab) (a + b, a - b). =
(M.U. 2003)
One-one but not onto. 0 e N but for no jand k, we get f(j, k) =0ie. 0has
age in Nx re-
N, (i) one-one and onto.
 neiiona
23. If f:R R. g: R R aro definod as f(x) =2x +5 and g (x) = 3x + 5 thon
fo f g of. Does fexist ? Justily youranswer.
thon find g
40x+55, g of=2x/3. f
(M.U. 200
doos not nvie
[Ans.: go f= 6x+ 20, fo f= 8x + not oxist.
one-one. f(1) =7, f(-1) = 7.]
Itis n

24. If f: R R, g: R Rare defined as f(x) =2x + 5, g() =

3x+5, then
thon fine.
find gof, fo
g'of does f exist?
(ii) 2 (x-5)/3,f
M.U. 200
Ans.: () 6+20, (ii) 8x' +
40x +

f(x) =*, g(x) =

55,

3x + 7, find go f foa
13,iv) No
25. If f: R Rand g: R> Rare defined as
fog.9og.
(M.U. 2004)[ Ans. :
(it) 9x.
() 3x+7, () (3x +7. (ii) 9x+28
26. Find which of the following functions are injective, surjective.

() 4)=*, f: R>R (i) 2X) 3X+

5x+3 f:Z-»Z
(ii) Glx) =xr+1, f: R R. (M.U. 2005
Neither injective norsurjective, (ii) Injective and surjective,
[Ans.: ()
(ii) Injective but not surjective. ]
B be given by f(x) 2x*-1and
=

27. Let A B= R the set

=
of real numbers. Let f: A ->
and let
g:B-Abegiven by g(y) =
B and g is a bijection between Bto A. (M.U. 2003,07
Show that fis a bijection between A to
function is bijective f:1->
I where
Prove that the following
28.
ifjis even
f(i)=j/2 (M.U. 2000,0
ifjis odd.
=(j-1)/2 function is bijective f: N> N
where
the following
29. Prove that
if n is even
f ) =1 (M.U. 1997)
n+1 ifn is odd and> 1 set of integers defined
set of integers to the
are functions from the (M.U. 2002)
30. If f and g and g of.
3x + 2. Find fo g
(x) (Ans.: fo g=6x+7, gof=6x+11
=
= 2x+3
and g
fx)
by f(a)defined
=
a-1, g(b) =b.
A-> B, g:B->Cbe
C= Rand let f: (M.U. 2003)
31. Let A= B=
(2) ;(go 9) ().
(); (fo f) (0):(go f)
Find(fo g)(2):(go f) Ans.:3:(x-1); y-2;1,y
fis invertible and
and a + 0, prove that
b are constants
32. If f(x) ax + b from Ato Rwhere a,
=

(M.U. 2002)[ Ans.

: fy)=-
find f
following
compute each ofthe
33. If fis the mod-8 function, + f(542)
i) f(542) (i) f(3124)
() f(3124)
(v) f(46) (vi) f(38)
(iv) f(3124 + 542)
(vii) f(46 x 38)
(vii) f(46) x f(38) 2, (v) 6, (vi) 6, (vii) (u
4,
Ans.: () 4, (i) 6, (ii) 2, (iv)
 EXERCISE II
show that at least two of
1. Ifthirteen persons
are chosen from any group them must havg
month.
their birthday in the
same

367 persons born in the

same year then show that at t
2, If in a group there are

them must have the

same birthday (date and month).
then the sum of two
if six numbers are chosen from 1 to 10, of thern
of
3. Show that, any wil
be 11.
show that the sum of two of them will ho i 5.
eight numbers are chosen from 1 14,
to
4. If
5. Show that if 21 numbers are chosen from the set {1, 2 , , 40} then one of them wille a
multiple of another.
6. Show that if any eight positive integers are chosen at random, two of them will have he
same remainder when divided by 7.
the
7. If a fair die is thrown 7 times show that it will show one of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 at
least twice.
8. What is the least number of points one should take on a chess-board with each side of 8
inchesto ensure that at least two ofthese points are not more than v2 inches apart ? [ Ans.: 651
9. From numbers 1 to
10, groups of 4 numbers are formed. If 7 such groups
random show that at least two of them will have the same
are selected at
sum.
10. If a number has 11 digits then show that at least two digits are repeated.
11. In a group of 27 persons, show that, at least two will have
letter. their name starting with same
12. What is the least number
of people required to
() on the same
day, (i) in the same month ? guarantee that at least two of them are born
13. If there are 10
pairs of
gloves how
Ans.: (i) 8, (i) 13]
at least one
matching pair.
many gloves one should choose blindly so that
there is
[ Ans.: 11]
 DisCr

box there a r e many red Functions

14. In a
ast
lea.
number of
of ball- ball-pens, many
ball-pens one blue
is
the
?
should pick ball-pens and many
up so that black
What c o l o u r

s.
one
the
s

15.
a m e

Ten hool-boys
sch o
find that they have gets atleast
at least two ball pens of
a
at l e a s t 7 11. total of
have 101 with them. [ Ans.: 4]
oof 1O nat
f 10 natural Show that
m u s t .

the set one or more of

t h e m

Let S be
is multiple
numbers. Show that
16. 9. S must
that X1 -X2 contain at least
niaeonholes
and x2 Such

Hint:Considert as
remainders 0, 1,2,..
two numbers X1

9 pigeonholos
and 10 pigeon. ) 8. When a
number is divided by9.
There
are
there are
o 24
24 students in a class who
17.
Suppose

least
tw dents
students
are
among them, whose seat appearing for an examination.
Show
exist
at
1 1 to numbers differ by at least that
there the integers
1 200, 101 of them are chosen 23.
18.
c h o s e n
From

n u m b e r s
rs there exist two
Such that one divides the other
er.
at random. Show that armong the
(M.U. 2002)
 hii t,l.

on tho mO day.

3O 1ooma n a tfh
t tholo ato hoy t loilol, w l l in ho mninun numbeor ofe
of boys, tst
loast 4 aro living in ono roo
AShow that it 9 colouns aro chosorn
the samo colouu.
to pnt TOT tigooloru, tUon at lost 12 se Ans.1
5. Considor an 8 x 8 Booloan matixA. U h o ttim of olomonta in A is G1, skhcuss dt.
h a t h 0 u m of tho
olononta in fl that thores i'.
loast ono row and at loast ono column sucn row and in
column is moro than 13. tr,
show that at loaat four of tharm
group of 1100 studonts,
rawes .
6. It we have a rn on thG an
day of a month.
7. In a dopartmental storo thoro a r o 1oloviso O s , tnG tolul Gost of which is 7 1,25.M

Show that the cost of at loast one of thom is at loast 11450. ,941
8. Tho total of marks obtainod by a studont in 9 subjocts for which he appeared was 5en
Show that in at loast ono subjoct ho must havo got
63 marks.
9. State Pigoonhole principle. Show that in a group of six people thero are at least three
people who know each other or at least throe people who are complotoly strangers.
(Hint:Comparo this oxamplo with tho solvod Ex. 18 abovo page 5-33)
10. In a box there are large numbor of black balls and white balls. If six balis are chosen at
random from the box prove that at loast 3 of thom aro of the same colour.
11. A box contains 6 blue balls, 8 red balls, 10 black balls and 12 white balls. Find the minimum
number of balls one must draw to ensure that at least 9 balls are of the same colour.
Ans. 6 + 8 + (9 - 1) (2) + 1 = 31 balls]
12. If six numbers are selected from 1 to 15, find the least number of selections which will have
the same summ. (M.U. 2005) [ Ans. : 91]

MISCELLANEOUS
EBRBR88888808884MA88E EXERCISE
1. Prove the following
1
(1)
(1) 1.4 4 1 n
(M.U. 1997)
7.10(3n (3n2)(3n+ 1) 3n+1
(2) 2+ 5 +8+.... +(3n-1) =0+1) (M.U. 1997)
2
(3) 1+ 3 +5 +... + (2n-1)= n
(M.U. 1998)
(4) 1+2 + 2 + 2"+. +2" = 2"*l -1
(M.U. 2001, 04, 07)
 DiscreteMatherd

+32 +5 +t... +(2n-1)2=n(2n-1) (2n+1)4 n

(5) 3 3
(M.U. 1998, 99, 2000, 10)
1+2+33+. .
=(1 +2+. +n) (M.U. 1994, 95)
(6) nl
.11 +2 2! +3 3 + . + n =(n+ 1!-1 (M.U. 2005)
(7 -a"t1

a. +... a" -, a> 0

(8)
1+ a +
1- a (M.U. 2002)
divisible by 4
(9)5-1 is (M.U. 2005)
for n= 1, 2, 3,..
(10)
n!22"
(M.U. 2003)
2" for n =
1, 2, 3, .
(11) n< (M.U. 2006, 10)
Imbers must be selected from the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} to guarantee that at
How numbers add up to 7.
one
pair of these (M.U. 2006, 10) [Ans.: 4]
least chow that if 7 colours are used to paitit 50 bicycles at least 8 bicycles will be of the samne
3.
(M.U. 2001, 07, 10)
colour
ve that if any 14 numbers from 1 to 25 are chosen then one of them is multiple of the

(M.U. 2005, 08)

other.
ChoW that among aiy group of five integers (not necessarily consecutive), there are two
when divided by 4,
with the
same
remainder
(M.U. 2006)
G Prove that if any 14 numbers are chosen from 1 to 25 then one of them is a multiple of the

other.
(M.U. 2005, 08)
(Hint: See Ex. 16 page 5-32.)

EXERCISETV
Theory
1. Explain the terms (a) Surjective, (6) Injective, (c) Bijective. (M.U. 1996, 2010, 15)
2. Define with an example

a)injective, (i) sujective, (ii) bijective functions (M.U. 2012, 13, 15)
3. State Pigeonhole principle and give an example. (M.U. 1999, 2010)
4. State Pigenhole and Extended Pigenhole principle.
(M.U. 2014, 15)