MASTER CARD
CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS LIGANDS- are the atom, molecules or ions (B) ON THE BASIS OF CHARGE-
The compound in which central metal atom or which are attached to central metal atom (i)Neutral Ligands- Their names has been
cation is attached with many ligands (negative ions through coordinate bond in coordination written as such.
or neutral molecules) through coordinate bond. compounds. H2O aqua
Ex- K 4 [ Fe (CN) 6 ] CLASSIFICATION OF LIGANDS – NH 3 ammine
(A) ON THE BASIS OF DONAR ATOM NH2—CH 2 -CH2 – NH2 Ethane 1,2-diamine
(i)Unidentate Ligands- Which is attached to (en)
central metal atom through one atom or one CO carbonyl
attachment site. NO Nitrosyl
CENTRAL METAL ATOM OR ION- Ex- NH 3 , Cl - , H2O, CN – C5H5N Pyridine (py)
A transition metal in coordinate ion in which it is (ii)Didentate ligands- Which is attached to (ii) Negative ligands- Their name ends with ‘O’
attached with many neutral molecules or negative central metal atom through two atom or two Cl - Chlorido
ions. attachment site. Br - Bromide
OXIDATION NUMBER- It is an apparent charge Ex- en or NH2—CH 2 -CH2 – NH2 OH - Hydroxo
present on an atom in a molecule. Ox or - OOC –COO - CN -
Cyanido
Ex- Oxidation number of Fe in K 4 [ Fe (CN) 6 ] is +2 . (iii)Polyydentate ligands- Which is attached SCN - Thiocyanato
Let oxidation number of Fe is x to central metal atom bymore than two -
NO 2 Nitrito-N
K 4 [ Fe (CN) 6 ] atoms. Ex- EDTA NCS - isothiocyanato
( +1)4 + x + (-1) 6 = 0 Ambidentate ligands- A monodentate ligand 2-
C2O4 oxalato
X=2 which can attached to central metal atom on
COORDINATION NUMBER – Total number of ligands ONO - Nitrito-O
either side or which have electron density on SO 4 2-
Sulphato
or coordinate bonds which are attached to central two atoms. Ex- NO 2 – and ONO – ,CN – and NC
metal atom in coordinate ion is known as -
CO 3 2- Carbanato
, SCN - and NCS - NH 2 -
amido
coordination number. Chelate- Coordinate compound having crab
Ex- Coordination number of Fe is 6 in K 4 [ Fe (CN) 6 ] NH 2- imido
like ring structure due to the presence of -
CH 3 COO Acetate
bidentate or polydentate ligands. Ex- [ Co(ox)
3 3- O 2- oxo
]
IUPAC NOMENCLATURE OF COORDINATION HYBRIDISATION IN COORDINATION CRYSTAL FIELD THEORY
COMPOUNDS- COMPOUNDS BY VALENCE BOND THEORY • d-orbitals split into t2g and eg due to
Name of cation Name of anion Coordination Hybr. Shape and presence of ligand
Name of coordinate First ligand than metal number example • Difference between t2g and eg is crystal
ion 4 sp 3 Tetrahedral field splitting energy Δ
Ligand * Alphabetically, 2,3or Ex-[Ni(CO) 4 ] • In case of Octahedral complex it is
4 same ligand di, tri or [ ZnCl 4 ] 2- indicated by Δ o and t2g < eg
tetra as prefix for en - dsp2 Square planar • In case of Tetrahedral complex it is
bis, tris ,tetrakis [Ni(CN) 4] 2- indicated by Δ t and t2g > eg
* Name of neutral [Pt (NH3) 4] 2+ • Δ t = 4/9 Δ o
ligand as such, name of 5 dsp3 Trigonal • In octahedral complex eg is 3/5 above
negative ligand ends bipyramidal the berry centre (average line of
with ‘O’ [Fe(CO) 5 ] energy) and t2g is 2/5 part above the
Central metal ion *Name as such in 6 d2sp 3 Octahedral berry centre
cation, ‘ate’ as suffix if or [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3- • Octahedral complex having strong
metal is in anion sp3 d 2 [Fe(H2O) 6 ] 3+ ligand
*Oxidation number in Δ o > P ( energy used for pairing of
roman numerals in Outer d -complex- d2sp 3 hybridisation due to electron)
bracket presence of strong ligands • Octahedral complex having weak ligand
ISOMERISM IN COORDINATION COMPOUNDS- Inner d- complex- sp3 d 2 hybridisation due to Δo<P
________________I_________________ presence of weak ligands
↓ ↓ • Strong ligands- NH 3 , CN - , CO
Structural Isomerism Stereo Isomerism • Weak ligand- H2O, F - , Cl –
Orbitals of [CoF6 ] 3-
↓ ↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
• Ionisation Isomerism * Geometrical
Iso. xx xx xx xx xx xx
• Linkage Isomerism * Optical
Isomerism
• Coordination Isomerism
• Hydrate or Solvate Isomerism
