Dalila Binti Bakari
Dalila Binti Bakari
Dalila Binti Bakari
Semester II 2020/2021
I hereby declare that the work in this project report is my own except for quotations
and summaries which have been duly acknowledged
Student :
Supervisor :
ABDUL HAKIM BIN GHAZALI
Company Stamp:
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah and praised to Allah S.W.T for the strength and his blessing, I have
complete my industrial training successfully at Jabatan Kerja Raya Raub. First of all,
I would like to thank both of my parents for give me unlimited support throughout my
internship. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor, Encik
Abdul Hakim and Puan Nurfalidiawati for give me chance to do my internship at JKR
Raub.
Next, I would like to thanks to JB Hakim, JJ Munir, TA Nurfa and team who give me
a lot of guidance, information and encouragement throughout this industrial training.
Last but not least, thanks to industrial training management Universiti Tun Hussein
Onn Malaysia for the opportunity to undergo with industrial training, and gain more
knowledge before I entered into the real of working environment.
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ABSTRACT
This report is discussed about the content of industrial training of University Tun
Hussein Onn Malaysia student that start on 22 February 2021 until 13 August 2021
which is has been done by successful today. This report is included the introduction of
the company such as portfolio profile company, location and others. It will be
discussed briefly in chapter one of this thesis. Other than that, there have discussed
about scope training of trainee student about what trainee have done during their
practical. This will include the training such as site visit, documentation work, road
maintenance work and others. Then it includes to provide the report such as monthly
report and progress claim report. Moreover, there will be logbook that must fill every
day by every week and will be discussed on chapter training content which is will be
explained about activities and works have did by trainee day by day. All the training
content will present in table by week to easier the reader to understand the whole
content. After that, there is recommendation which is what trainee recommend or idea
for the better of the future and in term of trainee themselves, company and society and
environment. All recommendation will be shows on this chapter. Lastly, there will be
conclusion which is what trainee have got of the practical training during 25 weeks.
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Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 12
1.1 Company Background 12
1.3 Vision 14
1.4 Mission 14
3.2.1 45
3.3.1 Foundation 47
3.3.2 Column 48
3.3.4 Slab 50
3.5.1 Cracking 61
3.5.2 Rutting 62
3.6.4 Overlay 69
4.2 Suggestions 77
4.2.1 University 78
4.2.2 Company 78
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 79
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LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) is one of the government agencies under Kementerian Kerja
Raya (KKR). JKR are responsible to help KKR in formulates, planning and perform the
infrastructure development and public facilities especially for roads, building, airports, ports
and terminals to meet the needs of social and economic development of the country especially
in rural areas, in addition to maintain and upgrading of public infrastructure and amenities of
existing.
Stages of implementation of tasks and responsibilities are made through four stages
which are JKR Persekutuan and Negeri, JKR Sabah, JKR Sarawak and Lembaga Lebuh Raya
Malaysia (LLM).
JKR federation responsible for the planning and implementation of federal projects on
the Peninsular Malaysia. However, because of the federal projects are located in the states, the
implementation of federal development projects are mostly under state administration of JKR
except for the large projects. So, the state administration of JKR is responsible for the
development of the state projects and federal development projects. JKR also provide a
technical advice for federal government a state government.
13
Figure 1.1: Location of Office and Workshop & Stor JKR Raub
Email raub@jkr.gov.my
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1.3 Vision
1.4 Mission
4. Provide advice on technical matters to the government, local authorities and statutory
bodies.
1. Planning and execute construction projects for state and federal buildings.
2. Maintain and repair the government buildings, including the State House, common
buildings, palaces and other state departments.
3. Maintain and repair the government buildings, including the State House, common
building, military and police buildings and other federal departments.
5. Provide all equipment and physical adornment for official celebration ceremony.
1. Develop State/Federal roads following the standard for the development in terms of
infrastructure.
4. Maintain and repair the government buildings, including the State House, common
buildings, religious buildings, palaces and other state departments.
5. Maintain and repair the government buildings, including the State House, common
building, military and police buildings and other federal departments.
6. Maintain and repair all roads and road structures including bridges, viaducts and
culverts for state and federal roads.
1. Manage office administration and service for staff to ensure the smooth running of the
system carried out in this department.
3. Prepare and maintain records of the acquisition and storage of goods by certain
requirements.
2. Kerja-kerja pembaikan dan penyelenggaraan RM 840,914.00 3 March 2020 17 August 2020 Kejuruteraan perima
sekolah di SM Sains Tengku Abdullah, Raub,
Pahang
3. Menaiktaraf sekolah daif tahun 2018 RM 6,558,220.00 7 March 2018 29 May 2020 Alam Jitu Bina
menggunakan kaedah Industrialized Building Sdn.Bhd
System (IBS) di Raub, Pahang
CHAPTER 2
SCOPE OF WORK
Faculty of engineering technology in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia is a faculty that
involve student in technology field. There are several courses that involved such as Civil
Engineering Technology (Environment, Building Services and Construction), Mechanical,
Electrical, Food Technology, Railway etc. University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia has
provided of student in faculty of technology for industrial training about 6 month period.
This is an effective way to produces students in many skilled workers. Through this
industrial training, student can gain new skill and experience. In addition they can practice
the theories that have been learned in universities and applied during internship. It turns out
that students who undergo with internship tend to gain more experience and knowledge in
the real environment of work. Furthermore, students can be strengthen their level thinking
and expertise through this internship with the real environment of work and required a
maturity in performing their skill. Industrial training is trained students ability and self-
patience to re-practice the theories and skill before entering the real world of work.
Industrial training is one of the ways to implemented by every student in Universiti Tun
Hussein Onn Malaysia before eligible for Bachelor Degree Certificate. Faculty of 12
Technology's Students will undergo industrial training in the last semester for about 6 month.
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To ensure that students achieve the right objectives, students need to engage and control as
much of the tasks the company has given. Some of the industrial training objectives are:
Industrial training is a mandatory for student in all degree courses to provide skill and
knowledge before entered the new real work. Industrial training helps to increase the
confidence of student in doing their work. Student can also apply the theories that have been
learned in university at their work. Hence, with industrial training, student will become more
skilled and high confidence because they have been facing the challenging situation in
internship and will be facing more in the future as well. In addition, industrial training brings
the attitude in trust, responsibility and cooperative between employees.
The table below is describing the job details that were done during industrial training. The
content is based on the experienced gain in this industrial training field for the whole 24
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weeks. Table 2.1 is shown the summary of e-logbook content by week and details of
explanation.
CHAPTER 3
3.1 Introduction
During my industrial training, I was placed at Building Department for 3 months and Road
Department for another 3 months. For the first 3 months, I was placed at construction site
Klinik Kesihatan (Jenis 3). However, I will still follow my supervisor or assistant engineer
if they do site visit at other construction site. In addition, I also do some site visit for road
works such as slope construction and stabilization, road maintenance and others. I always
follow my supervisors during the supervision and inspection process and they had given me
a lot of guidance on that field of work.
There are three main project for building department in JKR Raub which is Klinik Kesihatan
(Jenis 3) dan Kuarters, Hemodialisis Building, Masjid Baru Kampung Tok Machang. I was
placed at the Klinik Kesihatan (Jenis 3) construction site but I will also go visit to other
construction site if there is important work being done there.
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Title
Naiktaraf Bangunan Hemodialisis Di Hospital Raub
Pahang
Duration 36 Months
Table 3.2: ‘Membina Masjid Baru Di Kampung Tok Machang, Ulu Gali, Raub, Pahang’
Date 24 Months
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Table 3.3: Klinik Kesihatan Jenis 3 Dengan Kuarters di Bandar Raub, Pahang
Duration 43 Months
During industrial training, I had the oppurtunity to experience many work on site such as
inspection work and construction work from pad footing, stump, ground beam, slap, column
and roof beam. Besides that, I also had a chance to observe how slump test and cube test was
conducted. In addition, for road work, I experienced to see road maintenance, bridge
construction, slope construction and repair for slope failure.
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3.3.1 Foundation
Foundation is the lowest part of the building or the civil structure that is direct contract
with the soil which transfers loads from the structure to soil safety. Generally, the foundation
can be classified into two, namely shallow foundation and deep foundation. A shallow
foundation transfer transfers the load to a stratum present in a shallow depth. The deep
foundation transfers the load to a deeper depth below the ground surface. There are several
types of shallow foundation for examples pad footing, strip footing, mat or raft footing and
combined footing.
For project Membina Masjid Baru Tok Machang, pad footing was used as foundation
(Figure 3.1). Trainee was able to see construction of pad footing from formwork until
concreting work since this project is still at early stage as shown in Figure 3.2 and Figure 3.3
Pad footing (also known as isolated footing) are commonly used for shallow foundations in
order to carry and spread concentrated loads, caused for example by column or pillars. Pad
footing can consist either of reinforced or non-reinforced material Pad footing should only
be used when it is absolutely certain, that no verifying settlements will occur under the entire
building.
3.3.2 Column
Column is a vertical structural member intended to transfer a compressive load. For example,
a column might transfer loads from ceiling, floor or roof slab or from beam to a floor or
foundations. Column are typically constructed from materials such as stone, brick, block,
concrete, timber, steel and others which have good compressive strength. Figure 3.3 shows
the inspection of column.
For design purpose, the columns are separated into two categories that is short columns and
slender columns. In this construction site, we use the short columns. Short column is when
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the ratio of effective length to the least lateral dimensions of the column is less than 12 or
the ratio of effective length to the least radius of gyration is less than 45. Concrete work have
done using grade 25 (Mix Ratio : 1: 11⁄2: 3).
A ground beam (Figure 3.6) is a reinforced concrete beam for supporting walls and joints at
near the ground level. It also resting directly upon the ground or supported at both ends by
piers.
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Reinforcement ground beam are suitable for all ground conditions and installing approved
heave precaution it can also withstand potential ground movement mainly clay heave. In this
construction, the concrete works have been done using ready mix design gred C30.
3.3.4 Slab
Slabs are used to provide flat, useful surfaces. A reinforced concrete slab is a broad, flat plate
usually horizontal with the top and bottom surfaces parallel or nearly so. It may be supported
by reinforcement concrete beam, by masonry or reinforced concrete wall, by structural steel
members, directly by column or continuously by the ground.
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In situ concrete slabs are built on the building site using formwork. The rebar are positioned
within the formwork before the concrete is poured in. Plastic tipped metal or plastic bar
chairs are used to hold the rebar away from the bottom and sides of the formwork, so that
the concrete will completely envelops the reinforcement. In this construction, the concrete
works have been done using ready mix design grade C30.
Roof beams" is a term used to describe the relatively large wood members (load-bearing
beams) that support a roof structure. Roof beams can also be non-load-bearing (ornamental).
These decorative beams, though not necessarily easily distinguishable from load-bearing
ones, do not support roof structures at all and are often, in fact, just suspended from them.
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Concrete is a construction material compost of cement, fine aggregate (sand) and coarse
aggregates mixed with water which hardens with time. Concrete technology deals with study
of properties of concrete and its practical applications. In building constructions, concrte is
used for the construction of foundations, columns, slabs and other load bearing elements.
According to JKR Standard Specifications for Building Works 2020, concrete mixes
are classified into designed concrete, prescribed concrete and proprietary concrete. For
designed concrete, designed shall comply with MS EN 206, MS 523-2, MS 523-3, and the
drawing. Designed concrete may be produced at a certified concrete plant or a non-certified
concrete plant that is accredited by Department of Standards Malaysia or certifications body
complying with MS ISO/IEC 17065.
Concrete test must be done to check the workability and the strength of the concrete. There
are two types of testing that shall be conducted which is slump test and cube test. However,
before concreting work can be proceed, reinforcement inspection must be done by JKR civil
engineer or assistant engineer to check the type of reinforcement, spacing and others whether
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following the drawing and standard or not. Figure 3.12 shows the inspection of
reinforcement with assistant engineer.
The concrete slump test measures the consistency of fresh concrete before it sets. It is
performs to check the workability of the freshly made concrete, and therefore the ease with
which concrete flows. It can be also be used as an indicator of an improperly mixed batch.
This test is popular due to the simplicity of apparatus used and simple procedure. Table 3.4
shows the slump classes according to JKR Standard Specifications for Building Works 2020.
The slump concrete takes various shapes and according to the profile of slump concrete, the
slump is term as collapse slump, shear slump and true slump. Table 3.5 shows the type of
slump.
Table 3.5: The type of slump.
Type of slump Description
This is an indication that the water-cement
ratio is too high, concrte mix is to wet or it
is higher workability mix for which a slump
test is not approriate.
Zero slump
Cube test is one of the most important test done on concrete. It is also known as a test to
determine the compressive strength of concrete. By this single test we can know either the
concreting has been done properly or not. Usually, the size for the cube test is 15 × 15 × 15.
Figure 3.15 shows how the cube was testing. The procedures of cube test are as follow;
the concrete is poured in the mould and tempered properly so that it will not have
any void
after 24 hours these moulds are removed and the cube specimens are put in water for
curing
the specimens are tested by compression testing machine after 7 days curing and 28
days curing
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the equipment of
Measured and mark 300mm on
Mackintosh probe is measure the cone
probing rod start from the tip of the
prepared and diameter
cone using permanent marker
assembled
Road failure occurs when an asphalt surface no longer hold its original shape and develop
material stress which causes issues. Road failure is caused by number of variables including
water intrusion, stress from heavy materials, expansion and contraction from seasonal
temperature and sun exposure. Road failure issues include cracking, rutting, bleeding,
segragation, delamination and stripping.
3.5.1 Cracking
Asphalt cracking by far makes up for the majority of pavement failure issues because of its
tendency to spread and the wide variety of elements that can cause cracking. It is fairly
normal for an asphalt surface to crack over time due to the settling of soil and the exposure
to the outdoor elements. Table 3.7 shows the degree of cracking measured for each 10-lane-
meter distance.
Table 3.7: The degree of cracking
Degree of cracking Cracking condition for each 10-lane-meter
distance.
0 No crack
1 Single crack
2 Many crack but not interconnected
3 Interconnected cracks
4 Crocodile cracks
5 Crocodile cracks and spalling
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3.5.2 Rutting
Allowable value of uneven road surface in JKR/SPJ/2008-24 should not more than 2.0 m/km
Class of uneven Longitudinal direction Tranverse direction
surface Maximum number of uneven surface that
allowed
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Road maintenance is work that takes place on roads from motorways to unclassified
roads to ensure it remain strong, safe and efficient. Road maintenance takes many forms but
the overarching aim is to keep road users safe, manage traffic and maintain upkeep. Road
maintenance also extends to the repair and unblocking of gullies or drains in a road,
replacement of grid and manhole covers, replacement and repair of road signs or street names
and maintenance of green spaces.
Therefore, the road must be constantly monitored and maintained to ensure the
safety and comfort for road user. Normally, pavement maintenance is carried out routinely,
regularly and recovery.
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There are several methods that can use to maintenance the road. However, the methods
selection is depend on type of the road damaged. The commonly used at Malaysia is pothole
patching, crack sealing, mill and pave, overlay, hot in-place recycling (HIPR) and cold in-
place recycling (CIPR).
Pothole patching is a method that most commonly use at Malaysia for repairing the road
failure such as pothole, cracking and erosion. There is two type of asphalt mixture that is hot
mix asphalt and cold mix asphalt. Normally, the hot mix asphalt is use for temporary while
cold mix asphalt is use for a while. Both type of asphalt must follow Table 4.3.5 in
JKR/SPJ/2008-S4 in term of stability, stiffness and others. The rectangular section to be
patched is at least 0.3 m x 0.3 m and the largest 1.1 m x 1.1 m. Therefore, the cold mix that
does not have sufficient strength not desirable to be used. The level of compaction need to
be reached 90% - 100% Marshall compactions.
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Crack sealing is the process of placing an adhesive sealant into cracks on the pavement
surface, preventing the infiltration of moisture and non-compressible materials into the
pavement. It is a cost-effective pavement preservation treatment that can slow pavement’s
deterioration and extend pavement life by three to five years. A crack-sealed road can be
opened to traffic almost immediately when a de-tacking agent is used.
There are different type of crack sealing that have been use such as cold-applied polymer
modified bitumen emulsion, hot-applied polymer modified bitumen and chemically cured
thermosetting materials.
Milling is the process by removing a least part of the surface of a paved area and
replacing with a new pavement layer (pave). Milling can also remove distresses from the
surface, providing a better driving experience and longer roadway life. Some of the issues
that can use the mill and pave methods include ravelling, bleeding, rutting (12mm-25mm),
shoving, uneven road surface such as swells, bumps, sags or depressions and road damage
resulting from accidents or fires.
The machines and equipment that have been use during conduct this methods is
asphalt milling machine, tipper lorry, power broom, tack coat sprayer, paver and tandem
roller and pneumatic tyre roller.
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Paving work should be done immediately after the milling work. However, due to
certain problem the milling surface have left exposed. Yet, the milling surface cannot be
exposed for too long because traffic load will affect the structure and damage the pavement
milling surface. Normally, if the area of milling is not connected, the contractor will make
paving work after the milling process is done and the milling surface have left exposed.
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For safety purposes, exposed milling is not recommended at the corner and on the
single carriageway, the exposed milling must edge to edge so that the vehicle is not in danger
when overtaking.
edge
exposed
milling
edge
Figure 3.20: Exposed Milling
Process of Mill and Pave is as follows;
3.6.4 Overlay
Asphalt overlay is a method in which an existing asphalt surface is paved over with a
new asphalt cross section. This is usual method when asphalt is showing some cracking or
potholing, while still not being damaged enough to need replacement.
Usually, overlay is use for repairing the road that have thin layer of asphalt and the
bumpy road but not significantly. An overlay can be done when the existing asphalt is in
overall good condition but may have some problem areas depending on the degree of
cracking, crumbling or sunken areas. Figure 3.22 show the process of overlay.
The different between overlay and regulating is overlay is the work of paving a road with
the same thickness of the trapping layer while the regulating thickness is not the same or
variable. Cost for overlay was calculated based on volume (m3) while cost for regulating
based on onnage of asphalt supplied. Table 3.10 shows the comparison of the cost between
mill & pave, overlay and HIPR.
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Table 3.10: Comparison of the cost between mill & pave, overlay and HIPR.
Scope of works Cost of mill & pave Cost of overlay Cost of HIPR
50 mm 50 mm 50 mm
RM/m2 RM/m2 RM/m2
Milling 7.70
Tack coat spray 1.50 1.50
Overlay 29.88 29.88
Recycle/ paving the 33.70
old asphalt
39.08 31.38 33.70
Bridge expansion joints (Figure 3.23) are designed to adjust its length accommodating
movement or deformation by external loads, shrinkage, or temperature variations, and allow
for continuous traffic between bridge structures and interconnecting structures (another
bridge or abutment). The expansion joints can also be used for reducing internal forces in
extreme conditions and allow enough vertical movement for bearing replacement. Steel
expansion joints are most commonly used, though rubber joints are also often used to provide
a smooth transition for modern bridge construction, or continuous girders.
There are many different types of expansion joints according to JASBC (1984), such
as blind type, slit plate type, angle joint type, post fitting butt type, rubber joint type, steel-
covered plate type, and steel finger type.
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The maintenance of expansion joint need to be done if there is there is a damage occurred.
This work will be handled by the contractor such as Roadcare and the contractor will appoint
a specialist. The specialist will suggested the best method and material and need to be
approved by Jurutera Daerah. Figure 3.24 shows the maintenance of expansion joint.
A slope failure is a phenomenon that a slope collapses abruptly due to weakened self-
retainability of the earth under the influence of a rainfall or an earthquake. The common
causes of slope failure is steepness of the slope, water and drainage, soil composition,
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vegetation, bedding planes, joints and fractures and sudden shocks such as earthquakes, the
passage of heavy trucks and others.
There are different type of landslide that usually happen such as slump slide, debris
slide, creep slide, topple slide and rock fall. Instruments that usually used to monitor the
slope stability is inclinometer, portable wire line extensometer, time domain reflectometry
(TDR), borehole extensometer, piezometer, geographical information system (GIS),
fragmenting rock rheometer, bench design software and spectro-polarimetric imager (SPI).
There are several method can be used to stabilize the slope failure such as soil nailing,
reinforced slope & rock fill, geogrid, geotextile rock slope netting and wall construction like
gabion wall, rubble wall, retaining wall and others. The method use for slope failure at Jalan
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Tualang Padang, Raub was reinforced slope and rock fill. Figure 3.27 show the design
method.
Meanwhile, most slope failure in Fraser Hill use soil nailing and guniting method.
This method is used for serious slope failures. Soil nailing is a construction remedial
measure to treat unstable natural soil slopes or as a construction technique that allows the
safe over-steepening of new or existing soil slopes. The technique involves the insertion of
relatively slender reinforcing elements into the slope often general purpose reinforcing
bars (rebar) although proprietary solid or hollow-system bars are also available. Solid bars
are usually installed into pre-drilled holes and then grouted into place using a separate grout
line, whereas hollow bars may be drilled and grouted simultaneously by the use of
a sacrificial drill bit and by pumping grout down the hollow bar as drilling progresses.
Pull out test (Figure 3.31) must be conduct to check and verify the bond strength
between soil and grout adopted during the design of soil nails. Second, to determine the bond
strength between soil and grout for future design purpose. However, if this target is to be
achieved, the test nails should be loaded to determine the ultimate soil/grout bond with a
upper limit of 80% of ultimate tensile strength of steel bars. Third, to check if there is any
slippage or creep occurrence and lastly to check the elastic and plastic deformations of test
nails. This is observed during the repeated loading and unloading cycles of soil nails.
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CHAPTER 4
4.1 Introduction
Through these 25 weeks, there were so many knowledge and experience that I have gained
at Jabatan Kerja Raya Daerah Raub. Through this industrial training program, I have been
exposed to the real world of the working environment and indirectly disciplined me as an
employee and exposed me to the organizational structure. I have been given an opportunity
to visit construction site either building construction or road construction. It is the best way
to for me to use my knowledge that I have learned at university and applied on industry.
Industrial training have many beneficial for students to practice and gain more knowledge.
Besides, with this training we can learn how to communicate with the client, contractor and
sub-contractor. Hence, it can enhance my soft skills and increase my confident to face the
real working environment while socializing with others. Nowadays, many companies want
someone who has more experienced. Therefore, in my opinion industrial training also give
student’s experienced that can be applied when they entered the real working environment.
It can be conclude that industrial training is an important program as well as theoretical in
university.
4.2 Suggestions
During my industrial training, I have some suggestions for university and company to
improve and overcome the problem during industrial training.
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4.2.1 University
I. Industrial training must be forward to the other students so that the student can
learn a lot of new thing that had not been teach at campus and gain a lot of working
experiences.
II. Industrial Training Unit must provide more information to help the student undergo
the industrial training easily and give the actual date to summit the final report so
that student can prepare the report.
4.2.2 Company
I. The worker at construction site has to use the safety equipment such as safety
helmets and safety footwear while doing construction work.
II. The workers must have a good relationship and communication skill in oder to
provide a clear explanation and avoid any miscommunication during discussion or
during work implementation.
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CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
Industrial Training is the best platform for students from university to gain knowledge
and experience in industrial field. A lot of new skill and experience can be develop during
the 25 weeks of industrial training. It also can exposed students to new experience. And can
let student build the confidence to face challenges and feel the real working environment
which cannot be experienced in university.
The knowledge and experience gained during industrial training may help students to
apply in future. With the experience gained in industry, it would be ease to be more
confident, best communication skills and can handle problem intelligently.
Industrial training can be one of the way to produce and develop quality students especially
in technical field. From the experience, students can be more understand and gain new
knowledge than theoretical studied in classroom.
From my point of view, the industrial program within 25 weeks give a lot of benefit to
student and can exhibit communication and leadership skills and possess lifetime learning
capacity. The requirement to keep log books, submit final report and presentation for
lecturer’s visit show the ability to remember and analyze every aspect of the training
program.