Dalila Binti Bakari

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INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

JABATAN KERJA RAYA DAERAH RAUB

JALAN TENGKU ABDUL SAMAD TAMAN MUHIBBAH, 27600 RAUB,


PAHANG

DALILA BINTI BAKARI


AN170112

Semester II 2020/2021

Faculty of Engineering Technology


Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
ii

I hereby declare that the work in this project report is my own except for quotations
and summaries which have been duly acknowledged

Student :

DALILA BINTI BAKARI


Date : 13 August 21021

Supervisor :
ABDUL HAKIM BIN GHAZALI

Company Stamp:
iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah and praised to Allah S.W.T for the strength and his blessing, I have
complete my industrial training successfully at Jabatan Kerja Raya Raub. First of all,
I would like to thank both of my parents for give me unlimited support throughout my
internship. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor, Encik
Abdul Hakim and Puan Nurfalidiawati for give me chance to do my internship at JKR
Raub.
Next, I would like to thanks to JB Hakim, JJ Munir, TA Nurfa and team who give me
a lot of guidance, information and encouragement throughout this industrial training.
Last but not least, thanks to industrial training management Universiti Tun Hussein
Onn Malaysia for the opportunity to undergo with industrial training, and gain more
knowledge before I entered into the real of working environment.
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ABSTRACT

This report is discussed about the content of industrial training of University Tun
Hussein Onn Malaysia student that start on 22 February 2021 until 13 August 2021
which is has been done by successful today. This report is included the introduction of
the company such as portfolio profile company, location and others. It will be
discussed briefly in chapter one of this thesis. Other than that, there have discussed
about scope training of trainee student about what trainee have done during their
practical. This will include the training such as site visit, documentation work, road
maintenance work and others. Then it includes to provide the report such as monthly
report and progress claim report. Moreover, there will be logbook that must fill every
day by every week and will be discussed on chapter training content which is will be
explained about activities and works have did by trainee day by day. All the training
content will present in table by week to easier the reader to understand the whole
content. After that, there is recommendation which is what trainee recommend or idea
for the better of the future and in term of trainee themselves, company and society and
environment. All recommendation will be shows on this chapter. Lastly, there will be
conclusion which is what trainee have got of the practical training during 25 weeks.
v

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 12
1.1 Company Background 12

1.2 Company Profile 13

1.3 Vision 14

1.4 Mission 14

1.5 Organization chart 15

1.6 Functions of Department 16

1.6.1 Functions of Building Department 16

1.6.2 Functions of Road Department 16

1.6.3 Functions of Administrative and Financial Department 17

1.6.4 Functions of Electric Department 17

1.7 Project complete 18

CHAPTER 2 SCOPE OF WORK


19
2.1 Introduction to Industries Training 19

2.2 Objective Industrial Training 19

2.3 Importance of Industrial Training 20

2.4 Scope of Work (E-Logbook) 20

CHAPTER 3 JOB TRAINING, EXPERIENCE AND ACCOMPLISHMENT


44
3.1 Introduction 44

3.2 Building Department Project 44

3.2.1 45

3.3 Structural Work 46

3.3.1 Foundation 47

3.3.2 Column 48

3.3.3 Ground beam 49


vi

3.3.4 Slab 50

3.3.5 Roof beam 51

3.4 Concrete work 53

3.4.1 Slump test 55

3.4.2 Cube test 58

3.4.3 Probe Test 59

3.5 Road Failure 61

3.5.1 Cracking 61

3.5.2 Rutting 62

3.6 Road Maintenance 63

3.6.1 Pothole Patching 64

3.6.2 Crack Sealing 66

3.6.3 Mill and Pave 66

3.6.4 Overlay 69

3.6.5 Repair Expansion joint of bridge 70

3.7 Slope Failure 71

CHAPTER 4 SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATION 77


4.1 Introduction 77

4.2 Suggestions 77

4.2.1 University 78

4.2.2 Company 78

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 79
vii

LIST OF TABLES

1.1 Company Profile 14


1.2 Project Complete 19
2.1 The summary of e-logbook 22

3.1 ‘Naiktaraf Bangunan Hemodialisis Di Hospital Raub 44


Pahang’
3.2 ‘Membina Masjid Baru Di Kampung Tok Machang, 44
Ulu Gali, Raub, Pahang’
3.3 ‘Klinik Kesihatan Jenis 3 Dengan Kuarters di Bandar 45
Raub, Pahang’
3.4 Slump Classes 54
3.5 The type of slump 55
3.6 Different between JKR Probe and Mackintosh Probe 58
3.7 The degree of cracking 60
3.8 The degree of rutting that commonly identified on site 61
3.9 Pavement Maintenance 63
3.10 Comparison of the cost between mill & pave, overlay
and HIPR
viii

LIST OF FIGURES

1.1 Location of office and workshop JKR Raub 14


1.2 Organization chart 16
2.1 Measure the spacing of reinforcement 22
2.2 Cube test 23
2.3 Slump Test 23
2.4 Check thickness and workability of painting sealer 24
2.5 Plastering for ceiling 24
2.6 Slope failure at Kem Puncak Emas 25
2.7 Site visit at Hemodialisi Project 26
2.8 Audits from JKR Pahang 27
2.9 Quotation document 27
2.10 Site Meeting 28
2.11 Inspection of trusses 28
2.12 Audits documentation 29
2.13 Ceiling installation work 29
2.14 Collect data for site diary 30
2.15 Claim documentation 30
2.16 Check the mechanical work at site 31
2.17 Trusses installation at Hemodialisis site 31
2.18 Clearance work 32
2.19 Slump tests 32
2.20 Slope failure 33
2.21 Non-woven geotextile 33
2.22 Inspection of rebar 34
2.23 Pressure test 34
2.24 Calculation for water tank pad footing 35
ix

2.25 Visit site kk3 to see the work progress 35


2.26 Slope rehabilitation work at Klau Dam 36
2.27 Pull out test 37
2.28 Concreting work for stump 38
2.29 Concreting work for stump 38
2.30 Mock up for GFRC at kk3 site 39
2.31 Maintenance work for expansion joint 39
2.32 Measure pipe at kk3 construction site 40
2.33 Concreting work at Masjid Tok Machang 40
2.34 Concreting work for pad footing 41
2.35 Cube test 41
2.36 Mill Pave 42
2.37 Coring tests 42
3.1 Pad footing formwork 52
3.2 Concreting work for pad footing 52
3.3 The inspection of column 53
3.4 Column rebar 54
3.5 Column formwork 54
3.6 Ground beam 55
3.7 Slab 56
3.8 Roof beam formwork 57
3.9 Roof beam inspection 57
3.10 Roof beam concreting work 57
3.11 Concreting testing flowchart 59
3.12 Inspection of reinforcement 60
3.13 Slump test 62
3.14 Slump test 63
3.15 Cube test 64
3.16 Flowchart of JJKR Probe 66
3.17 Cracking 67
3.18 Rutting 69
3.19 Pothole 71
3.20 Process of pothole patching 72
x

3.21 Crack sealing 72


3.22 Asphalt milling machine 73
3.23 Tandem roller 73
3.24 Exposed milling 74
3.25 The process of Mill and Pave 74
3.26 Process of overlay 75
3.27 Expansion joint 77
328 Maintenance of expansion joint 77
3.29 Slope failure at empangan Klau 78
3.30 Slope failure at Jalan Tualang Padang 78
3.31 Rock fill 79
3.32 Rubble wall 79
3.33 Gabion wall 80
3.34 Soil nailing 81
3.35 Pull out test 81
3.36 Pull out test 82
3.37 Pull out test reading 82
xi

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS7

JKR - Jabatan Kerja Raya


KKR - Kementerian Kerja Raya
LLM - Lembaga Lebuh Raya
R.C - Reinforcement Concrete
HIPR - Hot In Place Recycling
CIPR - Cold In Place Recycling
CMA - Cold Mix Asphalt
ACB - Asphalt Concrete Binder
KK3 - Klinik Kesihatan Jenis 3
12

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Company Background

Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) is one of the government agencies under Kementerian Kerja
Raya (KKR). JKR are responsible to help KKR in formulates, planning and perform the
infrastructure development and public facilities especially for roads, building, airports, ports
and terminals to meet the needs of social and economic development of the country especially
in rural areas, in addition to maintain and upgrading of public infrastructure and amenities of
existing.
Stages of implementation of tasks and responsibilities are made through four stages
which are JKR Persekutuan and Negeri, JKR Sabah, JKR Sarawak and Lembaga Lebuh Raya
Malaysia (LLM).
JKR federation responsible for the planning and implementation of federal projects on
the Peninsular Malaysia. However, because of the federal projects are located in the states, the
implementation of federal development projects are mostly under state administration of JKR
except for the large projects. So, the state administration of JKR is responsible for the
development of the state projects and federal development projects. JKR also provide a
technical advice for federal government a state government.
13

Figure 1.1: Location of Office and Workshop & Stor JKR Raub

1.2 Company Profile

Table 1.1: Company Profile


Company’s Name Jabatan Kerja Raya Daerah Raub

Address Jabatan Kerja Raya Raub, Jalan Tengku Abdul Samad


Taman Muhibbah, 27600 Raub, Pahang
Tel No 09-355 4040

Fax No 09-355 5718

Email raub@jkr.gov.my
14

1.3 Vision

To become a world-class service provider and centre of excellence in asset management


project management and engineering services for the development of nation’s infrastructure
though creative and innovative human capital and state of the art technology.

1.4 Mission

Our mission is to contribute to the nation building through:


 Helping our clients deliver policy outcomes and services through working with them
as strategic partners.
 Standardising our processes and systems to deliver consistent outcomes.
 Providing effective and innovative asset and project management.
 Strengthening our existing engineering competencies.
 Developing our human capital and new competencies.
15

1.5 Organization chart

Figure 1.2: Organization Chart


16

1.6 Functions of Department

1. Planning, Inspection, Design and Implementation of infrastructure facilities.

2. Where the need to carry out infrastructure.

3. Maintenance of infrastructure facilities.

4. Provide advice on technical matters to the government, local authorities and statutory
bodies.

1.6.1 Functions of Building Department

1. Planning and execute construction projects for state and federal buildings.

2. Maintain and repair the government buildings, including the State House, common
buildings, palaces and other state departments.

3. Maintain and repair the government buildings, including the State House, common
building, military and police buildings and other federal departments.

4. Provide technical advice to other government agencies that require expertise.

5. Provide all equipment and physical adornment for official celebration ceremony.

1.6.2 Functions of Road Department

1. Develop State/Federal roads following the standard for the development in terms of
infrastructure.

2. Maintain and repair State/Federal roads and bridges.


3. Planning, designing and implementing road construction projects and building for
various ministries, departments, state and federal.
17

4. Maintain and repair the government buildings, including the State House, common
buildings, religious buildings, palaces and other state departments.

5. Maintain and repair the government buildings, including the State House, common
building, military and police buildings and other federal departments.

6. Maintain and repair all roads and road structures including bridges, viaducts and
culverts for state and federal roads.

1.6.3 Functions of Administrative and Financial Department

1. Manage office administration and service for staff to ensure the smooth running of the
system carried out in this department.

2. Manage all matters related to finance and procurement of essential goods.

3. Prepare and maintain records of the acquisition and storage of goods by certain
requirements.

1.6.4 Functions of Electric Department

1. Complete the development projects of State/Federal and properly maintain properties


of State/Federal.

2. Responsible for preparations of ceremony and celebration held.


18

1.7 Project complete

Table 1.2: Project Complete


Bil Project Description Contract Price Start Date Finished Date Contractor
(RM)
1. Kerja-kerja pembaikan dan penyenggaraan RM 684,252.00 3 March 2020 12 Oktober 2020 Syarikat Mubina
sekolah di SK Mahmud, Raub, Pahang

2. Kerja-kerja pembaikan dan penyelenggaraan RM 840,914.00 3 March 2020 17 August 2020 Kejuruteraan perima
sekolah di SM Sains Tengku Abdullah, Raub,
Pahang

3. Menaiktaraf sekolah daif tahun 2018 RM 6,558,220.00 7 March 2018 29 May 2020 Alam Jitu Bina
menggunakan kaedah Industrialized Building Sdn.Bhd
System (IBS) di Raub, Pahang

4. Kerja-kerja pembaikan bangunan asrama lelaki RM 459,133.20 21 September 11 Januari 2020


akibat kebakaran di SMA Al-Falah Batu 2020
Talam, Raub
5. Membina baru masjid jamek Jalan Cheroh, RM 1,071,264.00 8 April 2014 6 July 2015 Syarikat Segar
Raub
19

CHAPTER 2

SCOPE OF WORK

2.1 Introduction to Industries Training

Faculty of engineering technology in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia is a faculty that
involve student in technology field. There are several courses that involved such as Civil
Engineering Technology (Environment, Building Services and Construction), Mechanical,
Electrical, Food Technology, Railway etc. University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia has
provided of student in faculty of technology for industrial training about 6 month period.
This is an effective way to produces students in many skilled workers. Through this
industrial training, student can gain new skill and experience. In addition they can practice
the theories that have been learned in universities and applied during internship. It turns out
that students who undergo with internship tend to gain more experience and knowledge in
the real environment of work. Furthermore, students can be strengthen their level thinking
and expertise through this internship with the real environment of work and required a
maturity in performing their skill. Industrial training is trained students ability and self-
patience to re-practice the theories and skill before entering the real world of work.

2.2 Objective Industrial Training

Industrial training is one of the ways to implemented by every student in Universiti Tun
Hussein Onn Malaysia before eligible for Bachelor Degree Certificate. Faculty of 12
Technology's Students will undergo industrial training in the last semester for about 6 month.
20

To ensure that students achieve the right objectives, students need to engage and control as
much of the tasks the company has given. Some of the industrial training objectives are:

1. To expose students to the real world of work


2. To show the relationship between theory and practice.
3. To practice safety regulations, time discipline and work ethic in Industrial Training.
4. To cultivate the nature of trust, responsibility, build self-confidence and withstand
the challenges of the world of work
5. To record all activities that has been done by students during the training period.
6. To prepare an industrial training report after completing industrial training.
7. To Enables lecturers evaluate student's work performance and the effectiveness
during industrial training.
8. To give chances for student to be offered occupations in similar work where they
experience Industrial Training.
9. To give student chance to apply information that they have gain in a genuine work
circumstance

2.3 Importance of Industrial Training

Industrial training is a mandatory for student in all degree courses to provide skill and
knowledge before entered the new real work. Industrial training helps to increase the
confidence of student in doing their work. Student can also apply the theories that have been
learned in university at their work. Hence, with industrial training, student will become more
skilled and high confidence because they have been facing the challenging situation in
internship and will be facing more in the future as well. In addition, industrial training brings
the attitude in trust, responsibility and cooperative between employees.

2.4 Scope of Work (E-Logbook)

The table below is describing the job details that were done during industrial training. The
content is based on the experienced gain in this industrial training field for the whole 24
21

weeks. Table 2.1 is shown the summary of e-logbook content by week and details of
explanation.

Table 2.1: The summary of e-logbook


WEEK DATE ACTIVITY
1 22/02/2021  Industrial training briefing conducted by Jurutera
- Daerah, Ir. Ts. Mohammad Dzakir. He aggred to
26/02/2021 place me under civing engineer Encik Hakim and I
was placed at construction site Klinik Keishtan
(Jenis 3).
 Study and understand the architect plan and structur
plan of Klinik Kesihatan Jenis 3 that have been
explained by assistant engineer.
 Assist assistant engineer do inspections of roof
beam. Measure spacing and check the type of
reinforcement whether its follow drawing or not.

Figure 2.1: Measure the spacing of reinforcement


 Observe and record cube test reading.
22

Figure 2.2: Cube test


 Check and calculate total payment to main
contractor and sub-contractor.
 Monitor sheet pile work for box culvert.
2 01/03/2021  Do a site visit to collect data for site diary
-  Filing work for reinforcement inspection, piling
05/03/2021 work, mock up form, concrete record and monthly
work progress report.
 Observe and record slump test for roof beam
concrete.

Figure 2.3: Slump test


23

 Assist assistant engineer doing mock up for


skimcoat at quarters building. Record the mock up
form in the file.
 Follows SHO, SSS and painting supervisor to check
thickness and workability of painting sealer.

Figure 2.4: Check thickness and workability of


painting sealer
 Observe plastering work for ceiling at quarters
building.

Figure 2.5: Plastering for ceiling


24

3 08/03/2021  Help quantiy surveyor to calculate the total of pile


- cap at clinic building, kuarters, pump house,
12/03/2021 ambulance garage, mechanical block and water
tank.
 Assist assistant enginer to do mock up for water
reticulation system. Record the form in the file.

4 15/03/2021  Do a site visit at Kem Puncak Emas with Jurutera


- Daerah to observe slope failure and identify the risk.
19/03/2021

Figure 2.6 : Slope failure at Kem Puncak Emas


 Site visit at Hemodialisis construction site to check
the work progress.
25

Figure 2.7: Site visit at Hemodialisis construction


site
 Visits from SDO/ICU JPM at Klinik Kesihatan Jenis
3 construction site.
 Mark the finished part of the plaster and skimcoat in
the quarters plan.
 Attend ‘Majlis Penyerahan Projek Pembaikan
Bangunan Asrama Lelaki SMA Al-Falah Batu
Talam, Raub.’

 Observe the results of repairs to the dormitory


building such as ceilings, toilets, floors, walls and so
on.

5 22/03/2021  Audits from JKR Pahang


-
26/03/2021
26

Figure 2.8: Audits from JKR Pahang


 Help quantity surveyor to fill in the quotation
document for ‘Kerja Menyenggara Jalan (Marris)
serta kerja-kerja brkaitan di jalan masuk ke veterinar
, Raub, Pahang.’.

Figure2.9: Quotation document


 Do site visit to collect data for site diary
 Observe the ceiling installation work in the meeting
room of the clinic building.
 Review NCP checklist details 1-16
 Follows contractor to check the quantity of paint for
material on-site
 Attend OSHA meeting with JKR Raub staff
27

6 29/03/2021  Attend site meeting for project Klinik Kesihatan


- Jenis 3 with contractor and KKM.
02/04/2021

Figure 2.10: Site meeting


 Calculate material on site
 Inspect parts of the walls and ceilings of the quarters
that have been plastered and skimcoat.
 Do inspection of trusses with civil engineer and
supplier.
- Calculate total screw
- Joint
- Size

Figure 2.11: Inspection of trusses


 Check roller shutter installation
 Fill in the WBS code in site diary
28

 Do a copy of work progreess picture for each


month
 Assist assistant engineer to complete
documentation for audits.

Figure 2.12: Audit documentations


7 05/04/2021  Observe and monitor ceiling and windows
- installation work at clinic building
09/04/2021

Figure 2.13: Ceiling installation work


 Observe brick wall work
 Do site visit to collect data for site diary
29

Figure 2.14: Collect data for site diary


 Monitor plastering work at quarters building
 Update the work progress
 Update and complete the filing for mock up form
 Attent ‘Bengkel Projek Sakit’
8 12/04/2021  Follows assistant engineer to do inspections for
- wingwall of box culvert
16/04/2021  Do CPM tracking for paiting level 1, gymsum board,
handrailing, cubicle installation, GFRC
 Complete the claim documentation for audits

Figure 2.15: Claim documentation


 Observe the mechanical work at construction site.
30

Figure 2.16: Check the mechanical work at site


 Do a site visit at Hemodialisis site to see the work
progress, trusses installattion.

Figure 2.17: Trusses installattion at Hemodialisis


site
 Learn how to calculate JKR Probe according to jkr
standard.
9 19/04/2021  Site visit at Masjid Tok Machang construction site
- to observe site clearance work and earthwork.
23/04/2021
31

Figure 2.18: Clearance work


 Record the reading of cube test for 7 days date 12/4.
 Update mock up form, inspection work form and
inspection of the reticulation water pipe of the pump
house to the clinic.
 Visit the site and see the progress of work at the
Hemodialisis construction site
 Observe and record slump test – results 70mm

Figure 2.19: Slump tests


 Observe and monitor concrete work for apron.
10 26/04/2021  Visit slope repair work to see the risk and work
- progress. The method use was reinforced slope &
30/04/2021 rockfill method.
32

Figure 2.20: Slope failure


 Attend monthly site meeting for projeck Klinik
Kesihatan Jenis 3 with contractor and KKM.
 Check non-woven geotextile materials. Non-woven
geotextile is used to isolate the same material or
more or less particles. For examples soil with sand
or soil with soil. For stones with soil, woven
geotextile is recommended because it is thicker and
not easily torn.

Figure 2.21: Non-woven geotextile


 Mark and label the progress of work in the clinic
building plan.
 Observe and record slump test – results 75mm
11 03/05/2021  Visit bridge construction project to do inspection of
- rebar and calculate spacing, length, total rebar
07/05/2021 whether it follow drawing or not.
33

Figure 2.22: Inspection of rebar


 Assist assistant engineer to check water reticulation
system. JKR pressure test spec (16 bar in 10 minutes
and the reading should not drop). To check leakage,
low the metre to 10.5 bar in 24 hours and check the
reading drop.

Figure 2.23: Pressure test


 Observe and record slump test – results 80mm
 Complete site diary

12 10/05/2021  Given a task by supervisor to read and identify type


- of road such as cracking, rutting, bleeding,
14/05/2021 segration, delamination,stripping.
 Complete the site diary for klinik kesihatan Jenis 3
project.
34

 Update forms for filing


 Complete the industrial training e-logbook
 Cuti raya
13 17/05/2021  Observe and record cube test for concrete mixes
-  Do documentation and update filing on site.
21/05/2021  Given a task by Jurutera Daerah to do calculation for
water tank pad footing at Klinik Kesihatan project.

Figure 2.24: Do calculation for water tank pad


footing
 Taking a photo of construction work on site to be
recorded in the monthly progress report.

Figure 2.25: Visit the kk3 site to see the progress of


the work
 Complete the industrial training e-logbook
35

14 24/05/2021  Followed the Jurutera Daerah and Jurutera Jalan to


- visit the site at Klau Dam for slope rehabilitation
28/05/2021 work.

Figure 2.26: Slope rehabilitation work at Klau Dam


 Visiting road upgrading works using crum rubber
material.

Figure 2.26: Road upgrading works


 Followed assistant engineer visit Masjid tok
machang site to observe pad footing concrete work.
 Followed Road Engineers visiting slope projects in
Fraser Hill.
 Observe slope rehabilitation works using soil
nailing and micropile and rubble wall methods.
 Observe how pull out test was conducted
36

Figure 2.27: Pull out test


15 31/05/2021  Read and do a report about road furniture such as
- road line, tranverse yellow bars, ‘penghadang jalan
4/06/2021 bonggol’ delineator and other.
 Given a task to complete site diary for kk3 project.
 Collect data from contractor
 Read and do a report about type of road pavement
such as polymer modified asphalt, stone mastic
asphalt, porous asphalt, micro-surfacing and chip
seal.
 Do a report about pavement structure design
 Complete industrial training e logbook
16 7/06/2021  Read and understand the Standard specification for
- building works 2020
11/06/2021  Given a task to update reinforcement inspection
form and concreting work.
 Observe and monitor concreting work for stump
37

Figure 2.28: Concreting work for stump

Figure 2.29: Concreting work for stump


 Observe and record the slump test- results 80 mm
 Complete the site diary
 Complete industial training e-logbook
17 14/06/2021  Read and identifify the procedure for road paving
-  Read and understand the road routine maintenance
18/06/2021 work.
 Do a report of maintenance quality audit checklist
spec.
 Complete the site diary for Hemodialisis project.
38

 Assist assistant engineer to do mock up fo GFRC at


kk3 site.

Figure 2.30: Mock up for GFRC at kk3 site.


 Represented JKR as census volunteers in orang asli
villages.
18 21/06/2021  Followed assistant engineer visits Hemodialisis and
- Masjid Tok Machnag site.
25/06/2021  Followed civil engineer to see maintenance work for
expansion joint.

Figure 2.31: Maintenance work for expansion joint.


 Assist assistant engineer to measure pipe at kk3
construction site.
39

Figure 2.32: Measure pipe at kk3 construction site.


 Observe and monitor concreting work of stump and
pad footing at Masjid Tok Machang site

Figure 2.33: Concreting work of stump and pad


footing at Masjid Tok Machang site
 Record the slump test.
 Complete industrial training logbook and report.
19 28/06/2021  Observe and monitor concreting work of stump and
- pad footing at Masjid Tok Machang site
02/07/2021
40

Figure 2.34: Concreting work for pad footing


 Results slump test 75 mm, 80mm, 60 mm.
 Given a task to complete site diary for kk3 project
and Hemodialisis projeck
 Record the cube test for 30 days date 31/5.

Figure 2.35: Cube test


 Complete industrial training report.
20 5/07/2021  Do site visit at kk3 construction site to see the work
- progress.
9/07/2021  Make documentation and update interim claim fo
kk3 project
 Complete the site diary for Hemodialisi project
41

 Followed assistant engineer to monitor road


upgrading work at Kg,Tras.

Figure 2.36: Mill & Pave


 Observe hoe trial lay and coring test was conducted.

Figure 2.37: Coring test


 Do a report about road geometry design
12/07/2021
21 -  Complete the interim documentation for kk3 project
16/07/2021  Do a work progress report
 Read and understand procedure of road paving
42

 Visit Masjid Tok Machang construction site to see


the work progress and handling the first warning
letter to contractor because of delay work.

22 19/07/2021  Follow assistant engineer to do reinforcement


- inspection for pad footing and stump
23/07/2021 (a) Mengukur spacing besi
(b) Jenis besi yang digunakan
(c) Lapping (formula 40d)
 Read and do report about standard and specification
for ' foundation works and works below lowest floor
level.
 Quarintine Day 1
23 26/07/2021  Complete the site diary for kk3 project and
- Hemodialisis project
30/07/2021  Read and understand standard specification JKR for
concrete
(a) Requirement for concrete
(b) Concrete Conformity and Identity Testing
(c) Handling of concrete
(d) Construction with concrete
 Read and understand standard specification JKR for
wall system
(a) Design for wall performance
(b) water proofing
(c) security and impact rating
(d) Product, components and proprietary
systems
24 2/08/2021  Read and understand standard specification JKR for
- roofing
6/08/2021 (a) interlocking concrete tiles
(b) clay tiles
(c) pre-painted aluminium roofing sheet
43

(d) pre-painted steel roofing sheet


 Read and understand standard specification JKR for
timber
(a) joinery and ironmongery
(b) .timber grades and size tolerance
(c) treatment of timber
(d) structural assemblies of timber

25 9/08/2021  Do certification of delay and EOT for 5 project


- under road department
13/08/2021  Industrial training presentation
 Follow engineer to check trusses and ducting at kk3
site
 Visit road site and bridge construction
44

CHAPTER 3

JOB TRAINING, EXPERIENCE AND ACCOMPLISHMENT

3.1 Introduction

During my industrial training, I was placed at Building Department for 3 months and Road
Department for another 3 months. For the first 3 months, I was placed at construction site
Klinik Kesihatan (Jenis 3). However, I will still follow my supervisor or assistant engineer
if they do site visit at other construction site. In addition, I also do some site visit for road
works such as slope construction and stabilization, road maintenance and others. I always
follow my supervisors during the supervision and inspection process and they had given me
a lot of guidance on that field of work.

3.2 Building Department Project

There are three main project for building department in JKR Raub which is Klinik Kesihatan
(Jenis 3) dan Kuarters, Hemodialisis Building, Masjid Baru Kampung Tok Machang. I was
placed at the Klinik Kesihatan (Jenis 3) construction site but I will also go visit to other
construction site if there is important work being done there.
45

3.2.1 Project Description

Table 3.1: ‘ Naiktaraf Bangunan Hemodialisis Di Hospital Raub Pahang’

Title
Naiktaraf Bangunan Hemodialisis Di Hospital Raub
Pahang

Contract no. JKR/IP/CKUB/211/2019

Contract Price RM 7,100,000.00

Duration 36 Months

Date 25 May 2020 – 16 September 2022

Client Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia

Main contractor Merger Network (M) Sdn Bhd

Table 3.2: ‘Membina Masjid Baru Di Kampung Tok Machang, Ulu Gali, Raub, Pahang’

Membina Masjid Baru Di Kampung Tok Machang, Ulu


Title
Gali, Raub, Pahang

Contract no. F/PHG/R/DK/119/2020

Contract Price RM 2,363,376.12

Duration 17 Nov 2020 – 14 Nov 2022

Date 24 Months
46

Client Pejabat Pembangunan Negeri Pahang

Main contractor Mercu Buana (M) Sdn. Bhd

Table 3.3: Klinik Kesihatan Jenis 3 Dengan Kuarters di Bandar Raub, Pahang

Klinik Kesihatan Jenis 3 Dengan Kuarters di Bandar


Title
Raub, Pahang

Contract no. F/PHG/R/DK/121/2017

Contract Price RM 26,447,941.28

Duration 43 Months

Date 12 Apr 2018 – 2 Nov 2021

Client Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia

Main contractor Alam Jitu Bina Sdn. Bhd

3.3 Structural Work

During industrial training, I had the oppurtunity to experience many work on site such as
inspection work and construction work from pad footing, stump, ground beam, slap, column
and roof beam. Besides that, I also had a chance to observe how slump test and cube test was
conducted. In addition, for road work, I experienced to see road maintenance, bridge
construction, slope construction and repair for slope failure.
47

3.3.1 Foundation

Foundation is the lowest part of the building or the civil structure that is direct contract
with the soil which transfers loads from the structure to soil safety. Generally, the foundation
can be classified into two, namely shallow foundation and deep foundation. A shallow
foundation transfer transfers the load to a stratum present in a shallow depth. The deep
foundation transfers the load to a deeper depth below the ground surface. There are several
types of shallow foundation for examples pad footing, strip footing, mat or raft footing and
combined footing.
For project Membina Masjid Baru Tok Machang, pad footing was used as foundation
(Figure 3.1). Trainee was able to see construction of pad footing from formwork until
concreting work since this project is still at early stage as shown in Figure 3.2 and Figure 3.3
Pad footing (also known as isolated footing) are commonly used for shallow foundations in
order to carry and spread concentrated loads, caused for example by column or pillars. Pad
footing can consist either of reinforced or non-reinforced material Pad footing should only
be used when it is absolutely certain, that no verifying settlements will occur under the entire
building.

Figure 3.1: Pad footing formwork


48

Figure 3.2: Concreting work for pad footing

3.3.2 Column

Column is a vertical structural member intended to transfer a compressive load. For example,
a column might transfer loads from ceiling, floor or roof slab or from beam to a floor or
foundations. Column are typically constructed from materials such as stone, brick, block,
concrete, timber, steel and others which have good compressive strength. Figure 3.3 shows
the inspection of column.

Figure 3.3: The inspection of column.

For design purpose, the columns are separated into two categories that is short columns and
slender columns. In this construction site, we use the short columns. Short column is when
49

the ratio of effective length to the least lateral dimensions of the column is less than 12 or
the ratio of effective length to the least radius of gyration is less than 45. Concrete work have
done using grade 25 (Mix Ratio : 1: 11⁄2: 3).

Figure 3.4: Column Rebar

Figure 3.5: Column formwork

3.3.3 Ground beam

A ground beam (Figure 3.6) is a reinforced concrete beam for supporting walls and joints at
near the ground level. It also resting directly upon the ground or supported at both ends by
piers.
50

Figure 3.6: Ground beam

Reinforcement ground beam are suitable for all ground conditions and installing approved
heave precaution it can also withstand potential ground movement mainly clay heave. In this
construction, the concrete works have been done using ready mix design gred C30.

3.3.4 Slab

Slabs are used to provide flat, useful surfaces. A reinforced concrete slab is a broad, flat plate
usually horizontal with the top and bottom surfaces parallel or nearly so. It may be supported
by reinforcement concrete beam, by masonry or reinforced concrete wall, by structural steel
members, directly by column or continuously by the ground.
51

Figure 3.7: Slab

In situ concrete slabs are built on the building site using formwork. The rebar are positioned
within the formwork before the concrete is poured in. Plastic tipped metal or plastic bar
chairs are used to hold the rebar away from the bottom and sides of the formwork, so that
the concrete will completely envelops the reinforcement. In this construction, the concrete
works have been done using ready mix design grade C30.

3.3.5 Roof beam

Roof beams" is a term used to describe the relatively large wood members (load-bearing
beams) that support a roof structure. Roof beams can also be non-load-bearing (ornamental).
These decorative beams, though not necessarily easily distinguishable from load-bearing
ones, do not support roof structures at all and are often, in fact, just suspended from them.
52

Figure 3.8: Roof beam formwork

Figure 3.9: Roof beam rebar inspection

Figure 3.10: Roof beam concreting work


53

3.4 Concrete work

Concrete is a construction material compost of cement, fine aggregate (sand) and coarse
aggregates mixed with water which hardens with time. Concrete technology deals with study
of properties of concrete and its practical applications. In building constructions, concrte is
used for the construction of foundations, columns, slabs and other load bearing elements.
According to JKR Standard Specifications for Building Works 2020, concrete mixes
are classified into designed concrete, prescribed concrete and proprietary concrete. For
designed concrete, designed shall comply with MS EN 206, MS 523-2, MS 523-3, and the
drawing. Designed concrete may be produced at a certified concrete plant or a non-certified
concrete plant that is accredited by Department of Standards Malaysia or certifications body
complying with MS ISO/IEC 17065.

The contractor shall comply with the following requirements:


 Notify the S.O. the name of the supplier location of the plants, journey time taken to
transport the concrete to the site and production capacity of the plant.
 Submit a designed concrete report covering all concrete mixes to the S.O. for
approval. The designed concrete shall comply with the requirements.
 The contractor shall ensure that the S.O. be permitted to visit or station his
representative at the plant at any stage of all concrete production.
54

Figure 3.11: Concrete testing flowchart

Concrete test must be done to check the workability and the strength of the concrete. There
are two types of testing that shall be conducted which is slump test and cube test. However,
before concreting work can be proceed, reinforcement inspection must be done by JKR civil
engineer or assistant engineer to check the type of reinforcement, spacing and others whether
55

following the drawing and standard or not. Figure 3.12 shows the inspection of
reinforcement with assistant engineer.

Figure 3.12: Inspection of reinforcement with assistant engineer.

3.4.1 Slump test

The concrete slump test measures the consistency of fresh concrete before it sets. It is
performs to check the workability of the freshly made concrete, and therefore the ease with
which concrete flows. It can be also be used as an indicator of an improperly mixed batch.
This test is popular due to the simplicity of apparatus used and simple procedure. Table 3.4
shows the slump classes according to JKR Standard Specifications for Building Works 2020.

. Table 3.4: Slump Classes


Class Slump in mm
S1 10 to 40
S2 50 to 90
S3 100 to 150
S4 160 to 210
S5 ≥ 220
56

The slump concrete takes various shapes and according to the profile of slump concrete, the
slump is term as collapse slump, shear slump and true slump. Table 3.5 shows the type of
slump.
Table 3.5: The type of slump.
Type of slump Description
This is an indication that the water-cement
ratio is too high, concrte mix is to wet or it
is higher workability mix for which a slump
test is not approriate.

The shear slump indicates that the resluts is


incomplete and concrete to be retested.
Shear slump is when the top portion of the
concrete shears off and slip sideway or half
of the cone slides down and inclined plane

True slump is the only slump that can be


measured in the test. The measurement is
taken between the top of the cone and the
top of the concrete after the cone has been
removed.
57

Zero slump is the indication of very low


water-cement ratio which results in dry
mixes. These type of concrete is generally
used for road construction.

Zero slump

The procedure of the slump test are as follows;


 place the frustum on the base plate
 fill the cone with three layer of wet concrete mixture
 compact each layer 25 times using compacting steel rod
 lift the cone slowly and observe the slump
 invert the frustum and place it close to the collapsed concrete
 measure and record the slump and the type of the slump

Figure 3.13: Slump test


58

Figure 3.14: Slump test

3.4.2 Cube test

Cube test is one of the most important test done on concrete. It is also known as a test to
determine the compressive strength of concrete. By this single test we can know either the
concreting has been done properly or not. Usually, the size for the cube test is 15 × 15 × 15.
Figure 3.15 shows how the cube was testing. The procedures of cube test are as follow;
 the concrete is poured in the mould and tempered properly so that it will not have
any void
 after 24 hours these moulds are removed and the cube specimens are put in water for
curing
 the specimens are tested by compression testing machine after 7 days curing and 28
days curing
59

3.15: Cube test

3.4.3 Probe Test

Site Investigation is the geotechnical investigation on performed by geotechnical


engineers or engineering geologists to obtain information on the physical properties of the
soil and rock around a site to design earth works and foundations for proposed structures and
for repair of distress to earthworks and structures.
JKR Probe test is a lightweight and portable penetrometer. It is a considerably faster
and cheaper tool than boring equipment especially when the depth of exploration is moderate
and the soils under investigation are soft or loose. The different between Mackintosh Probe
and JKR Probes is the degree of cone penetrometer which is 30° for Mackintosh Probe while
JKR Probes has 60° cone penetrometer. Table 3.6 shows the different between JKR Probe
and Mackintosh Probe.

Table 3.6: Different between JKR Probe and Mackintosh Probe.


CONE WEIGHT HEIGHT
TYPE OF
OF OF
PENETROMETE DIAMETER AREA DEGRE HAMME FALL
R (mm) (mm) E (°) R (kg) (mm)
60

JKR PEOBE 25 491 60 5 280


MACHINTOSH
27.9 611 30 4.5 300
PROBE

Objective of JKR Probe Test are:


 Collecting a disturbed soil sample for grain-size analysis and soil classification.
 Determine sub-surface straits graphed and identify materials present.
 Evaluate soil density and in-situ stress conditions.
 Estimate geotechnical parameters.

the equipment of
Measured and mark 300mm on
Mackintosh probe is measure the cone
probing rod start from the tip of the
prepared and diameter
cone using permanent marker
assembled

The hammer is The probing rod must keep


5kg hammer is set at
pulled until it vertically at the ground but before
the end of the
reached the that place the datum bar at the end
probing rod
maximum of probing rod

The hammer is taken off on the


The hammer is The sum of the number
last 300mm of each rod and
dropped freely to of blow for penetration of
joined and existing rod with
driven the cone into 300mm is recorded into
another rod and lastly the
the soil data sheet
hammer

The blow is continued until


Determine the ultimate bearing
the blow is more than 400 for
capacity of different strata at the
300mm penetration and the
different depth using correction chart
depth reached 15m

Figure 3.16: Flowchart of JKR Probe


61

3.5 Road Failure

Road failure occurs when an asphalt surface no longer hold its original shape and develop
material stress which causes issues. Road failure is caused by number of variables including
water intrusion, stress from heavy materials, expansion and contraction from seasonal
temperature and sun exposure. Road failure issues include cracking, rutting, bleeding,
segragation, delamination and stripping.

3.5.1 Cracking

Asphalt cracking by far makes up for the majority of pavement failure issues because of its
tendency to spread and the wide variety of elements that can cause cracking. It is fairly
normal for an asphalt surface to crack over time due to the settling of soil and the exposure
to the outdoor elements. Table 3.7 shows the degree of cracking measured for each 10-lane-
meter distance.
Table 3.7: The degree of cracking
Degree of cracking Cracking condition for each 10-lane-meter
distance.
0 No crack
1 Single crack
2 Many crack but not interconnected
3 Interconnected cracks
4 Crocodile cracks
5 Crocodile cracks and spalling
62

Figure 3.17: Cracking

3.5.2 Rutting

Rutting (Figure 3.18) is a term for when permanent deformation or consolidation


accumulates in an asphalt pavement surface over time; this is typically shown by the wheel
path being engraved in the road. Asphalt roads are considered flexible, and this can be shown
during summer months when the binder on the surface of older asphalt roads begins to stick
to the bottom of shoes. Rutting occurs because the aggregate, and binder in asphalt roads can
move. One might compare it to the tracks the wheels of a wagon might leave if one were to
pull it through dirt; however, the vehicles riding on the road are not the reason for why rutting
occurs. Rutting can be caused by lack of compaction, insufficient pavement thickness, and
weak asphalt mixtures (Walker). Table 3.8 shows the degree of rutting that commonly
identified on site.

Table 3.8: The degree of rutting that commonly identified on site.


Degree of rutting Depth
Low Less than 12 mm
Medium More than 12 mm but less than 25 mm
High More than 25 mm

Allowable value of uneven road surface in JKR/SPJ/2008-24 should not more than 2.0 m/km
Class of uneven Longitudinal direction Tranverse direction
surface Maximum number of uneven surface that
allowed
63

Depth more than 4mm Depth more than 7 Maximum number


mm of uneven surface
Distance Distance Distance Distance that allowed (mm)
300 m 75 m 300 m 75 m
SR1 20 9 2 1 4
SR2 40 18 4 2 8
SR3 60 27 6 3 12
JKR/SPJ/1998: Permissible tolerances for uneven values

Figure 3.18: Rutting

3.6 Road Maintenance

Road maintenance is work that takes place on roads from motorways to unclassified
roads to ensure it remain strong, safe and efficient. Road maintenance takes many forms but
the overarching aim is to keep road users safe, manage traffic and maintain upkeep. Road
maintenance also extends to the repair and unblocking of gullies or drains in a road,
replacement of grid and manhole covers, replacement and repair of road signs or street names
and maintenance of green spaces.

Therefore, the road must be constantly monitored and maintained to ensure the
safety and comfort for road user. Normally, pavement maintenance is carried out routinely,
regularly and recovery.
64

Table 3.9: Pavement Maintenance

Work that done a few times a year or according to


current situation like patching holes, grass cutting,
Routinely
cleaning the drains and signboards and maintenance
of the bridge.

Work that done several years once like resurfacing


Regularly the surface, reshape the shoulder and painting the
road lines.

Work that done depending on road conditions like


Recovery smoothing and strengthening the pavement and
rehabilitation of the shoulder and drain.

There are several methods that can use to maintenance the road. However, the methods
selection is depend on type of the road damaged. The commonly used at Malaysia is pothole
patching, crack sealing, mill and pave, overlay, hot in-place recycling (HIPR) and cold in-
place recycling (CIPR).

3.6.1 Pothole Patching

Pothole patching is a method that most commonly use at Malaysia for repairing the road
failure such as pothole, cracking and erosion. There is two type of asphalt mixture that is hot
mix asphalt and cold mix asphalt. Normally, the hot mix asphalt is use for temporary while
cold mix asphalt is use for a while. Both type of asphalt must follow Table 4.3.5 in
JKR/SPJ/2008-S4 in term of stability, stiffness and others. The rectangular section to be
patched is at least 0.3 m x 0.3 m and the largest 1.1 m x 1.1 m. Therefore, the cold mix that
does not have sufficient strength not desirable to be used. The level of compaction need to
be reached 90% - 100% Marshall compactions.
65

Figure 3.19: Pothole

Figure 3.17 shows the procedure of pothole patching.

mark the area to be cutting the area using


repaired at least 1 ft pavement cutter and
around pothole remove it using
backhoe

spray tack coat on


the bottom and clean the surface
the edges of the and make sure the
area area is dry

compacting the centre of the


area and follow by the edges
to improve the ties between
the patch area with the
original area
patching the area
with asphalt, but not
more than 4 inches
for each layer.

sealing around the


area with sand chip
or chip seal

Figure 3.17: Process of Pothole Patching


66

3.6.2 Crack Sealing

Crack sealing is the process of placing an adhesive sealant into cracks on the pavement
surface, preventing the infiltration of moisture and non-compressible materials into the
pavement. It is a cost-effective pavement preservation treatment that can slow pavement’s
deterioration and extend pavement life by three to five years. A crack-sealed road can be
opened to traffic almost immediately when a de-tacking agent is used.
There are different type of crack sealing that have been use such as cold-applied polymer
modified bitumen emulsion, hot-applied polymer modified bitumen and chemically cured
thermosetting materials.

Figure 3.18: Crack Sealing

3.6.3 Mill and Pave

Milling is the process by removing a least part of the surface of a paved area and
replacing with a new pavement layer (pave). Milling can also remove distresses from the
surface, providing a better driving experience and longer roadway life. Some of the issues
that can use the mill and pave methods include ravelling, bleeding, rutting (12mm-25mm),
shoving, uneven road surface such as swells, bumps, sags or depressions and road damage
resulting from accidents or fires.
The machines and equipment that have been use during conduct this methods is
asphalt milling machine, tipper lorry, power broom, tack coat sprayer, paver and tandem
roller and pneumatic tyre roller.
67

Figure 3.18: Asphalt milling machine

Figure 3.19: tack coat sprayer

Figure 3.20: Tandem Roller

Paving work should be done immediately after the milling work. However, due to
certain problem the milling surface have left exposed. Yet, the milling surface cannot be
exposed for too long because traffic load will affect the structure and damage the pavement
milling surface. Normally, if the area of milling is not connected, the contractor will make
paving work after the milling process is done and the milling surface have left exposed.
68

For safety purposes, exposed milling is not recommended at the corner and on the
single carriageway, the exposed milling must edge to edge so that the vehicle is not in danger
when overtaking.
edge

exposed
milling

edge
Figure 3.20: Exposed Milling
Process of Mill and Pave is as follows;

removing the surface of a cleaning the milling surface by


damage area by using asphalt using power broom or air
milling machine blower

paved with binder asphalt


spraying a bitumen emulsion
(ACB28) and wearing asphalt
(tack coat) as a binder layer
(ACW14)

Figure 3.21: The Process of Mill and Pave


69

3.6.4 Overlay

Asphalt overlay is a method in which an existing asphalt surface is paved over with a
new asphalt cross section. This is usual method when asphalt is showing some cracking or
potholing, while still not being damaged enough to need replacement.
Usually, overlay is use for repairing the road that have thin layer of asphalt and the
bumpy road but not significantly. An overlay can be done when the existing asphalt is in
overall good condition but may have some problem areas depending on the degree of
cracking, crumbling or sunken areas. Figure 3.22 show the process of overlay.

removal and replacement of the


poor areas by using pothole cleaning the
patching, crack sealing or cut surface
and patch.

overlaid the surface spraying a tack coat


with a new asphalt

leveling the low


area with asphalt

Figure 3.22: Process of Overlay

The different between overlay and regulating is overlay is the work of paving a road with
the same thickness of the trapping layer while the regulating thickness is not the same or
variable. Cost for overlay was calculated based on volume (m3) while cost for regulating
based on onnage of asphalt supplied. Table 3.10 shows the comparison of the cost between
mill & pave, overlay and HIPR.
70

Table 3.10: Comparison of the cost between mill & pave, overlay and HIPR.
Scope of works Cost of mill & pave Cost of overlay Cost of HIPR
50 mm 50 mm 50 mm
RM/m2 RM/m2 RM/m2
Milling 7.70
Tack coat spray 1.50 1.50
Overlay 29.88 29.88
Recycle/ paving the 33.70
old asphalt
39.08 31.38 33.70

3.6.5 Repair Expansion joint of bridge

Bridge expansion joints (Figure 3.23) are designed to adjust its length accommodating
movement or deformation by external loads, shrinkage, or temperature variations, and allow
for continuous traffic between bridge structures and interconnecting structures (another
bridge or abutment). The expansion joints can also be used for reducing internal forces in
extreme conditions and allow enough vertical movement for bearing replacement. Steel
expansion joints are most commonly used, though rubber joints are also often used to provide
a smooth transition for modern bridge construction, or continuous girders.
There are many different types of expansion joints according to JASBC (1984), such
as blind type, slit plate type, angle joint type, post fitting butt type, rubber joint type, steel-
covered plate type, and steel finger type.
71

Figure 3.23: Expansion joint

The maintenance of expansion joint need to be done if there is there is a damage occurred.
This work will be handled by the contractor such as Roadcare and the contractor will appoint
a specialist. The specialist will suggested the best method and material and need to be
approved by Jurutera Daerah. Figure 3.24 shows the maintenance of expansion joint.

Figure 3.24: Maintenance of expansion joint.

3.7 Slope Failure

A slope failure is a phenomenon that a slope collapses abruptly due to weakened self-
retainability of the earth under the influence of a rainfall or an earthquake. The common
causes of slope failure is steepness of the slope, water and drainage, soil composition,
72

vegetation, bedding planes, joints and fractures and sudden shocks such as earthquakes, the
passage of heavy trucks and others.

Figure 3.25: Slope failure at Empangan Klau

Figure 3.26: Slope failure at Jalan Tualang Padang, Raub

There are different type of landslide that usually happen such as slump slide, debris
slide, creep slide, topple slide and rock fall. Instruments that usually used to monitor the
slope stability is inclinometer, portable wire line extensometer, time domain reflectometry
(TDR), borehole extensometer, piezometer, geographical information system (GIS),
fragmenting rock rheometer, bench design software and spectro-polarimetric imager (SPI).
There are several method can be used to stabilize the slope failure such as soil nailing,
reinforced slope & rock fill, geogrid, geotextile rock slope netting and wall construction like
gabion wall, rubble wall, retaining wall and others. The method use for slope failure at Jalan
73

Tualang Padang, Raub was reinforced slope and rock fill. Figure 3.27 show the design
method.

Figure 3.27: Rock fill

Figure 3.28: Rubble wall


74

Figure 3.29: Gabion wall

Meanwhile, most slope failure in Fraser Hill use soil nailing and guniting method.
This method is used for serious slope failures. Soil nailing is a construction remedial
measure to treat unstable natural soil slopes or as a construction technique that allows the
safe over-steepening of new or existing soil slopes. The technique involves the insertion of
relatively slender reinforcing elements into the slope often general purpose reinforcing
bars (rebar) although proprietary solid or hollow-system bars are also available. Solid bars
are usually installed into pre-drilled holes and then grouted into place using a separate grout
line, whereas hollow bars may be drilled and grouted simultaneously by the use of
a sacrificial drill bit and by pumping grout down the hollow bar as drilling progresses.
Pull out test (Figure 3.31) must be conduct to check and verify the bond strength
between soil and grout adopted during the design of soil nails. Second, to determine the bond
strength between soil and grout for future design purpose. However, if this target is to be
achieved, the test nails should be loaded to determine the ultimate soil/grout bond with a
upper limit of 80% of ultimate tensile strength of steel bars. Third, to check if there is any
slippage or creep occurrence and lastly to check the elastic and plastic deformations of test
nails. This is observed during the repeated loading and unloading cycles of soil nails.
75

Figure 3.30: Soil Nailing

Figure 3.31: Pullout test


76

Figure 3.32: Pull out test

Figure 3.33: Pull out test reading


77

CHAPTER 4

SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 Introduction

Through these 25 weeks, there were so many knowledge and experience that I have gained
at Jabatan Kerja Raya Daerah Raub. Through this industrial training program, I have been
exposed to the real world of the working environment and indirectly disciplined me as an
employee and exposed me to the organizational structure. I have been given an opportunity
to visit construction site either building construction or road construction. It is the best way
to for me to use my knowledge that I have learned at university and applied on industry.
Industrial training have many beneficial for students to practice and gain more knowledge.
Besides, with this training we can learn how to communicate with the client, contractor and
sub-contractor. Hence, it can enhance my soft skills and increase my confident to face the
real working environment while socializing with others. Nowadays, many companies want
someone who has more experienced. Therefore, in my opinion industrial training also give
student’s experienced that can be applied when they entered the real working environment.
It can be conclude that industrial training is an important program as well as theoretical in
university.

4.2 Suggestions

During my industrial training, I have some suggestions for university and company to
improve and overcome the problem during industrial training.
78

4.2.1 University

I. Industrial training must be forward to the other students so that the student can
learn a lot of new thing that had not been teach at campus and gain a lot of working
experiences.
II. Industrial Training Unit must provide more information to help the student undergo
the industrial training easily and give the actual date to summit the final report so
that student can prepare the report.

4.2.2 Company

I. The worker at construction site has to use the safety equipment such as safety
helmets and safety footwear while doing construction work.
II. The workers must have a good relationship and communication skill in oder to
provide a clear explanation and avoid any miscommunication during discussion or
during work implementation.
79

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

Industrial Training is the best platform for students from university to gain knowledge
and experience in industrial field. A lot of new skill and experience can be develop during
the 25 weeks of industrial training. It also can exposed students to new experience. And can
let student build the confidence to face challenges and feel the real working environment
which cannot be experienced in university.
The knowledge and experience gained during industrial training may help students to
apply in future. With the experience gained in industry, it would be ease to be more
confident, best communication skills and can handle problem intelligently.
Industrial training can be one of the way to produce and develop quality students especially
in technical field. From the experience, students can be more understand and gain new
knowledge than theoretical studied in classroom.
From my point of view, the industrial program within 25 weeks give a lot of benefit to
student and can exhibit communication and leadership skills and possess lifetime learning
capacity. The requirement to keep log books, submit final report and presentation for
lecturer’s visit show the ability to remember and analyze every aspect of the training
program.

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