Worksheet Topic: Atomic structure

1 The symbols for two ions are shown.

19
9
F– 21
11
Na +
Which statement is correct?

Dr
A The fluoride ion contains more electrons than the sodium ion.
B
C .
The sodium ion contains more neutrons than the fluoride ion.
The two ions contain the same number of electrons as each other.
D Na
The two ions contain the same number of protons as each other.

2 de
Which dot-and-cross diagram, showing all the outer shell electrons of each atom, is not correct?

A B em C

H
D

H H H Cl O C O Ha H C H
H mm
3 An oxygen atom contains 8 electrons, 8 protons and 10 neutrons.

What is the nucleon number of this atom?

ad
A 8 B 10 C 16 D 18

12
4 A radioactive isotope of carbon has more nucleons than the non-radioactive isotope, 6C.

How many protons, neutrons and electrons could there be in this radioactive isotope of carbon?

protons neutrons electrons

A 6 6 6
B 6 8 6
C 8 6 8
D 8 8 8

Dr.Nadeem Haider Hammad BSS/Cantt Chemistry 5070

 5 A hydride is a compound containing only two elements, one of which is hydrogen.

Which element can form the greatest number of different hydrides?

A carbon
B chlorine
C nitrogen
D oxygen

6 The table contains information on the structure of four particles.

Dr
.
Na
What are the values of W, X, Y and Z in the table above?

de
em
Ha
mm
7
ad
Which element requires the largest number of electrons for one mole of the metal to be formed
from its aqueous ions during electrolysis?

A aluminium
B calcium
C copper
D sodium

8 Naturally-occurring bromine has a relative atomic mass of 80 and consists entirely of two
isotopes of relative atomic masses 79 and 81.

What can be deduced about naturally-occurring bromine from this information only?

A Bromine contains the two isotopes in equal proportions.

B Bromine has different oxidation states.
C Bromine isotopes have different numbers of protons.
Dr.Nadeem Haider Hammad BSS/Cantt Chemistry 5070
 D Bromine is radioactive.

9 The diagram shows the structural formula of the covalent molecule hydrazine, N2H4.

H H

N N

H H

Consider all the electrons in a molecule of hydrazine.

Which description fits the arrangement of these electrons in the molecule?

Dr
.
Na
de
10 An atom, X, contains 16 protons. Which statement about X is correct?

A
B
It cannot form an ion.
em
It contains 6 electrons in the outer shell.
C
D
It contains 6 neutrons.
Ha
It has relative atomic mass of 16.
mm
11 Which statement about the particles O2–, F–, Ne, Na+ and Mg2+ is true? They all

A contain more electrons than protons. ad

B contain more neutrons than protons.
C contain the same number of electrons.
D contain the same number of neutrons.

12. Which statement about both chlorine atoms and chloride ions is correct?

A They are chemically identical.

B They are isotopes of chlorine.
C They have the same number of protons.
D They have the same physical properties.

13. A researcher notices that atoms of an element are releasing energy. Why are the atoms
releasing energy?

Dr.Nadeem Haider Hammad BSS/Cantt Chemistry 5070

 A The atoms are absorbing light.
B The atoms are evaporating.
C The atoms are radioactive.
D The atoms react with argon in the air.

3
14. An atom of element X is represented by X7 . Which statement about an atom of X is correct?

A It is in Group III of the Periodic Table.

B It is in Group VII of the Periodic Table.
C The total number of protons and electrons is 6.
D The total number of protons and neutrons is 10.

15. Which graph shows the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom, plotted
against the proton (atomic) number for the first ten elements in the Periodic Table?

Dr A B

. 10
8
10
8
number of 6
electrons in Na number of 6
electrons in
outer shell 4
2 de outer shell 4
2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
em 0
0 2 4 6 8 10
proton number
Ha proton number

10
C
10 mm D

number of 6
8 8
number of 6
ad
electrons in electrons in
outer shell 4 outer shell 4
2 2
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
proton number proton numbe

Dr.Nadeem Haider Hammad BSS/Cantt Chemistry 5070

 16. Hydrogen can form both H+ ions and H– ions. Which one of the statements below is correct?

A An H+ ion has more protons than an H– ion.

B An H+ ion has no electrons.
C An H– ion has one more electron than an H+ ion.
D An H– ion is formed when a hydrogen atom loses an electron.

17. An element X forms a positive ion with the electronic structure 2,8,8.

What is the proton (atomic) number of X?

Dr A 16 B 17 C 18 D 19

.
18. Which statement about the numbers of particles in atoms is correct?

A Na
Apart from hydrogen, most atoms contain

more neutrons than protons.

B more protons than neutrons. de
C
D
more electrons than protons.
more protons than electrons.
em
Ha
19. In which option do the three particles each have the same number of electrons?

A Cl – Br
–
I–
mm
B
C
F
K+
–
Ne
Ca2+
Na
Br –
+
+

ad
D Li+ Na+ K

20. The atoms 64 Cu and 65 Zn have the same

29 30

A nucleon number.
B number of electrons.
C number of neutrons.
D proton number.

Dr.Nadeem Haider Hammad BSS/Cantt Chemistry 5070

 21. In one molecule of carbon dioxide, CO2, what is the total number of electrons present
and how many are involved in bonding between the carbon and oxygen atoms?

total number of electrons electrons involved in bonding

A 16 4
B 16 8
C 22 4
D 22 8

Dr
90 2+
22. What is the structure of the ion 38Sr ?

.
Na
de
em
23. Metals have positive ions in a ‘sea of electrons.Which metal atom provides most electrons for the sea?

A aluminium Ha
B calcium
mm
C
D
magnesium
sodium ad
24. Which atom has the same electronic configuration as the strontium ion?

A calcium
B krypton
C rubidium
D selenium

25. In which compound does the element X have the highest oxidation state?

A X2O B X4O C XO2 D XO4

Dr.Nadeem Haider Hammad BSS/Cantt Chemistry 5070

 26. A beam of particles contains neutrons, n, protons, p, and electrons, e.

The beam is passed between charged plates.

Which diagram shows how the particles are affected by the plates?

A B
e
beam of +ve beam of +ve
p
particles particles
n e
p n
ve ve

Dr C D

beam of
.
particles
+ve
e
beam of
particles
+ve p

Na ve
p
n
ve
n

de e

27 An element X has two isotopes, 238X and 235X.

How does 238X differ from 235X?

em
A It has 3 more protons and 3 more electrons. Ha
B
C
It has 3 more protons, but no more electrons.
mm
D
It has 3 more neutrons and 3 more electrons.
It has 3 more neutrons, but no more electrons. ad
28 The formulae of the ions of four elements are shown below.

O2 – F– Li+ Mg2+

Which statement about these ions is correct? They all have

A the same number of electrons in their outer shells.

B the same electronic structure as a noble gas.
C the same number of protons in their nuclei.
D more electrons than protons.

31 32
29. The atoms 15 P and 16 S have the same

Dr.Nadeem Haider Hammad BSS/Cantt Chemistry 5070

 A nucleon number.
B number of electrons.
C number of neutrons.

D number of proton

30. Two particles X and Y have the composition shown in the table.

Dr The particles X and Y are

.
a. metal atoms.
b.
c.
non-metal atoms.
negative ions. Na
d. positive ions.
de
31 em
The letters X, Y and Z represent different atoms.

Ha
mm
What can be deduced from the proton numbers and nucleon numbers of X, Y and Z?

A X and Y are the same element.

B X and Z are the same element.
ad
C X has more protons than Y.
D Z has more neutrons than Y.

32 Which of the following contains the same number of electrons as an atom of neon?

A Cl–
B Li
C Li+
D O2–

Dr.Nadeem Haider Hammad BSS/Cantt Chemistry 5070