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Asm 2380

The document discusses hormones and the endocrine system. It defines key terms like hormone, adolescence, and puberty. It explains that endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Examples are given of endocrine glands like the thyroid, pancreas, adrenal and pituitary glands and the hormones they produce and their functions. Puberty is described as the period when the reproductive systems mature in boys and girls, leading to important physical changes like growth of sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics.

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Aryaan Laskar
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42 views2 pages

Asm 2380

The document discusses hormones and the endocrine system. It defines key terms like hormone, adolescence, and puberty. It explains that endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Examples are given of endocrine glands like the thyroid, pancreas, adrenal and pituitary glands and the hormones they produce and their functions. Puberty is described as the period when the reproductive systems mature in boys and girls, leading to important physical changes like growth of sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics.

Uploaded by

Aryaan Laskar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ICSE VIII CHAPTER 5 BIOLOGY

01. Define the following:


(a) Hormone: Hormone is a chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland, which
is directly poured into the blood stream and acts on a target organ
or cell.
(b) Adolescence: It is the period between 10-19 years of an age in an individual’s life.
(c) Puberty: Puberty is the period during which the reproductive systems of boys and
girls mature.
(d) Stress: Stress is a state of mental or emotional strain.

02. What are endocrine glands? What are they also known as?
A. The hormone-producing glands are called endocrine glands. They are all known as
ductless glands.
03. Differentiate between endocrine and exocrine gland.
A.
Endocrine gland Endocrine gland
They send their secretions through They pour their secretions directly
ducts to the target organs. into the blood.
Chemicals are secreted in large Hormones are secreted in small
amount. amount.
04. Fill in the blanks by naming endocrine glands, the hormones they secrete, and
the function they perform in a normal person.
A.
Sr No Name of the gland Hormone produced Function
1. Thyroid Thyroxine Controls the metabolic
rate.
2. Pancreas Insulin Regulates the amount
of sugar in the blood.
Glucagon Releases sugar from
the liver.
3. Adrenal Adrenaline Prepares the body for
action.
4. Pituitary  Growth hormone  Speeds up growth.
 Thyroid-stimulating  Stimulates the
hormone thyroid gland to
secrete thyroxine.
 Follicle-stimulating  Stimulates the
hormone production of sex
cells in males and
females.

05. Adrenaline is called as the ‘flight or fight hormone’. Justify.


A. Adrenaline provides extra energy and strength to the body in any adverse
situation. Hence, it is called as the ‘flight or fight hormone’.
06. How does insulin lower glucose from the blood stream?
A. Converts extra glucose to glycogen which is ultimately stored in the liver and
muscles.
 Induces the cells to burn extra glucose to produce heat and energy for the body.
 Causes the cells to convert extra glucose into fat.

07. Name the disease caused due to insufficient secretion of insulin.


A. Diabetes mellitus

08. Why is pituitary gland known as the ‘master gland’?


A. Pituitary gland regulates the activity of other endocrine gland. Hence, pituitary
gland is known as the ‘master gland’.

09. Write the important physical changes taking place in boys and girls during
puberty.
A.
Boys Girls
Enlargement of testes. Ovaries mature, the release of egg
starts.
Penis and scrotal sac grow. Uterus and vagina grow in size.
Menstruation cycle starts.
Sudden spurt in growth, shoulder Sudden spurt in growth for a short
girdle grows more than the hip time, hip girdle becomes trough-
girdle. shaped and bigger than the
shoulder girdle, breasts grow.
Beard, moustache, pubic and chest No hair on chest or abdomen.
hair grow.
Voice becomes deep and hoarse, High pitched voice.
low pitched voice.

10. Name the female and male sex hormones.


A. Oestrogen and androgen are the female and male sex hormone respectively.

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