Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 69 views

    Lecture 7-Stormwater Flow Estimation

    Uploaded by

    abenezer tesfaye kibret
    This document provides a summary of a lecture on estimating stormwater runoff design flow rates. The lecture covered definitions of stormwater and factors influencing stormwater quantity such as drainage area, rainfall intensity, and surface conditions. Methods for estimating stormwater runoff such as the Rational Method and computing runoff coefficients, rainfall intensities, time of concentration, and inlet time were presented. Examples of computing stormwater discharge using these methods were provided. Stormwater management objectives and using Manning's equation for channel geometry design were also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lecture 7-Stormwater Flow Estimation

    Uploaded by

    abenezer tesfaye kibret
    69 views21 pages
    This document provides a summary of a lecture on estimating stormwater runoff design flow rates. The lecture covered definitions of stormwater and factors influencing stormwater quantity such as drainage area, rainfall intensity, and surface conditions. Methods for estimating stormwater runoff such as the Rational Method and computing runoff coefficients, rainfall intensities, time of concentration, and inlet time were presented. Examples of computing stormwater discharge using these methods were provided. Stormwater management objectives and using Manning's equation for channel geometry design were also summarized.

    Original Title

    Lecture 7-Stormwater Flow Estimation (2)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides a summary of a lecture on estimating stormwater runoff design flow rates. The lecture covered definitions of stormwater and factors influencing stormwater quantity such as drainage area, rainfall intensity, and surface conditions. Methods for estimating stormwater runoff such as the Rational Method and computing runoff coefficients, rainfall intensities, time of concentration, and inlet time were presented. Examples of computing stormwater discharge using these methods were provided. Stormwater management objectives and using Manning's equation for channel geometry design were also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    69 views21 pages

    Lecture 7-Stormwater Flow Estimation

    Uploaded by

    abenezer tesfaye kibret
    This document provides a summary of a lecture on estimating stormwater runoff design flow rates. The lecture covered definitions of stormwater and factors influencing stormwater quantity such as drainage area, rainfall intensity, and surface conditions. Methods for estimating stormwater runoff such as the Rational Method and computing runoff coefficients, rainfall intensities, time of concentration, and inlet time were presented. Examples of computing stormwater discharge using these methods were provided. Stormwater management objectives and using Manning's equation for channel geometry design were also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 21

    Course: Sewage Treatment & Disposal

    Course Code: COTM – 3141

    Lec. 7: Estimation of the design flow rates of stormwater runoff

    Program: B.Sc (Construction Technology & Management)

    By: Dr. Dagnachew A.


    Chair of Infrastructure Design & Design

    16 April 2019
    Lecture contents

    Estimation of the design flow rates of stormwater runoff

    Examples

    Question & answer


    What is Stormwater?
    Stormwater is rainwater turned into
    runoff after it touches rooftops, streets,
    parking lots, lawns … etc.
    Or it is that portion of precipitation
    which flows over the ground during and a
    short time after a storm.

    Stormwater quantity depends on:

    1. Surface drainage area (ha)

    2. Rainfall intensity (mm/h)

    3. The condition of surface (runoff


    co-efficinet, C)
    Factors Affecting the Quantity of Stormwater
    The quantity of stormwater reaching to the drains is very large as
    compared with sanitary sewage.

    The factors affecting the quantity of stormwater flow are as below:

    Area of the catchment

    Slope and shape of the catchment area

    Porosity of the soil

    Obstruction in the flow of water as trees, fields, gardens, etc.

    Initial state of catchment area with respect to wetness.

    Intensity and duration of rainfall

    Atmospheric temperature and humidity

    Number and size of ditches present in the area


    Stormwater runoff computation
    Stormwater runoff computation methods
    attempt to mathematically reproduce or
    simulate the hydrologic cycle.
    They treat rainfall as an input, converting it into
    estimates of resultant runoff volume and/or
    rate.
    There are certain characteristics of both the
    rainfall event & the area upon which it falls that
    can influence the resulting runoff, including:

    1. High intensity rainfall will generally produce a greater peak discharge than a rainfall
    that occurs over a longer time period.
    2. Highly porous or permeable soils that can rapidly infiltrate rainfall generally
    produce less runoff volume than soils with more restrictive infiltration.
    3. Dense vegetation such as woodland intercepts and help infiltrates rainfall, thereby
    reducing runoff volumes and rates.
    4. Conversely, impervious areas such as roadways and rooftops prevent infiltration and
    increase runoff volumes and rates.
    5. Drainage areas with shorter times of concentration will have higher peak runoff
    rates than those with a longer Tc.
    Stormwater runoff estimation
    Rational Method
    This method is used to determine stormwater flow (Q),
    m3/s,
    It can be applied anywhere, up to 75 ha.

    Q=C*I*A
    Where ;
    I = Rainfall intensity (mm/hr)
    C = runoff coefficient
    A = catchment Area (ha)
    Runoff coefficient, C
    The runoff coefficient depends upon the porosity of soil cover,
    wetness and ground cover.

    The overall runoff coefficient, Weighted Average C, for the


    catchment area can be worked out as follows:
    Rainfall Intensity – Duration Relation
    Empirical formulae for rainfall intensities
    These relationships between rainfall intensity and duration are developed
    based on long term experience in field (Figure, below).
    For instance, in Indian, intensity of rainfall for design is usually b/n the
    range 12 mm/h to 20 mm/h.
    In general, the empirical relationship has the following forms:

    I = a/ (t + b)n
    Where;
    a, b & n = regional constants

    IDF curves
    Time of concentration
    It is the time required for the stormwater runoff to flow from the most remote
    part of the drainage area to the point under design/outlet.

    Time of concentration for B = inlet


    time PA + flow time AB
    tc = ti + tf
    Inlet Time, Ti
    It is the time required for the rain in falling on the most
    remote point of the tributary area to flow across the
    round surface along the natural drains or gutters up to
    inlet of sewer is called inlet time.
    It can be computed using the following equation:
    Ti = [0.885 *L3/H]0.385

    Ti = Time of inlet, minute


    L = Length of overland flow in Kilometer from critical
    point to mouth of drain
    H = Total fall of level from the critical point to mouth of
    drain, meter
    Example 1

    Time of flow (tf ):


    Rainfall coefficient, C
    It requires greatest exercise of judgment by engineer (LU-LC)

    It is an assumed constant, actually variable with time

    It is a function of infiltration capacity, interception by vegetation,

    depression storage, evapo-transpiration for each drainage area.


    Example 2
    Determine the stormwater discharge for a certain neighborhood. The
    catchment area is 100 hectares and the average coefficient of runoff is
    0.60. The time of concentration for the design rainfall is 30 min and the
    relation between intensity of rainfall and duration is I = 1000/(t + 20).
    Solution:
    Estimation of storm water discharge
    Intensity of rainfall, I = 1000/(t + 20)
    Therefore, I = 1000/(30 + 20) = 20 mm/h
    Hence, storm water runoff, Q = C.I.A/360
    = 0.6 x 20 x 100/(360) = 3.33 m3/sec
    Example 3
    The catchment area is of 300 hectares. The surface cover in the
    catchment can be classified as:

    Calculate the runoff coefficient and quantity of storm water runoff, if


    intensity of rainfall is 30 mm/h for rain with duration equal to time of
    concentration.
    Solution:
    Stormwater discharge estimation:
    Stormwater runoff management, SWM
    Objective of SWM:
    to minimize the adverse effects of development by mimicking,
    as closely as possible, the runoff characteristics of the site in its
    undeveloped state.
    These characteristics include:
    Moderation of runoff peak flows and volumes to minimize downstream
    erosion and damage to in-stream aquatic habitat.
    Removal of pollutants such as sediment, nutrients, pathological bacteria
    and heavy metals.
    Infiltration of rainfall to replenish the water table and provide stable base
    flow to streams.
    Channel Geometry
    The Manning’s Equation is the model of choice for determining the cross-section
    for a trapezoidal stormwater channel.
    It is applicable where:
    Stormwater is flowing under the influences of gravity, and
    Flow is steady – it does not vary with time (Although discharge does vary
    during the passage of a flood wave, it is essentially steady during the time
    around the peak, the time of interest in channel design.

    Q = A * V = A * ( 1/n * R2/3 * S1/2)


    Where: Q = Peak discharge to the channel (m3/s)
    n = Manning roughness coefficient (dimensionless)
    A = Cross-sectional area of flow (m2), the area through
    which flow takes place (see below)
    R = Hydraulic radius (m), found by dividing cross-sectional area, A, by
    wetted perimeter, P (see below)
    S = Longitudinal slope of the invert of the channel (m/m).
    Individual Assignment 2 (10%)

    Submission: 30.4.2019
    Thank you so much for your attention

    You might also like