Standard

Infrastructure – Network Power –

Substation – Design and Construction

CE-019-ST-0007
1
20/03/2020

Disclaimer: This document is developed solely and specifically for use on Melbourne metropolitan tram network managed by Yarra Trams. It is not suitable for any other purpose. You must not
use or adapt it or rely upon it in any way unless you are authorised in writing to do so by Yarra Trams. If this document forms part of a contract with Yarra Trams, this document constitutes a
“Policy and Procedure” for the purposes of that contract. This document is uncontrolled when printed or downloaded.Users should exercise their own skill and care or seek professional advice
in the use of the document. This document may not be current. Current standards are available for download internally from CDMS or from https://yarratrams.com.au/standards.
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Table of Contents
1 PURPOSE..................................................................................................................................................... 3
2 SCOPE ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
3 COMPLIANCE .............................................................................................................................................. 4
4 DC SUBSTATION REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................................. 5
4.1 General principals............................................................................................................................... 5
4.2 Functional requirements .................................................................................................................... 7
4.3 Electrical performance requirements .............................................................................................. 13
4.4 Service performance requirements ................................................................................................. 14
4.5 Design requirements ........................................................................................................................ 16
4.6 Construction requirements .............................................................................................................. 26
4.7 Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS) requirements ...................................... 28
4.8 Documentation requirements.......................................................................................................... 29
5 DIAGRAMS AND GUIDANCE ..................................................................................................................... 33
5.1 Single line diagram of a DC traction substation ............................................................................... 33
6 RELATED LEGISLATION & DOCUMENTS ................................................................................................... 34
DOCUMENT VERSION CONTROL ...................................................................................................................... 36
APPENDIX A – GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................. 37
APPENDIX B – TENDER REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................................... 40
APPENDIX C – INNOVATION ............................................................................................................................. 42
APPENDIX D – ECO-FRIENDLY DESIGN ............................................................................................................. 43
APPENDIX E – ASSET NAMING CONVENTIONS ................................................................................................ 44
E1 Substations .............................................................................................................................................. 44
E2 Electrical sections .................................................................................................................................... 45
E3 Feeder cables........................................................................................................................................... 45
E4 Substation equipment ............................................................................................................................. 46
APPENDIX F – DC REACTORS AND HARMONIC FILTERS ................................................................................... 47

Document Number: CE-019-ST-0007 Document Author: Allen Tam

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1 PURPOSE
The purpose of this standard is to specify the minimum requirements for design, construction, integration,
commissioning and through life support of DC traction substations, which are to be installed on the Yarra
Trams network.
The configuration, ratings and any other project specific equipment details shall be provided by Yarra Trams
in the accompanying Scope of Works document.

2 SCOPE
The scope of this standard encompasses requirements for all new DC traction substations.
This standard does not apply retrospectively to existing DC traction substations on the Yarra Trams network.
However, this standard is applicable if an existing DC traction substation is being altered, modified or
replaced.
The scope of this document includes:
• All equipment which is located within the property limit of the DC traction substation;
• The 750 V DC positive system which includes the positive feeder cables, conduits and pits from
the DC traction substation up to and including the cable termination at the interface with either
the overhead wiring system (e.g. an overhead switch or feeder tap to trolley) or an existing cable
termination (e.g. a pillar box or existing cable pit); and
• The DC negative return system which includes the negative feeder cables and buses, conduits
and pits from the substation up to and including the rail bonds.
The scope of this document does not include:
• Positive feeder cable supports and protection (armour) at the point of termination as well as
overhead switches and pillar boxes; and
• Remote negative cables (aerial or underground).
The requirements in this standard have been derived from the following sources:
• International and Australian Standards listed in section 6: Related legislation and documents
• Local subject matter experts within Yarra Trams and suppliers to Yarra Trams.
• PSU-2.6-SP-A-0001 rev 1.2 - General Design Requirements;
• PSU-2.6-SP-A-0016 rev 1.2 – DC Reactor and Harmonic Filter Specification;
• VRIOGS 010.3: Railway Traction Substation Design Standard Revision A 08/09/2009; and
• VRIOGS 010.4: Railway Traction Substation Construction Standard Revision A 08/09/2009.
The scope items outlined in Table 1, which were previously included in one or more of the above superseded
documents, are excluded from this standard and have been addressed in other Yarra Trams documents as
appropriate:

Table 1: Superseded documents – Excluded scope items

Superseded document Scope items Relevant Yarra Trams document

VRIOGS 010.3 Section 4.0 Traction power supply Infrastructure - Network Power - Traction
system design Power – Design and Construction (CE-023-ST-
0032)

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Superseded document Scope items Relevant Yarra Trams document

VRIOGS 010.3 Section 5.0 Safety in design Safety in Design (SS-021-PR-0001)
VRIOGS 010.3 Section 6.0 Risk management Project Risk Management (PR-016-PR-0001)
VRIOGS 010.3 Section 7.0 Building design Building Specification (IN-021-ST-0006)
VRIOGS 010.3 Section 8.0 Traction power supply Equipment specifications, as appropriate.
detail design
VRIOGS 010.3 Section 12.0 Review and approval Manage Design Procedure (CE-021-PR-0006)
process in design
VRIOGS 010.4 Section 5.0 Site safety TBC
VRIOGS 010.4 Section 6.0 Risk management Project Risk Management (PR-016-PR-0001)
VRIOGS 010.4 Section 8.0 Communications TBC

This standard applies to any party who is involved in the specification, design, construction, integration
and through life support of DC traction substations for Yarra Trams.

3 COMPLIANCE
Any party who is involved in the specification, design, construction, installation, test or commissioning of DC
traction substations for Yarra Trams shall fully comply with this standard.
Deviation from this standard is only permitted when a deviation or waiver has been formally requested and
approved by the Engineering Design Authority at Yarra Trams.
The Yarra Trams Engineering Change Management Procedure (CE-021-PR-0020) shall be followed in all
circumstances where change is proposed to this standard.
‘Shall’ statements are mandatory in the context of compliance with requirements stipulated in this standard.
‘Should’ statements are considerations in the context of compliance with requirements stipulated in this
standard.
‘Information’ statements provide additional content for clarification purposes only and are not requirements
in the context of compliance with this standard.
‘So far as is reasonably practicable’ statements must at a minimum result in the provision of a technical risk
assessment including proposed list of design controls to demonstrate compliance to this standard.
Any party who is involved in the specification, design, construction, installation, test or commissioning of DC
traction substations for Yarra Trams shall complete and return a statement of compliance for this standard.
Assessment of compliance shall be provided for each requirement, defined by one of three permissible
responses:
• Compliant;
• Partially compliant; or
• Non-compliant.

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4 DC SUBSTATION REQUIREMENTS
4.1 General principals
4.1.1 Design principles
4.1.1.1 All design activity shall be undertaken by engineers with engineering design competency accepted
and delegated by Yarra Trams in accordance with the Engineering Design Authority Procedure (CE-
021-PR-0019).
4.1.1.2 The Designer shall identify discrepancies in referenced documentation and seek clarification from
Yarra Trams, as required.
Statement of compliance and deviation procedure
Information: As outlined in APPENDIX B – TENDER REQUIREMENTS of this standard and each equipment
specification, the Designer shall return a statement of compliance.
Yarra Trams recognises that it may not always be practicable to fully comply with all standards and
specifications at all times. In some conditions, a better outcome could be achieved for Yarra Trams through
an alternative approach. In such circumstances, an approval of deviation to the standard or specification shall
be sought. An approved deviation from the standard or specification is required before procurement,
implementation or construction. Deviation is only permitted when a deviation or waiver has been formally
requested and approved by the Engineering Design Authority at Yarra Trams. The deviation procedures below
shall be followed. The deviation procedures for ‘standards’ and ‘specifications’ are different and are clarified
below.
Deviation procedure for standards
4.1.1.3 The Designer shall follow the Deviation from Standards Procedure (CE-021-PR-0004).
Deviation procedure for specifications
4.1.1.4 The Designer shall:
• Return a statement of compliance to the specification, with the deviations highlighted;
• Submit the statement of compliance to the specification, with the deviations highlighted,
through the Engineering Change Management System; and
• Receive notification of approval or rejection through the Engineering Change Management
System.

4.1.2 Design procedure

4.1.2.1 The design procedure shall comply with the requirements of the Manage Design Procedure (CE-
021-PR-0006).
Information: This procedure requires consideration of design constructability, safety in design, RAMS, human
factors, design sustainability, single design platform, security in design, design competency and all relevant
statutory requirements.
4.1.2.2 The Designer shall provide the design documentation deliverables outlined in section 4.8 of this
standard and in each equipment specification.

4.1.3 Human factors

4.1.3.1 The Designer shall consider the following:
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• Yarra Trams’ operational training, staffing and resourcing requirements;

• Lifting/manoeuvring of heavy equipment to and from the building and switchyard;
• Building and switchyard design which shall allow for heavy loads and large doors/gates;
• Allowance for pulling heavy cables through conduits/ducts/trays;
• All electrical equipment shall be capable of being operated and maintained by a 5 to 95
percentile person;
• Safe and unrestricted access to all parts of equipment where operations and settings have to be
carried out;
• Safe and unrestricted access to all maintainable parts for inspection, maintenance and
emergency situations;
• Accessibility requirements described in the relevant regulations and standards for public
transport in Victoria.

4.1.4 Safety
4.1.4.1 The Designer shall comply with the requirements of Safety in Design (SS-021-PR-0001).
4.1.4.2 The Designer shall ensure that the design of the substation and its equipment incorporates safety
to humans for all aspects of the equipment life cycle.
4.1.4.3 The Designer shall consider the safety in design prompts in Table 2:
Table 2: Safety in design - Prompts

Guideword Prompts
Dual supply LV auxiliary supplies;
Foreign voltage On running rails;
On the overhead wiring system;
Fail-safe system Damage to equipment;
Human injury;
Inadvertent operation of critical equipment;
Interlocks;
SCADA logic;
Component reliability Known/unknown reliability;
Unpredictable failure modes;
Proven in service;

4.1.4.4 The following safety principles shall be followed in the design and operation of the substation:
• The system design shall require positive actions to be taken in a prescribed manner to either
begin or continue system operation;
• The safety of the system in the normal automatic operating mode shall not depend on the
correctness of actions or procedures used by operating personnel;
• There shall be no single-point failures in the system that can result in an unacceptable or
undesirable hazard condition;

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• If one failure combines with a second failure, which can cause an unacceptable or undesirable
hazard condition, the first failure shall be detected and the system shall achieve a known safe
state before a second failure can occur;
• Software faults shall not cause an unacceptable or undesirable hazard condition;
• Interlocking shall be included in the design of equipment to prevent incorrect operation of
equipment and inadvertent access to hazardous environments within the substation (see
section 4.5.5); and
• The design shall ensure that isolated sections of an installation cannot be inadvertently
energised from parallel connected secondary sources (for example auxiliary transformers is
supplied from the star secondary winding of the rectifier transformer).

4.1.5 Risk management

4.1.5.1 The Designer shall comply with the requirements of Project Risk Management (PR-016-PR-0001).
4.1.5.2 The Designer shall document the risk management process and also maintain an up to date risk
register using the latest Yarra Trams template document.

4.1.6 Waste management and hazardous substances

4.1.6.1 Regarding waste management, the Designer shall comply with the following:
• Environment Protection Act; and
• The Environment Protection (Industrial Waste Resource) Regulations 2009.
4.1.6.2 The following hazardous substances shall not to be used in any part of the substation installation:
• Asbestos;
• Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs);
• Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6);
• Lead;
• Mercury; and
• Cadmium.

4.2 Functional requirements

Information: Yarra Trams publishes specifications that detail the technical requirements for components of a
substation aligned with the requirements in this standard. Specifications are provided with tender documents
and published for use by Designers. Specifications for substation components should be obtained from Yarra
Trams and read in conjunction with the functional requirements described below.

4.2.1 General
4.2.1.1 The DC traction substation shall contain the following major subsystems:
• Incoming high voltage power supply system;
• Rectification system;
• 750 V DC positive system;
• DC negative return system;
• Earthing system;
• Electrolysis mitigation system;

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• Low voltage auxiliary power supply system;

• Control and SCADA systems; and
• Substation building and ancillaries’ system.
Information: Figure 5 provides a typical single line diagram of a single rectifier DC traction substation. This
diagram may be used as reference by the Designer. Yarra Trams are in the process of developing a standard
DC traction substation design, which will be made available on PTV DMS.
4.2.1.2 Unless stated otherwise, the Designer is fully responsible for the design of all subsystems and
groups of equipment which are contained within the DC traction substation.
Information: For brownfield substations, the responsibility of the Designer may be limited to specific
subsystems and groups of equipment within the DC traction substation.

4.2.2 Incoming high voltage power supply system

4.2.2.1 The Scope of Works shall specify which Distribution Network Service Provider will supply power to
the substation and the characteristics of that power supply. Unless stated otherwise, the incoming
supply shall be three-phase high voltage AC at a frequency of 50 Hz and the voltage shall be one of
the following: 6.6 kV, 11 kV or 22 kV.
Information: The incoming high voltage power supply is owned and operated by a Distribution Network
Service Provider that is external to Yarra Trams.
4.2.2.2 The Distribution Network Service Provider may have special requirements, in addition to the
standard requirements defined in the Electricity Distribution Code. The Designer shall ensure that
the substation meets these requirements.
4.2.2.3 The incoming high voltage power supply system shall include, but is not limited to, the following
equipment:
• Supply high voltage AC cables, conduits and pits;
• High voltage AC switchgear and the associated control system consisting of, but not limited to:
• HV circuit breakers
• Earthing switches
• Current transformers
• Voltage transformers
• Protections relays
• Metering equipment;
• Interconnecting HV AC power cables, pits and conduits; and
• Interfaces with the high voltage earthing system, substation earthing system, rectification
system and control system.
Information: Most of this equipment is typically located inside the substation.
4.2.2.4 The incoming high voltage power supply system shall comply with the Yarra Trams specifications
for the following components (to be provided):
• HV AC Switchgear and Control;
• Transducer and Measurement Device;
• Cables; and
• Outdoor Cable Pits.

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4.2.3 Rectification system

4.2.3.1 The rectification system shall convert the incoming HV AC power supply to 750 V DC. The
rectification system shall include, but is not limited to, the following equipment:
• Rectifier transformer;
• Rectifier converter;
• Interconnecting power cables, conduits and pits; and
• Interfaces with the incoming high voltage supply, 750 V DC positive system, DC negative system,
low voltage auxiliary system, electrolysis mitigation system, substation earthing system and
control system.
4.2.3.2 The rectification system shall comply with the Yarra Trams specifications for the following:
• Rectifier Transformers;
• Rectifier Converters;
• Transducer and Measurement Devices; and
• Cables.

4.2.3.3 In multiple rectifier unit substations, it shall not be possible to close both HV supply circuit breakers
and the HV tie circuit breaker together and thus connect the two incoming HV AC supplies. However
the outputs of the rectifiers may be connected to the same 750 V DC bus.
Information: The Yarra Trams preference is to have a tie breaker between the incoming high voltage feeder
breakers. The designer should consult with the electricity supply authority to determine the authorised
configuration of the HV switchboard. If a tie breaker is allowed, it should not be possible to close both HV
supply circuit breakers and the HV tie circuit breaker together and thus connect the two incoming HV AC
supplies. The HV tie-breaker interlocking scheme should be approved by the electricity supply authority. The
outputs of the rectifiers may be connected to the same 750 V DC bus.

4.2.4 750 V DC positive system

4.2.4.1 The 750 V DC positive system shall transfer power from the rectification system to the overhead
wiring system. The 750 V DC positive system shall include, but is not limited to, the following
equipment:
• 750 V DC rectifier circuit breaker panel(s) (includes the circuit breakers, short-circuiting
switches, protection relays and associated control systems);
• 750 V DC positive bus
• 750 V DC transfer bus;
• 750 V DC bus-tie circuit breakers (for split bus arrangements);
• 750 V DC feeder panels (includes the feeder circuit breakers, transfer buses, short-circuiting
switches, protection relays and associated control systems);
• 750 V DC positive links or outgoing substation feeder external isolators;
• 750 V DC positive feeder cables, conduits and pits from the DC traction substation up to and
including the cable termination at the interface with either the overhead wiring system (e.g. an
overhead switch or feeder tap to trolley) or an existing cable termination (e.g. a pillar box or
existing cable pit);
• Interconnecting 750 V DC power cables, conduits and pits (includes 750 V positive cables and
short-circuiting leads);

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• Interfaces with the rectification system, control system, DC negative system and substation
earthing system.
4.2.4.2 The 750 V DC positive system shall comply with the Yarra Trams specifications for the following
components:
• 750 V DC Switchgear and Control;
• External Isolator;
• Transducer and Measurement Devices;
• Cables; and
• Outdoor Cable Pits.
Information: Unless stated otherwise, the Designer shall not be responsible for providing protection settings
for the 750 V DC positive system because these are highly dependent on tram operational requirements and
the overhead system configuration. Yarra Trams will provide the protection settings.

4.2.5 DC negative return system

4.2.5.1 In combination with the rails, the DC negative return system shall ensure the traction current
returns to the substation. The DC negative return system shall include, but is not limited to, the
following equipment:
• Negative cubicle (includes main substation negative bus, negative isolators and measurement
shunts);
• DC negative cables, DC negative feeder cables, rail bonds, conduits and pits;
• Voltage limiting device; and
• Interfaces with the rectification system, 750 V DC positive system, electrolysis mitigation system
and substation earthing system.
4.2.5.2 The DC negative return system shall comply with Yarra Trams specifications for the following
components:
• Negative Cubicle Specification;
• Transducer and Measurement Device Specification;
• Voltage Limiting Device Specification;
• Cable Specification; and
• Outdoor Cable Pit Specification.
4.2.5.3 The DC negative return system shall include the negative feeder cables and buses, conduits and
pits from the substation up to and including the rail bonds.
4.2.5.4 All traction bonding connections shall contain a minimum of two DC negative feeder cables each
rated for the full normal current (or three cables each rated for half the normal current) installed
between the rail bond and the main substation negative bus.
4.2.5.5 The negative rail bonds shall comply with Drawing STD_T3000 and Drawing STD_T3001.
4.2.5.6 The dc outgoing negative cables shall be accessible in the substation to enable access for negative
current measurement by clamp on ammeters.
Information: The bonding cables and cable connections are the part of the traction current return path most
vulnerable to damage or vandalism. Consequently, the design of all traction bonding connections shall allow
for at least one parallel cable or connection to become disconnected. In this circumstance the remaining

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cables or connections shall still allow the normal designed return traction current to flow without causing
further damage.

4.2.6 Earthing system

4.2.6.1 The earthing system shall maintain the safety of the operators, public and equipment at all times.
The earthing system shall include, but is not limited to, the following equipment:
• Substation earth grid and associated equipment (e.g. electrodes);
• Equipotential bonds;
• Frame leakage protection;
• Interfaces with the internal substation equipment, control system, voltage limiting device,
electrolysis mitigation system, adjacent earthing systems and external metallic infrastructure
within the influence of the substation earthing system (e.g. fences, water pipes).
4.2.6.2 The earthing system shall comply with the design requirements outlined in section 4.5.3 of this
document and the Yarra Trams specifications for the following components:
• Negative Cubicles.

4.2.7 Electrolysis mitigation system

4.2.7.1 The electrolysis mitigation system shall comply with Yarra Trams Standard, Infrastructure - Network
Power - Traction Power – Design and Construction (CE-021-ST-0037). The electrolysis mitigation
system shall always include, but is not limited to, the following equipment:
• Electrolysis mitigation cubicle (with provision for the future installation of electrolysis mitigation
equipment, supplied by the VEC);
• Electrolysis drainage bus, including removable link(s);
• Measurement shunt;
• Interconnecting cables; and
• Interfaces with the DC negative return system, rectification system, auxiliary power supply
system and control system.
4.2.7.2 The VEC shall determine if electrolysis mitigation equipment is required in the substation, on a ‘site-
by-site’ basis. If required, the electrolysis mitigation equipment shall be supplied by the VEC.
Information: The VEC Resource Manual provides information on the types of stray current mitigation systems
including, but not limited to, thyristor drainage units (TDU) and DC supply units.
4.2.7.3 If electrolysis mitigation equipment is required, the Designer shall integrate the equipment into the
substation and implement the electrolysis mitigation system design and settings under the
guidance of the VEC.
4.2.7.4 The electrolysis mitigation system shall comply with the Yarra Trams specifications for the following
components:
• Electrolysis Mitigation Cubicle;
• Negative Cubicle;
• Transducer and Measurement Devices; and
• Cables.

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4.2.8 Low voltage auxiliary power supply system

4.2.8.1 The low voltage auxiliary power supply system shall include the following systems:
• 400 or 415 V AC RMS auxiliary power supply: This shall provide power for equipment such as
the substation lighting, general power outlets and the battery charger.
• 48 V DC reliable auxiliary power supply: In the event of a temporary loss of the AC auxiliary
power supply, substation batteries shall provide power to essential equipment (e.g. the control
system) until the AC auxiliary power supply can be restored.
4.2.8.2 The low voltage auxiliary power supply system shall include, but is not limited to, the following
equipment:
• Auxiliary power transformers;
• Associated switching and control system;
• Battery and battery charger;
• Low voltage AC and DC switchboards;
• Interconnecting cables; and
• Interfaces with substation equipment.
4.2.8.3 The low voltage auxiliary power supply system shall comply with the Yara Trams specifications for
the following components:
• Auxiliary Transformer;
• LV Switchboards;
• Battery and Battery Charger; and
• Cables.

4.2.9 Control and SCADA systems

4.2.9.1 The control and SCADA systems shall provide indication of equipment status and remote control of
equipment from the Power and Operations Centre. The substation shall be suitably designed so
that it may be generally unattended unless equipment inspections, operation or maintenance are
being undertaken. Substation local control shall be designed, wherever possible, to enable
operators to perform switching remote to substation equipment and in controlled and protected
areas.
The control and SCADA systems shall include, but is not limited to, the following equipment:
• SCADA cubicle;
• VicTrack communications cubicle; and
• Substation equipment control systems.
4.2.9.2 The control and SCADA systems shall comply with the design requirements outlined in section 4.5.7
of this document, each individual specification and the Yarra Trams specifications for the following
components:
• SCADA Cubicle and VicTrack Communications Cubicle; and
• Cables.

4.2.10 Substation building and ancillaries system

4.2.10.1 The substation building and ancillaries system, including civil works (e.g. drainage, water, sewerage,
etc.) shall comply with the Yarra Trams specifications for the following components:
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• Buildings; and
• Outdoor Cable Pits.

4.3 Electrical performance requirements

4.3.1 AC system
4.3.1.1 Unless stated otherwise, the substation shall comply with the Electricity Distribution Code. This
includes, but is not limited to:
• Compliance with customer obligations;
• Ensuring substation operation at its nominal performance under the conditions in section 4
Quality of Supply of the Electricity Distribution Code; and
• Ensuring the substation equipment is suitable for the fault levels in section 7.8 and Table 5 of
the Electricity Distribution Code.
Voltage
4.3.1.2 In accordance with section 4.2 and Table 1 of the Electricity Distribution Code, the substation shall
operate at its nominal performance when the standard nominal voltage variations occur from the
Distribution Network Service Provider.
Power factor
4.3.1.3 The substation shall comply with the power factor customer obligations in accordance with section
4.3 and Table 2 of the Electricity Distribution Code.
4.3.1.4 The apparent and active power considered for the calculation are the powers integrated over a
fifteen or thirty minute period. The Designer shall confirm this calculation methodology with Yarra
Trams and the Distribution Network Service Provider.
Harmonics
4.3.1.5 In accordance with section 4.4 and Table 3 of the Electricity Distribution Code, the substation shall
operate at its nominal performance when the voltage harmonic distortion limits occur from the
Distribution Network Service Provider at the point of common coupling.
4.3.1.6 The substation current harmonics at the point of common coupling shall comply with the current
harmonic distortion limits customer obligations in accordance with section 4.4 and Table 4 of the
Electricity Distribution Code.
Load balance
4.3.1.7 The currents in each phase of all three phase electrical installations shall comply with the load
balance customer obligations in accordance with section 4.7 of the Electricity Distribution Code.
Disturbing loads
4.3.1.8 The substation equipment shall comply with the voltage fluctuation customer obligations at the
point of common coupling in accordance with section 4.8 of the Electricity Distribution Code.
HV AC fault levels
4.3.1.9 The substation equipment shall be suitable for the distribution system fault levels in accordance
with section 7.8 and Table 5 of the Electricity Distribution Code.

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4.3.1.10 The equipment shall be capable of carrying the short circuit current when a direct bolted short
circuit is applied across the positive and negative DC bus for the time required for the AC
overcurrent protection to effectively clear the fault, or 200ms, whichever is the longest.

4.3.2 750 V DC system

Voltage
4.3.2.1 The traction power voltage requirements shall comply with the Yarra Trams Standard,
Infrastructure - Network Power - Traction Power – Design and Construction (CE-021-ST-0037).
750 V DC fault levels
4.3.2.2 The Designer shall allow for the maximum DC bus fault level at the specified system voltage (noting
that supply nominal voltage of 6.6 kV may be increased to 11 kV at a later date).
4.3.2.3 The Designer shall ensure that all circuit paths that feed the faults are rated to take the DC fault
current until the AC protection operates.

4.3.3 Reliable auxiliary supply | Control voltage

4.3.3.1 The rated nominal voltage of closing and opening devices and of auxiliary and control circuits shall
be 48 V DC supplied by a substation battery.
4.3.3.2 Unless stated otherwise, the control voltage shall comply with the requirements of section 4.8 of
AS 62271.1.

4.4 Service performance requirements

4.4.1 Operating conditions
4.4.1.1 Unless stated otherwise, DC traction substation equipment and subsystems shall operate at their
nominal performance under the operating conditions outlined in Table 3.
Table 3: Operating conditions

Description Indoor equipment Outdoor2 equipment

(including underground)
Ambient air temperature -5 ˚C to +50 ˚C -5 ˚C to +50 ˚C
Relative humidity Up to 95% (condensation Up to 95% (condensation
may occasionally occur) may occasionally occur)
Altitude Up to 1000 m Up to 1000 m
External vibration and seismic tremors Negligible1 Negligible1
Solar radiation Negligible 1.1 kW/m2 (equivalent to
black body temperature of
80°C)
Pollution degree PD3A (According to Table A.4 PD4 (According to Table A.4
of EN 50124-1) of EN 50124-1)
1Unless stated otherwise, the Designer may neglect seismic tremors vibrations caused by sources external
to the substation.
2It is assumed that the equipment is in shade and protected from direct sunlight.

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4.4.1.2 The Designer shall prevent condensation in situations where equipment performance may be
compromised by its presence. Prevention methods may include, for example, special design of the
building or housing, suitable ventilation and heating of the substation or use of dehumidifying
equipment. External conduits and pits should be segregated form substation environments and
should not allow excessive moisture to enter the substation environment.

4.4.2 Transport and storage conditions

4.4.2.1 Unless stated otherwise, DC traction substation equipment and subsystems shall be subject to the
following transport and storage conditions:
• Minimum ambient temperature: -25 ˚C;
• Maximum ambient temperature: 55 ˚C; and
• Anticipated high levels of shock, vibration and inclination during transportation to site.

4.4.3 Noise
4.4.3.1 Unless stated otherwise, the Designer shall submit a Noise Report which provides evidence of
compliance and includes at least the following:
• Design considerations and plan for compliance;
• Noise level measurements on site prior to construction works commencing; and
• Noise level measurements on site upon completion of commissioning of the electrical
equipment.
Inside the DC traction substation
4.4.3.2 Noise levels inside the substation shall comply with all requirements of the Occupational Health
and Safety Act. In particular, the noise levels shall comply with the WorkSafe Victoria Compliance
code: Noise.
4.4.3.3 In addition to the industry defined limits, Yarra Trams have defined a reduced noise exposure level:
The noise exposure level inside a DC traction substation shall not exceed 75 dB(A) averaged over
an eight-hour period.
Outside the DC traction substation
4.4.3.4 Noise levels outside the substation shall comply with all requirements of the Environment
Protection Authority Victoria. In particular, the noise levels shall comply with the State Environment
Protection Policy (Control of Noise from Commerce, Industry and Trade) No. N-1.

4.4.4 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

4.4.4.1 Unless stated otherwise, the Designer shall submit an Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Report
which provides evidence of compliance and includes at least the following:
• Design considerations and plan for compliance;
• EMC measurements on site prior to construction works commencing; and
• EMC measurements on site upon completion of commissioning of the electrical equipment.
4.4.4.2 All equipment and subsystems within a DC traction substation and the DC traction substation itself
shall comply with the following standards, in regard to electromagnetic field emissions and
immunity:
• EN 50121-1;
• EN 50121-2; and
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• EN 50121-5.
4.4.4.3 All equipment and subsystems within a DC traction substation and the DC traction substation itself
shall comply with the following standards, regarding exposure limits for electromagnetic fields:
• Victorian Traction Industry Electrical Safety Rules (The Orange Book);
• ICNIRP Guidelines: Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields
(1 Hz to 100 kHz); and
• ICNIRP Guidelines: Guidelines for limiting exposure to electric fields induced by movement of
the human body in a static magnetic field and by time-varying magnetic fields below 1 Hz.

4.4.5 Special conditions

4.4.5.1 The Designer shall consider specific situations where a substation or its equipment are exposed to
special service conditions. Situations may include, but are not limited to:
• A substation is to be installed near a main arterial road or factory and therefore may be subject
to abnormal levels of pollutants and dust;
• A substation is to be installed in a very exposed area and therefore the substation building
and/or outdoor equipment may be subject to significant adverse wind conditions;
• A substation is to be installed in an area where it may be affected by small animals or micro-
organisms;
• A substation is to be installed close to the ocean and therefore may be subject to abnormal
levels of salt in the air;
• A substation is installed in publicly accessible areas or without appropriate fencing; or
• A substation is installed in close proximity to road or tram traffic.
Information: In these specific situations, the Scope of Works shall specify any special design requirements for
the substation.

4.5 Design requirements

4.5.1 General
4.5.1.1 The substation shall comply with AS 2067.

4.5.2 Insulation coordination

4.5.2.1 Insulation coordination shall comply with the general principles established in AS 2067 and EN
50124-1. The applicable insulation levels and clearances from these standards are provided in Table
4 and Table 5.

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Table 4: AC insulations levels and clearances

Rated short
Rated
duration Minimum Minimum Non-
Highest lightning Ground
Nominal voltage, power phase-to- phase-to- flashover
voltage, impulse safety
Un frequency earth phase distance,
Um withstand clearance
[r.m.s] withstand clearance clearance N
[kV r.m.s] voltage, Up [mm]
voltage, Ud [mm] [mm] [mm]
[kV peak]
[kV r.m.s]
230 V / 400 V AC D D D D D D D
or;
240 V / 415 V AC
6.6 kV AC 7.2 20 60 90 105 100 2440
11 kV AC 12 28 95 160 185 175 2440
22 kV AC 24 50 150 280 325 310 2440
D: To be determined by the Designer.

Table 5: DC insulations levels and clearances

Nominal Rated Rated OV Rated Power Minimum

voltage, Un voltage, UNe insulation impulse frequency clearances in
[kV] [kV] voltage, UNm voltage, UNi withstand air for the
[kV] [kV] voltage level, standard
Ua [kV] altitude
ranges1 [mm]

0.6 0.72 0.9 4 8 3.6 14

1This value is based on PD4 pollution degree.

4.5.2.2 The Designer is fully responsible for providing suitable insulations levels for the equipment and shall
verify the values in Table 4 and Table 5.
4.5.2.3 The nominal voltage of 6.6 kV is included for completeness but is a non-preferred voltage for new
installations. If the substation supply nominal voltage is 6.6 kV, the design of all HV AC equipment
shall allow the substation supply nominal voltage to be increased to 11 kV at a later date. The
applicable HV AC equipment includes, but is not limited to:
• HV AC switchgear and control;
• HV AC power cables;
• Metering equipment;
• Rectifier transformer; and
• Auxiliary transformer (if connected to HV AC).
4.5.2.4 Safety clearances for operational purposes and maintenance work shall be in accordance with Table
3.1 of AS 2067 and the Electrical Infrastructure Safety Rules (known as the Yellow Book) (IN-002-
ST-0002).
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4.5.2.5 In accordance with clause 3.2 of AS 2067, the choice of the insulation levels should consider the
method of neutral earthing in the system and the characteristics and locations of overvoltage
limiting devices to be installed.
Information: If the Designer can prove to Yarra Trams that lower insulation levels can be achieved through
appropriate choice of surge protection, the rated lightning impulse withstand voltage requirements in Table
4 may be relaxed.

4.5.3 Earthing and bonding

General
4.5.3.1 The earthing and bonding system shall comply with:
• AS 2067;
• All safety criteria within other standards and guidelines in accordance with clause 8.4.7.4 of AS
2067;
• ENA EG1 – Substation Earthing Guide;
• AS 3000; and
• EN 50123-7-1.
4.5.3.2 Unless stated otherwise, the Designer shall submit an Earthing Report which provides evidence of
compliance and includes at least the following:
• Design considerations and plan for compliance;
• Soil resistivity test results;
• Field test results, validating the earthing grid; and
• All other items listed in clause 8.9 of AS 2067.
4.5.3.3 The complete earthing system design and construction is the responsibility of the Designer and
shall provide safety (both within and outside the substation fence) to all personnel (including the
public), as well as protection of all equipment from damage during fault conditions. In particular,
the Designer shall apply the following principles:
• The Designer shall use the design procedure in accordance with clause 8.4 of AS 2067;
• In accordance with clause 8.4.4.6 of AS 2067, the responsibility of the Designer includes
consideration of interactions with surrounding systems;
• In accordance with clause 8.4.6.3 (ii) of AS 2067, the earthing system shall be vandal resistant
and have physical protection from activities that may be carried out in the vicinity;
• The earthing system construction shall include reference measurement points for future earth
testing;
• The substation earthing system shall contain a buried earth grid beneath the building and
switchyard;
• In accordance with clause B1.1 of AS 2067, the earthing system shall adopt the ‘combined
earthing system’ principle.
• The earth grid system shall be designed for installation at a nominal depth of 500 mm below
foundations level;
• The earth grid shall continue under and around the switchyard and be designed such that safe
step, touch and transfer potentials are achieved;
• Sub-ground jointing shall be by cadwelding or brazing;

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• The design shall provide for the connection of a substation main earth bar to the outside earth
grid. There shall be some means to visually and electrically confirm the connection of the
substation main earth bar to the external earth grid. The disconnection point for testing shall be
at the main earth bar. In accordance with clause B1.1 (f) of AS 2067, facilities should be provided
to test earth electrodes without disconnection of the earthing system from the energized
substation;
• The design shall provide for connection of earth grid to building reinforcing bars; and
• The Designer shall conduct all six field tests listed in clause 8.8 of AS 2067.
4.5.3.4 Unless stated otherwise, the Yarra Trams earthing system shall be separate from the Distribution
Network Service Provider earthing system.
4.5.3.5 In the Melbourne tram network, the 750 V DC system is unearthed, while the high voltage and low
voltage AC systems are earthed. Unless stated otherwise, the frame of 750 V DC cubicles and 750
V DC cable trays shall be connected to earth in accordance with Figure 1. The insulating material,
installed between the frame of 750 V DC cubicles and earth or the 750 V DC cable trays and earth,
shall provide an isolation resistance of at least 1 MΩ.
Information: Some older substation designs may have 750 V DC cubicles and/or cable trays bonded to the
negative return system, in contrast to Figure 1. The Designer shall pay careful attention to such installations
and shall consult Yarra Trams to discuss the 750 V DC cubicle and cable tray earthing and bonding principle.

750 V DC cubicle

U> VLD Insulating I>

material Frame leakage
Return circuit
relay

earth
Figure 1: 750 V DC system earthing principle (Adapted from EN 50123-7-1 Figure 4a)

4.5.3.6 The Designer shall ensure that at all times, personnel in the vicinity of all substation equipment are
adequately protected from hazardous step and touch potentials and that there is sufficient physical
separation between equipment that is earthed and equipment that is connected to the 750 V DC
negative system so that substation personnel cannot inadvertently make contact with both types
of equipment at the same time.
Frame leakage protection relay
4.5.3.7 In accordance with Figure 1Figure 1, frame leakage protection relay(s) shall be provided and
connected between the following:
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• The frame of 750 V DC cubicles and earth; and

• 750 V DC cable trays and earth.
Information: The number of relays to be provided and their respective location are defined in the
Specifications and/or the Scope of Works.
4.5.3.8 If a breakdown occurs between the frame of any 750 V DC cubicle or 750 V DC cable tray and earth
causing a current to flow, the frame leakage relay shall operate. In accordance with clause 6.5.7 of
EN 50123-7-7, detection of a frame fault shall cause a mass trip of all in feeds to the 750 V DC
cubicle or 750 V DC cable tray to isolate the fault.
Voltage limiting device
4.5.3.9 Voltage limiting device(s) shall be provided and connected between the main substation negative
bus and the earth bus.
Information: The number of devices to be provided and their respective location are defined in the equipment
specifications and/or the Scope of Works.
4.5.3.10 Requirements for the voltage limiting device(s) are given in the Voltage Limiting Device
Specification (IN-021-ST-0011).

4.5.4 Protection
General requirements
4.5.4.1 Unless stated otherwise, the protection system shall comply with the requirements of the
equipment specifications and the following standards:
• HV AC protection system: AS 2067 and AS 3851; and
• 750 V DC protection system: EN 50123-1, EN 50123-2, EN 50123-7-1.
4.5.4.2 At all times, the primary consideration for the protection system shall be to protect persons
exposed to the traction power system (e.g. substation staff or members of the public). A secondary
consideration is to protect electrical equipment and a final consideration is to minimise delays to
operations.
4.5.4.3 Unless stated otherwise, in consultation with Yarra Trams, the Designer shall provide suitable
protection settings for all protective devices in the substation except those devices related to the
protection of the outgoing 750 V DC positive feeder cables (i.e. the normal scope shall include
settings for incoming high voltage supply, low voltage auxiliary supply, battery charger, rectification
system, 750 V DC rectifier and bus tie circuit breakers, 750 V DC positive bus, but excludes 750 V
DC feeder circuit breakers and the associated protection relays). The protection settings shall not
interfere with the design output capability of the substation.
4.5.4.4 The Designer shall be responsible for meeting the protection coordination requirements of the
relevant Distribution Network Service Provider with respect to the incoming high voltage supply.
4.5.4.5 All protection wiring between equipment shall be hardwired.
4.5.4.6 Where an earthing design relies on fault clearing times and equipment maintenance requirements
the designer shall clearly define the requirements for incorporation into operational and
maintenance systems.
Information: The specific behaviour of the protection system will depend on the system configuration and
other requirements defined in the specifications and Scope of Works. In particular, the specifications and/or
Scope of Works shall nominate which equipment failure scenarios allow automatic restoration of power
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(auto-reclose) and the conditions under which power may be restored. However, the general application of
these requirements is outlined in the two protection coordination scenarios presented in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Protection coordination – General principles – Dual rectifier substation

In Figure 2 – Scenario 1, there is a fault on one of the rectifiers (e.g. a diode failure). In this situation, the HV
rectifier circuit breaker 1 and the DC rectifier circuit breaker 1 should trip to isolate the fault from the AC and
DC systems. If the HV bus tie circuit breaker is closed, then it should also trip to prevent the fault being fed via
the second-high voltage supply. If it is not possible to back feed from the auxiliary transformer, this is the
minimum required to isolate the fault. Unless there is a failure in one of these circuit breakers, the remaining
AC and DC circuit breakers should remain closed which means that the equipment outage is limited to the
failed rectifier and both the 750 V DC positive bus and second rectifier remain unaffected.
In Figure 2 – Scenario 2, there is a fault on one of the outgoing 750 V DC feeder cables. In this situation,
because of the proximity of the fault to the substation, it may not be possible to discriminate between this
fault and a 750 V DC bus fault. In this case, if it is not practicable to achieve fault discrimination on the DC
system, it is acceptable for all the DC circuit breakers to trip thereby isolating the 750 V DC bus temporarily.
If it is practicable, the AC protection should not operate unless there is a failure in one of the DC rectifier circuit
breakers. Once the bus has been isolated, if the specifications or Scope of Works allow power to be restored
automatically (i.e. auto reclose), each circuit breaker will attempt to close and the circuit breaker with the
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faulty cable will fail to close. This behaviour interrupts tram operations momentarily, and then limits the
equipment taken out of service to the faulty DC feeder cable so that the remainder of the system can continue
operating normally.
Lightning and surge protection
4.5.4.7 Unless stated otherwise, the lightning and surge protection system shall comply with the
equipment specifications, the requirements of Table 4 and the following standards:
• AC surge protection system: AS 2067, AS 1768 (lightning protection for buildings), AS 1307.2 (AC
surge protection devices); and
• 750 V DC surge protection system: EN 50124-1, EN 50124-2, EN 50526-1.
4.5.4.8 Lightning and surge protection shall be provided for all equipment that is exposed to the risk of
lightning or surges (but multiple items of equipment might be protected by one device as part of a
zoned system). The need for protection against lightning surges is essential unless the location
provides an inherent zone of protection from lightning surges.
4.5.4.9 Lightning and surge protection systems shall present a low risk to workers in the event of a nearby
or distant lightning strike. As a result, the safety of personnel working on or near the surge
protective equipment shall be considered when designing the layout of the surge protective
equipment or the route for earth conductors.
4.5.4.10 Surge protected wiring shall be segregated from non-surge protected wiring to prevent coupling of
surges between the wiring. Earth wires are to be considered as non-surge protected wiring. The
amount of segregation shall be suitable for the expected level of surge on the non-protected wiring.
4.5.4.11 When considering lightning and surge protection, the equipment selection principles shall be as
follows:
• shall be fit for purpose;
• shall match the insulation coordination requirements and the detailed equipment specifications
for all equipment supplying the surge zone; and
• surges shall be kept within the tolerances of the equipment being protected.
4.5.4.12 All entry points for surges shall be considered. Lightning and/or surges occur, enter, or are induced
into the system through one or several of the following:
• HV AC system;
• LV AC system;
• 750 V DC system;
• DC negative system;
• Communication lines;
• Earth grid; and
• Electrolysis system.

4.5.5 Interlocking
4.5.5.1 For the purpose of this standard and the substation equipment specifications, interlocking shall be
defined as an electrical, electronic or mechanical device or system which prevents an element from
changing state due to the state(s) of another element(s), and vice versa. Figure 3 provides an
example of the interlocking principles for an earth switch in withdrawable HV AC switchgear. The
following definitions shall apply:

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• Mechanical interlocking: A device or system which prevents a change in state by blocking

motion. E.g. trapped key systems. E.g. a mechanical lever preventing the closing of an earth
switch while a circuit breaker is racked in.
• Electrical interlocking: A device or system which prevents a change in state using logic in a wired
circuit. E.g. a relay logic circuit which prevents the closing of a circuit breaker.
• Electronic interlocking: A device or system which prevents a change in state using logic in
software. E.g. electronic interlocking using the software in a PLC or protection relay.

HVCB = Racked in
S0
ES = Open

HVCB = Racked out HVCB = Racked in

S1 S3
ES = Open ES = Closed

HVCB = Racked out

S2
ES = Closed

Figure 3: Interlocking – General principles and worked example– High voltage earth switch

Information: Whenever practical, preference should be given to mechanical interlocks.

4.5.5.2 In the event of the loss of auxiliary power, the interlocking should be designed to be fail-safe.
4.5.5.3 All interlocking wiring, if applicable, between equipment shall be hardwired.
4.5.5.4 In general, enclosure access interlocking is not required where:
• The enclosure does not have doors and instead only has panels which can only be removed using
a tool.
• The enclosure is within secured operational areas.
• The enclosure and particularly the removeable panels, have suitable warning signage.

4.5.6 Control panels

4.5.6.1 Local electrical control and/or indication for each item of equipment shall be from control panels,
which are situated on the equipment they control or indicate, unless stated otherwise. Terminology
used to describe control operation points shall be consistent with Yarra Trams electrical sectioning
diagrams.
4.5.6.2 Additionally, a single central substation control and indication panel shall be provided and located
in a safe zone within the substation. Requirements for the central substation control and indication
panel are given in the SCADA Cubicle and VicTrack Communications Cubicle Specification (IN-021-
ST-0007).

4.5.7 Equipment interfaces | SCADA

4.5.7.1 All equipment shall be able to be electrically controlled and/or indicated locally and remotely
through the SCADA system.

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4.5.7.2 The equipment SCADA indication shall be provided by means of dedicated and electrically isolated
normally open and normally closed auxiliary contacts of switchgear, and on and off contact of
indication relays.
4.5.7.3 The SCADA control will be provided from a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) located in the SCADA
cubicle.
4.5.7.4 The minimum equipment SCADA control and indication requirements are outlined in each
equipment specification. Figure 4 outlines how to interpret these requirements in each
specification and applicable definitions.

TBC

Figure 4: Interpretation of equipment specification SCADA points table

4.5.7.5 The substation shall not be a fully digital substation according to IEC 61850. The substation shall
adhere to Yarra Trams’ current philosophy which includes a combination of hardwired and digital
connections between equipment, according to the following principles:
• Hardwired connections use: Protection functionality between equipment, interlocking
functionality between equipment, ‘critical’ SCADA indication and all equipment SCADA control;
and
• Digital connections use: ‘Non-critical’ SCADA indication.
4.5.7.6 For digital SCADA points, the following communication protocols are supported by Yarra Trams and
are listed in order of preference:
• DNP3.0 TCP/IP;
• Modbus TCP/IP; and
• Modbus Serial (only applicable for legacy systems).
4.5.7.7 As outlined in section 4.8 of this document, the Designer shall submit the following documentation
to Yarra Trams to facilitate the SCADA integration and commissioning:
• SCADA and communications system overview drawing: This drawing would include details such
as, but not limited to, all network connected devices and the network topology.
• SCADA equipment interconnection design and drawings:
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• SCADA points description excel sheet: Yarra Trams shall provide an excel template to the
Designer which describes the ‘Standard’ SCADA configuration.

4.5.8 Labelling and identification

4.5.8.1 Unless stated otherwise, the substation labelling, identification and marking shall comply with AS
2067 and AS 1319.
4.5.8.2 Cubicle identification and terminal markings shall be in accordance with IEC 60445.
4.5.8.3 Signage, warning signs (for example warning notices) or safety instruction notices shall be displayed
where there is a potentially ambiguous or dangerous situation.
4.5.8.4 In accordance with clause 6.9.1 of AS 2067, where an item of equipment consists of two or more
units with access to the rear, such labelling shall also be located on a fixed portion at the rear of
each unit.
4.5.8.5 Nameplates shall be provided for each item of equipment as specified in the relevant specifications
and shall be durable, visible and legible.
4.5.8.6 The colors on insulation shall be continuous for the entire length of the conductors. The color on
bare busbars shall be clearly visible without giving the impression that it is a form of insulation.
4.5.8.7 A system of permanent numbering for identification of cables shall be used. The numbers shall be
allotted in a logical manner so that parts of the circuit can be readily identified and the purpose
and destination of any wire can be determined from the wiring diagram. The wire number shall
appear on both ends of each wire. The numbers shall be securely attached to the cables and be
easily readable. The numbers shall be adjacent to the cable termination and shall read from left to
right. Labelling shall only be removable after the wire has been released from its termination.

4.5.9 Efficiency
4.5.9.1 In accordance with APPENDIX D – ECO-FRIENDLY DESIGN, the Designer shall consider the substation
energy efficiency. The energy efficiency is defined as the ratio of the 750 V DC output power to the
HV AC input power. The target substation energy efficiency, as a function of the DC output current
of the substation rectifier(s), is given in Table 6.
Table 6: Target substation energy efficiency

Target substation efficiency, during

DC output current of the substation Target substation efficiency, during
recovery mode (e.g. if inverters are
rectifier(s) [A] traction Mode
installed)
0.5 × In > 0.95 > 0.95
In > 0.95 > 0.95
1.5 × In > 0.95 > 0.95
In: Rated DC output current of the substation rectifier(s).

4.5.10 Building and equipment layout

4.5.10.1 The layout of electrical equipment shall consider:
• The equipment that is to be mounted or located within the substation building;
• Specific details of each equipment item (i.e. rating, physical dimensions, weight, exact location
of incoming/outgoing cables);

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• Grouping arrangement of equipment (i.e. similar or related items should be grouped together
and ordered in a logical sequence from input to output with a minimum number of crossovers);
• Sufficient clearances from equipment to building walls, fences and other equipment for
installation, maintenance, inspection and removal requirements;
• Maintenance of consumable equipment and fittings should avoid the use of ladders or lifting
devices; and
• Operation of all switchgear from ground level without the need to work off platforms.
Information: Yarra Trams are in the process of developing a standard DC traction substation design
equipment layout, which will be made available on PTV DMS.
4.5.10.2 Requirements for the building and equipment layout are given in the Building Specification (IN-021-
ST-0006).

4.6 Construction requirements

4.6.1 Quality and workmanship
4.6.1.1 All materials, equipment and systems shall be new.

4.6.2 Noise
4.6.2.1 The Designer shall comply with all requirements of the Environment Protection Authority Victoria.

4.6.3 Residents
4.6.3.1 The Designer shall notify residents of all work to occur during construction and potential impacts
including, but not limited to:
• Noise level during construction;
• Impact on traffic flow;
• Safety of commuters;
• Councils in the case of council trees or trees under environmental protection schemes; and
• Impact on any bushes/trees in the vicinity.

4.6.4 Inspection of works

4.6.4.1 Prior to commencement of any site works, a site inspection involving the Designer and Yarra Trams
shall be held to gain familiarisation with the tramway environment, principles of the design and
site-specific considerations.
4.6.4.2 The Designer is responsible for the totality of all works on site.
4.6.4.3 During the performance of works, inspections shall be carried out by Yarra Trams to ensure
compliance with this standard and equipment specifications. Additional random safety inspections
shall also be carried out by Yarra Trams at its discretion.
4.6.4.4 General inspections will be carried out by Yarra Trams prior to and after commissioning. Yarra
Trams shall also attend the commissioning. The Designer shall comply with hold points and shall
ensure reasonable notification for Yarra Trams representatives to attend.
4.6.4.5 The Designer shall maintain, on an ongoing basis, a set of marked up construction drawings on site.
Yarra Trams shall have access to these drawings to monitor the progress of the construction.
Particularly at brownfield sites, the construction drawings shall be adequate to enable emergency
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operation and reactive maintenance of any in service equipment while the construction is
occurring. Construction plans are to be maintained on site and kept up to date on progress.

4.6.5 Site earth works

4.6.5.1 The Designer has a duty of care to observe underground networks when digging or excavating.
Suitable measures shall be taken to safeguard the existing underground services.
4.6.5.2 Underground network information should be sought well in advance to construction activities. The
Designer shall inform itself of the locations of underground services through the “Dial Before You
Dig Service”. In addition to the information provided by the “Dial Before You Dig Service” and the
earthing layout provided as part of the detailed design, the Designer shall also carry out a visual
check of the area around the site to see whether any cables or services are entering the site.
4.6.5.3 If there are any underground services, the Designer shall inform Yarra Trams as well the appropriate
authority prior to carrying out any excavations. All requirements of the authority that owns the
underground service must be followed when carrying out work.

4.6.6 The earth grid

4.6.6.1 The earth grid shall be installed and tested and the earthing report, in accordance with clause
4.5.3.2, shall be approved by Yarra Trams before the concrete base is laid.
4.6.6.2 Further construction work shall not proceed until Yarra Trams evaluates the earth grid test results,
reviews the earthing report and confirms that the results are satisfactory.

4.6.7 Testing and commissioning

4.6.7.1 The Designer shall supply all testing schedules for approval by Yarra Trams. Testing shall take place
using the approved test schedules as appropriate.
4.6.7.2 When appropriate, the Designer shall inform Yarra Trams that the substation is ready for
connection to the DNSP’s network.
Information: Yarra Trams shall assist the Designer to make arrangements with the DNSP to inspect the
substation and to issue a HV clearance certificate, after which the supply will be connected and the substation
will become energised.

4.6.8 Training
4.6.8.1 The Designer shall train allocated Yarra Trams representatives in all aspects of the new electrical
installation. All operational, technical, safety and environmental aspects of the new installation
shall be covered during the training. The technical training shall involve going through the as
constructed drawings, operator instructions and a site visit.
4.6.8.2 The Designer shall run two training sessions on different days (per substation), to accommodate
the availability of Yarra Trams representatives.
4.6.8.3 Training shall be completed before the substation is placed into service.
4.6.8.4 Where ever possible the equipment operation will be aligned to existing operating systems within
Yarra Trams.

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4.7 Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS) requirements

4.7.1 General
4.7.1.1 The Designer shall comply with the Yarra Trams Engineering Management System.
4.7.1.2 The substation, as a whole, shall comply with the general requirements in Table 7.
Table 7: RAMS – General requirements

Description Requirement
Operational availability1, Ao ≥ 0.99
Design life2 ≥ 30 years
1
Operational availability is the probability that an item will operate satisfactorily at a given point in time when
used in an actual or realistic operating and support environment. It includes, but is not limited to:
• Undetected fault down time;
• Administrative down time;
• Logistics down time;
• Preventive maintenance down time; and
• Corrective maintenance down time.
Operational availability is a measure which extends the definition of availability to elements controlled by
project managers, manufacturers and logistics companies. Elements may include the quantity and proximity
of spares, tools and maintenance staff availability. In accordance with EN 61703, operational availability shall
be defined by the expression:
Ao = MUT / (MUT + MDT)
2The design life of electronic devices shall be ≥ 15 years.

Information: Definition and detailed guidance on mathematical treatment of RAMS terms is given in EN
61703.
4.7.1.3 Unless stated otherwise, the Designer shall submit a RAMS Report which provides evidence of
compliance. The report shall at least include the following:
• Consideration of how the operating conditions outlined in section 4.4.1 affect the RAMS of the
substation;
• Details of the maintenance regimes required to achieve the reliability requirements stated; and
• Consideration of how electronic devices will be replaced at the end of their design life (e.g. 15
years) to ensure the design life of the substation (e.g. 30 years).
4.7.1.4 The following substation specific definitions shall apply:
• For a dual rectifier substation, the substation is only considered to be in down time when both
rectifiers are at fault;
• The design shall nominate and ensure maximum reliability for redundant systems;
• The design phase shall consider the following reliability objectives:
o MTBF higher than 12,000 hours for the substation.
o MTBF higher than 50,000 hours for each cubicle/panel.
4.7.1.5 The types of maintenance to support the substation are:
• Preventive maintenance; and
• Corrective maintenance.
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4.7.1.6 Preventive maintenance tasks shall be detailed in the Technical Maintenance Plan of the
substation.
4.7.1.7 The Designer shall request information from Yarra Trams as necessary to calculate the substation
operational availability. Information requests may include:
• MTR values for equipment;
• MAD values for maintenance; or
• Maintenance staff availability;
Information: A Line-Replaceable Unit (LRU) is a part of a system that is designed to be replaced quickly at an
operating location (e.g. a diode or a snubber in a rectifier cubicle). The Yarra Trams LRU MTR values are ‘30
minutes for an LRU whose weight is lower than 20 kg’ and ‘4 hours for an LRU whose weight is higher than
20 kg’.

4.7.2 Tools, fault diagnostic equipment and spare parts

4.7.2.1 The Designer shall provide a recommended list of tools, fault diagnostic equipment and spare parts,
which the Designer considers will be required to install and maintain the substation and its
equipment.
4.7.2.2 The Designer should use standard products (or products accepting standard stock lines) to allow
for minimum spare parts to be carried into stock. Where superior performing products or
equipment are available, they shall be referred to Yarra Trams for prior approval.

4.8 Documentation requirements

4.8.1 General
4.8.1.1 Unless stated otherwise, submitted documentation for the DC traction substation shall at least
comprise the items outlined in Table 8. This documentation shall be provided for the substation
throughout the procedure outlined in the Manage Design Procedure (CE-021-PR-0006). Additional
documentation requirements are defined in each equipment specification.
Table 8: Documentation
Commissioning (prior to

Project completion
Detailed design

Documentation
energisation)
Preliminary
Systems
design

design

Statement of compliance
Substation single-line diagram ✓ ✓ ✓1
Substation equipment layout and ✓ ✓ ✓1
schedule layout
The detailed configuration of ✓ ✓ ✓1
electrical equipment to be installed
(e.g. number of rectifiers,
transformers, circuit breakers,
feeder panels, battery charger, etc)
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Commissioning (prior to

Project completion
Detailed design
Documentation

energisation)
Preliminary
Systems
design

design
Electrolysis mitigation requirements ✓ ✓ ✓1
Substation integration design
Full details of equipment selection ✓ ✓1
and bill of materials
Main and auxiliary circuit diagrams ✓ ✓1
Equipment interconnection design ✓ ✓1
and drawings
SCADA and communications system ✓ ✓1
overview drawing
SCADA equipment interconnection ✓ ✓1
design and drawings
SCADA points description excel sheet ✓ ✓1
Equipment earthing and bonding ✓ ✓1
connections, design and drawings
Negative, earthing and electrolysis ✓ ✓1
busbars design and drawings
Protection and control system design ✓ ✓1
and drawings
Interlocking system design and
drawings
Cable and wiring schedules ✓ ✓
Design reports
General report (including Equipment ✓ ✓
rating calculations, technical
specifications for the substation and
each individual item of equipment)
Protection report (including fault ✓ ✓
calculations, protection
coordination)
Noise report (see clause 4.4.3.1) ✓
EMC report (see clause 4.4.4.1) ✓
Earthing report (see clause 4.5.3.2) ✓ ✓
RAMS report (see clause 4.7.1.3)
Testing and commissioning

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Commissioning (prior to

Project completion
Detailed design
Documentation

energisation)
Preliminary
Systems
design

design
Test and commissioning plans ✓2 ✓ ✓
Application for approval to place ✓ ✓
electrical installation into service
Certificate of electrical safety ✓ ✓
Installation, operation and ✓ 2
✓
maintenance manual(s)
Operation manual(s) ✓2 ✓
Maintenance manual(s) ✓ 2
✓
Technical maintenance plan ✓2 ✓
Calibration certificates (type test ✓
certificates, NATA certification of
metering equipment, factory and
commissioning test overcurrent
calibration charts for the full range of
all settings for each DC circuit
breaker supplied);

4.8.1.2 The Designer shall be solely responsible for the creation, supply and certification of all new
drawings and modifications to existing drawings where necessary.
4.8.1.3 All drawings shall be technically and functionally correct, accurately reflecting the installed
equipment and associated circuits.
4.8.1.4 Documentation of the design of equipment, assemblies or installations shall be supplied to Yarra
Trams at each design step for review and approval, as part of the gate process. The main purpose
of the review and approval gate processes is to determine that the design is compliant with the
technical standards and specifications.
Installation, operation and maintenance manuals:
4.8.1.5 The Designer shall provide installation, operation and maintenance manuals for all substation
equipment. The manuals shall at least include a description of all the servicing activities, the
overhaul instructions, adjustments procedures, changing components for repairs, fault finding
procedures, any software programs (where a PLC/IED is utilized), a complete set of as-built
drawings and a comprehensible spare parts list for the electrical equipment.
Technical maintenance plan:
4.8.1.6 The Designer shall be solely responsible for the creation, supply and certification of the technical
maintenance plan for a new substation and the modifications to existing substation technical
maintenance plans where necessary (e.g. replacing a single piece of equipment in a substation).
The technical maintenance plan shall at least include:
• A summarised maintenance policy for the equipment;
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• Summarised preventive maintenance schedules for the equipment; and

• Summarised corrective maintenance instructions for the most commonly replaced parts of the
supplied equipment.
Information: The technical maintenance plan is a useful summary document of relevant parts of the
equipment installation, operation and maintenance manuals for all equipment supplied.
As-built documentation:
4.8.1.7 Once the substation has been built and commissioned, it is the responsibility of the Designer to
produce as-built documentation, which includes mark-ups and any minor design changes due to
unforeseen site constraints. Mark-ups and/or minor design changes shall be approved by Yarra
Trams.

4.8.2 Documentation requirements and formatting

4.8.2.1 As-built drawings shall be fully compliant with the PTV Infrastructure Drafting Standards.
4.8.2.2 As-built documentation shall be uploaded into the PTV DMS and PASS Asset Information System in
accordance with Drawing Management System Standard Processes (PTV-NTS-012).
4.8.2.3 Reports and other non-CAD documentation shall be submitted in .pdf and .docx formats.
4.8.2.4 All documentation shall be provided in English.
4.8.2.5 Technical drawings shall comply with AS 1100 series.

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5 DIAGRAMS AND GUIDANCE

5.1 Single line diagram of a DC traction substation

Figure 5: Typical single line diagram of the DC traction substation – Single rectifier substation (LV auxiliary supply option 1)
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6 RELATED LEGISLATION & DOCUMENTS

6.1.1.1 The design and construction of DC traction substations shall be consistent with the best engineering
practices and shall comply with all of the referenced documents listed in this section. These
referenced documents shall be read in conjunction with this standard.
6.1.1.2 Unless stated otherwise, all referenced documents shall refer to the most recent published versions
of them at the time of invitation to tender.
6.1.1.3 Where no equipment specification exists, the general principles outlined in this document shall be
applied along with the requirements of the relevant Australian Standards, International Standards,
Industry codes of practice, guidelines, policies and rules as well as government regulations and
other legislative documents.
6.1.1.4 Wherever a conflict exists in the requirements of these documents, the hierarchy of technical
standards shall be observed, in accordance with Governance of Technical Standards Guideline (CE-
021-GL-0003).
Table 9: Referenced documents

Name Document number

Acts
Environment Protection Act
Rail Safety Act (Local Operations) Act 2006 (Vic)
Rail Safety National Law Application Act 2013 No 22
Historic Building Act
Occupational Health and Safety Act
Building Act
Regulations & other legislative documents
Environment Protection (Industrial Waste Resource) Regulations 2009
Rail Safety (Local Operations) (Accreditation and Safety) Regulations
Building Regulations
Electricity Safety (Installations) Regulations
Electricity Safety (Cathodic Protection) Regulations
Industry codes of practice, guidelines, policies and rules
Victorian Traction Industry Electrical Safety Rules (known as the Orange Book)
Building Code of Australia
Victorian Electricity Distributors Service & Installation Rules
ROA Code “For the installation of other party’s services and Pipelines within
Railway Boundaries”
Electricity Distribution Code – Essential Services Commission – Victoria
ENA EG1 – Substation Earthing Guide
WorkSafe Victoria Compliance code: Noise
State Environment Protection Policy (Control of Noise from Commerce, Industry
and Trade) No. N-1
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Name Document number

Public Transport of Victoria
Drawing Management System Standard Processes PTV-NTS-012
PTV Infrastructure Drafting Standards
Bonding standard – Connection details Drawing STD_T3000
Bonding standard – Asset bonding layouts Drawing STD_T3001
Yarra Trams
Engineering Change Management Procedure CE-021-PR-0020
Manage Design Procedure CE-021-PR-0006
Deviation from Standards Procedure CE-021-PR-0004
Safety in Design SS-021-PR-0001
Project Risk Management PR-016-PR-0001
Electrical Infrastructure Safety Rules (known as the Yellow Book) IN-002-ST-0002
Governance of Technical Standards Guideline CE-021-GL-0003
Infrastructure - Network Power - Traction Power – Design and Construction CE-021-ST-0037
Rectifier Transformer Specification IN-021-ST-0002
Rectifier Converter Specification Not Available
Cable Specification IN-021-ST-0003
Negative Cubicle Specification IN-021-ST-0013
750 V DC Switchgear and Control Specification Not Available
750 V DC External Isolator Specification IN-021-ST-0004
750 V DC Transducer and Measurement Device Specification IN-021-ST-0014
HV AC Switchgear and Control Specification IN-021-ST-0012
Voltage Limiting Device Specification IN-021-ST-0011
Auxiliary Transformer Specification Not Available
LV Switchboards Specification IN-021-ST-0009
Battery and Battery Charger Specification IN-021-ST-0010
Electrolysis Mitigation Cubicle Specification IN-021-ST-0005
Building Specification IN-021-ST-0006
Outdoor Cable Pit Specification Not Available
SCADA Cubicle and VicTrack Communications Cubicle Specification IN-021-ST-0007
Australian Standards
Surge arresters – Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems AS 1307.2
Safety signs for the occupational environment AS 1319
Lightning protection AS/NZS 1768
Substations and high voltage installations exceeding 1 kV a.c. AS 2067
Electrical installations (known as the Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules) AS 3000
The calculation of short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems AS 3851
Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted conditions AS 4436
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Name Document number

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) AS/NZS 61000 series
High-voltage switchgear and control gear – Common specifications AS 62271.1
International Standards
ICNIRP Guidelines: Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric and
magnetic fields (1 Hz to 100 kHz)
ICNIRP Guidelines: Guidelines for limiting exposure to electric fields induced by
movement of the human body in a static magnetic field and by time-varying
magnetic fields below 1 Hz
Railway applications – Electromagnetic compatibility – Part 1: General EN 50121-1
Railway applications – Electromagnetic compatibility – Part 2: Emission of the EN 50121-2
whole railway system to the outside world
Railway applications – Electromagnetic compatibility – Part 5: Emission and EN 50121-5
immunity of fixed power supply installations and apparatus
Railway applications – Fixed installations – D.C. switchgear EN 50123 series
Railway applications – Insulation coordination – Part 1: Basic requirements – EN 50124-1
Clearances and creepage distances for all electrical and electronic equipment
Railway applications – Insulation coordination – Part 2: Over voltages and related EN 50124-2
protection
Railway applications. Supply voltages of traction systems EN 50163
Mathematical expressions for reliability, availability, maintainability and EN 61703
maintenance support terms
Basic and Safety Principles for Man-Machine Interface, Marking and IEC 60445
Identification – Identification of Equipment Terminals, Conductor Terminations
and Conductors

DOCUMENT VERSION CONTROL

Table 10: Document version control

Version History Date Detail

1.0 20 Mar 2020 Original approved issue

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APPENDIX A – GLOSSARY
Table 11: Glossary - Words

Word Definition
Application for approval to Internal Yarra Trams document to be submitted prior to energisation.
place electrical installation
into service
Contact wire Overhead cable used to transmit electrical energy from the substations to the
trams and in direct contact with the pantograph of each tram.
Control voltage See “Reliable auxiliary supply”. The terms “Control voltage” and “Reliable
auxiliary supply” are used interchangeably.
Corrective maintenance Maintenance carried out after fault detection to effect restoration.
Demand “Demand” means the active power or apparent power consumed at point of
common coupling integrated over fifteen or thirty minute period.
Designer The party who is fully responsible for the suitability and compliance of the
design of the DC traction substation and all its equipment and subsystems.
Design life The period of time during which the item/system is designed to work within its
parameters. It is the length of time between placement into service and
disposal of the item/system.
Feeder Panel The term “Panel” or “Feeder Panel” means any enclosed assembly comprising
a DC feeder circuit breaker, together with any associated protection and
control equipment for the purpose of operating trams.
Life cycle Series of identifiable stages through which an item or system goes, from its
conception to disposal.
Panel See “Feeder Panel”.
Preventive maintenance Maintenance carried out to mitigate degradation and reduce the probability of
failure.
Reliable auxiliary supply Supply voltage of closing and opening devices and of auxiliary and control
circuits.
Scope of Works The Scope of Works is a key document that defines the specific project-related
requirements such as the configuration and rating of equipment to be installed.
It prevails over all the specifications.
Specifications Set of documents that define the general requirements applicable to each item
of equipment or subsystem to be installed within a DC traction substation.
Substation An electrical installation equipped to transform and rectify HV AC supplies
before distributing it through 750 V DC circuit breakers to the overhead system.
Tie station An electrical installation not equipped to transform and rectify HV AC supplies
but equipped with 750 V DC circuit breakers to distribute traction power
through the overhead system.
Trolley wire See “Contact wire”.
Table 12: Glossary - Abbreviations

Abbreviation Definition
AC Alternating Current
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Abbreviation Definition
DC Direct Current
DNSP Distribution Network Service Provider
ECM Engineering Change Management (internal Yarra Trams abbreviation)
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMS Engineering Management System (internal Yarra Trams abbreviation)
EPD Environmental Product Declaration
ES Earth Switch
HV “High Voltage” means a nominal voltage exceeding 1000 V AC or exceeding
1500 V DC
IED Intelligent Electronic Device
IP Ingress Protection Rating (or International Protection Rating)
LCA Life Cycle Assessment
LCC Life Cycle Cost
LRU Line-Replaceable Unit
LV “Low Voltage” means a nominal voltage exceeding 50 V AC / 120 V DC but not
exceeding 1000 V AC / 1500 V DC
MAD Mean Administrative Delay
MDT Mean Down Time
MRT Mean Repair Time
MTBF Mean (operating) Time Between Failures (for repairable items)
MTR Mean Time to Repair
MUT Mean Up Time
NATA National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia
NSS Negative Shorting Switch
OHW Overhead Wiring
PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl
POC Power and Operations Centre
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
PTV Public Transport of Victoria
RMS Root Mean Square
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
Term used to describe a system of remote control and indication of substation
equipment. SCADA systems involve one or more Control rooms,
communication systems and substation-based Remote Terminal Units
SF6 Sulphur Hexafluoride
To Be Confirmed. These requirements may be included in later versions of the
TBC
standard.
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Abbreviation Definition
TDU Thyristor Drainage Unit
TMP Technical Maintenance Plan
VLD Voltage Limiting Device
VRIOG The Victorian Rail Industry Operators’ Group comprising the following
members:
VicTrack
V/Line Passenger
Metro Trains Melbourne
Yarra Trams
Australian Rail Track Corporation
Public Transport Division of the Department of Transport
TPS Traction Power System. Assets required to supply, switch and protect the 750
V DC supplies to electrified trams.
VEC Victorian Electrolysis Committee

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APPENDIX B – TENDER REQUIREMENTS

Table 13 summarises the information which shall be defined by Yarra Trams in the Scope of Works at the
time of tender.
Table 13: Summary of information to be defined in the Scope of Works

Description Requirement
Substation system level design1
1
Refer to the Yarra Trams Standard, Infrastructure - Network Power - Traction Power – Design and
Construction CE-021-ST-0037) for details.

Statement of compliance
The Designer shall return a statement of compliance to this standard. The Yarra Trams statement of
compliance template, which shall be used for the substation standard and equipment specifications, is
embedded below.

Statement of
Compliance Template.xlsx

Equipment selection principles

The selection of the most suitable equipment will be made on the basis of minimising the whole-of-life cost.
The following factors will be considered in determining this:
• Initial purchase price;
• Whole of life costs;
• Cost of changes to the Technical Maintenance Plan & Service Schedules or the creation of new
manuals & schedules;
• Cost of manuals;
• Cost of maintenance;
• Cost of replacement parts;
• Cost of inventory spares;
• Environmental costs;
• Electrical performance;
• Cost of installation;
• Reliability and cost of failures;
• Cost of modifications to other parts of the installation;
• Lifetime of equipment;
• Discount Rate;
• Cost of staff training;
• Cost of decommissioning and disposal;
• Cost of special tools; and
• Cost of changes and management of drawings.
• Minimisation of safety risk.
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• Environment Friendliness.

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APPENDIX C – INNOVATION
Innovative solutions such as energy efficiency solutions should be highly considered.
Examples of innovative solutions are:
• Integrated transformer rectifier (rectifier transformer and rectifier converter combined into a
single unit);
• Controlled rectifier(s);
• Wayside energy storage system(s);
• Inverter(s) connected in parallel with the rectifier(s); and
• 4-quadrant rectifier(s) entirely controlled.
If such solutions are used, they shall be compliant with the relevant reference documents listed in section 6.
These solutions shall be proven in-service, rather than untried principles or equipment.

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APPENDIX D – ECO-FRIENDLY DESIGN

Due to the environmental stakes at a worldwide level, and in order to promote Yarra Trams’ environmental
engagement, it is desirable that each new substation be labelled ISO 14025. The output of this label is an
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD).
To reach this objective, the following criteria must be considered when designing equipment:
• Use of low-impact materials (non-toxic, sustainably produced or recycled materials that require
little energy to process);
• Restriction of hazardous substances such as Lead, Mercury, Asbestos, PCB and Cadmium;
• Energy efficiency;
• Quality and durability;
• Reuse and recycling;
• Total carbon footprint; and
• Renewability.
A Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the whole substation should be performed. The purpose of an LCA is to
assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product’s life from raw material extraction
through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or
recycling. The procedures for LCA are detailed in ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 standards.

Document Number: CE-019-ST-0007 Document Author: Allen Tam

Version: 1 Document Authoriser: Greg Williams
Date Published: 20/03/2020 Doc ID: CDMS-313846386-5008
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APPENDIX E – ASSET NAMING CONVENTIONS

E1 Substations
The substation naming convention shall adhere to the following rules, which shall be applied in the following
order:
• The substation shall be named according to the suburb in which it is located. E.g. A substation
located in the suburb of ‘Uiterwijk Hill’ shall be named ‘UH’.
• If there are two or more substations in the same suburb; the substation shall be named
according to the suburb in which it is located and its position according to the cardinal directions,
North, South, East and West. E.g. The first substation located in the suburb of ‘Uiterwijk Hill’
shall be named ‘UH’. The second substation located in the suburb of ‘Uiterwijk Hill’ is located in
the West part of the suburb and shall therefore be named ‘WUH’.
• If there are more than five substations in the same suburb; the substation shall be named
according to a suitable colloquial name associated with the substation location. E.g. The sixth
substation in the suburb of ‘Uiterwijk Hill’ is located near the ‘Arts Centre’ and shall therefore
be named ‘AC’.
• If there are more than five substations in the same suburb and there is no suitable colloquial
name associated with the substation location; the substation shall be named according to the
street in which it is located. E.g. The sixth substation in the suburb of ‘Uiterwijk Hill’ is located in
‘Tram Street’ and shall therefore be named ‘TS’.
Additionally, adjacent substations shall not share the first letter in their substation name. This rule shall avoid
potential confusion, which could lead to a dangerous situation. This rule explains why substations in the same
suburb are not named ‘Uiterwijk Hill West, UHW’ and ‘Uiterwijk Hill East, UHE’, but rather ‘West Uiterwijk
Hill, WUH’ and ‘East Uiterwijk Hill, EUH’.
Table 14 provides a worked example of the substation naming convention rules.
Table 14: Asset naming conventions: Substations (worked example)
Adjacent substation clash?
Colloquial name available?
directions

Future substation clash?

Suburb name available?

Street name available?

Substation Maximo code

Substation description
Substation name
available?
Suburb name

Cardinal
Street name

Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N

Parkville Flemington
Road & Parkville Sub
Y(PV) N N N N N PV PV-SS
Abbottsford Station
Street
Coburg Nicholson North Coburg NC-
N Y(NC) N Y N N NC
St & Bell St Sub Station SS
Melbourne Within the Melbourne
MC-
Melbourne N N Y(MC) N N N MC Central Sub
SS
Central Station

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Station
complex
Albert Park Danks
Street & Danks St Sub
N N N Y(DS) N N DS DS-SS
Victoria Station
Avenue

E2 Electrical sections
The electrical section naming convention shall adhere to the following rules:
• If the electrical section is only connected to one substation, the electrical section name shall be
‘Substation name Panel number’. E.g. XX1
• If the electrical section is connected to two substations, the electrical section name shall be
‘Substation 1 name Panel number. Substation 2 name Panel number’, as shown in Table 15.
‘Substation 1’ is defined as the substation which is located closest to Melbourne’s General Post
Office and ‘Substation 2’ is defined as the substation which is located furthest from Melbourne’s
General Post Office. E.g. XX1.YY2
Table 15: Asset naming conventions: Electrical sections

Option XX 1 . YY 2

Position 1 2 . 3 4

Position 1: Substation 1 - Name

Position 2: Substation 1 – Panel number
Position 3: Substation 2 - Name (if applicable)
Position 4: Substation 2 – Panel number (if applicable)

E3 Feeder cables
The feeder cable naming convention shall adhere to the following rules:
• If the feeder cable is connected between the substation and the nearest point of connection to
the section (usually a tap to a trolley), the feeder cable name shall be as shown in Table 16. E.g.
SY 5 0.6 U.G.
• If the feeder cable is connected between the nearest point of connection to the section (usually
a tap to a trolley) and the electrical section, the feeder cable name shall be as shown in Table
17. E.g. XX1.YY2 0.6 O.H.
Table 16: Asset naming conventions: Feeder cables (1)

Option XXX 1 0.6 U.G.

Position 1 2 3 4

Position 1: Substation - Name

Position 2: Substation – Panel number
Position 3: Cable diameter [units = inches2]
Position 4: Cable installation (U.G. = Underground; O.H. = Overhead)

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Table 17: Asset naming conventions: Feeder cables (2)

Option XX1.YY2 0.6 O.H.

Position 1 2 3

Position 1: Electrical section name

Position 3: Cable diameter [units = inches2]
Position 4: Cable installation (U.G. = Underground; O.H. = Overhead)

E4 Substation equipment
Unless stated otherwise, the substation equipment naming convention shall adhere to the descriptions
provided in Table 18.
Table 18: Asset naming conventions: Substation equipment

Designation Description
+AT_ Auxiliary transformer
+CLD Current Limiting Device
+DA_ DC feeder
+DB_ DC rectifier breaker
+DC_ DC auxiliary feeder
+EMC Electrolysis mitigation cubicle
+FIP Fire indicator panel
+G0_ Generator plug box
+IP_ External isolator
+KA_ SCADA panel
+L0_ HV switchgear
+LA_ Negative cubicle
+MET Metering cubicle
+SA_ LV switchboard
+T0_ Rectifier transformer
+VA_ Rectifier converter
+VCC VicTrack communications cubicle
VESDA Very early smoke detection apparatus
+VLD Voltage limiting device
+ZA_ Battery and battery charger
NOTE: The symbol “_” is used where the general equipment designation should be incrementally increased
according to the number of equivalent units in the substation. E.g. “+DA_” is the general equipment
designation for DC feeder panels. For a substation with three DC feeder panels, the equipment
designations would be “+DA1”, “+DA2” and “+DA3” respectively.

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APPENDIX F – DC REACTORS AND HARMONIC FILTERS

Provided the substation uses 12 pulse type rectifier converters and modern DC switchgear and high speed
DCCBs, the use of DC reactors and harmonic filters is not required. Since Yarra Trams now specify the use of
12-pulse type rectifier converters and modern DC switchgear and high speed DCCBs , “PSU-2.6-SP-A-0016
rev 1.2 – DC Reactor and Harmonic Filter Specification” has been superseded. Should this change in the
future, an assessment should be made to confirm if DC reactors and harmonic filters are required.
Why did Yarra Trams use DC reactors and harmonic filters?DC harmonic filters were installed for the
following reasons:
• Primary purpose: To prevent harmonic current flowing to the overhead wiring and interfering
with nearby communication circuits; and
• Secondary benefit: To provide 750 V DC voltage filtering and some protection against
overvoltage.
Why are DC reactors and harmonic filters no longer required?
The substation equipment used by Yarra Trams has evolved over time. In the past, Yarra Trams substations
used rotary converters for rectification. After the advent of suitable solid-state devices, Yarra Trams
substations begun using diode rectifiers for rectification. During the time period in which Yarra Trams had a
combination of rotary converters and diode rectifiers, the rotary converters provided a low impedance path
for the ripple currents to flow from the diode rectifiers into the rotary converters. These ripple currents
would flow in the OHW system and cause interference with nearby communication systems. DC harmonic
filters were installed to limit the diode rectifier 750 V DC ripple voltage and subsequent problematic
ripple/harmonic currents. However, DC harmonic filters are no longer required because:
• Now that all the rotary converters have been removed from the traction network, there is no
longer such a low impedance path for the ripple currents to flow and the issued has been
reduced – noting that it was the ripple currents, and not the ripple voltage, which was causing
the interference with nearby communication circuits;
• In the past, Yarra Trams used a combination of 6 and 12 pulse diode rectifiers. In the past 20
years or so, all new diode rectifiers in the network have been 12 pulse diode rectifiers which
inherently have a significantly lower DC ripple voltage, which again reduces the issue; and
• Modern optical fibre communication systems are increasingly being used, which are immune to
interference from these ripple currents.
Over the past 20 years or so, no 12 pulse diode rectifiers were installed with accompanying DC harmonic
filters and there have been no major interference problems with nearby communication circuits.
The DC reactors are no longer required because:
• DC harmonic filters are no longer required and no longer require a series impedance; andThe
use of modern DC switchgear and high speed DCCBs, which have a breaking capacity far in excess
of any fault current present in the Yarra Trams traction network, removes the need to limit the
rate of rise of the 750 V DC fault current for a short circuit close to the substation.
Over the past 20 years or so, Yarra Trams have installed 12 pulse diode rectifiers without accompanying DC
reactors and with modern high speed DCCBs and are not aware of any DCCB failures due to an inability to
survive a short circuit close to the substation.

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Date Published: 20/03/2020 Doc ID: CDMS-313846386-5008
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