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Designation: B 367 – 93 (Reapproved 1998)

Standard Specification for

Titanium and Titanium Alloy Castings1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 367; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope E 120 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Titanium and

1.1 This specification covers titanium and titanium alloy Titanium Alloys6
castings intended for general corrosion resistant and industrial E 142 Test Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic
applications. Testing5
1.2 This specification is intended for use of purchasers E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination5
and/or producers of reactive metal castings for defining the E 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.
requirements and assuring the properties of castings for unique (51 mm) in Thickness5
corrosion-resistant applications, that is, not for commodity E 1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen in Tita-
items which must meet all potential purchasers’ requirements. nium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion Tech-
1.2.1 Users are advised to use the specification as a basis for nique5
obtaining castings which will meet minimum acceptance E 1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in
requirements established and revised by consensus of the Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion
members of the committee. Thermal Conductivity Method7
1.2.2 User requirements considered more stringent may be 3. Terminology
met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more
supplementary requirements, which may include, but are not 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
limited to, those listed in Sections S1 through S8. 3.1.1 lot—shall consist of all castings of the same design
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded produced from the same pour.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for 3.1.2 pour—shall consist of all material melted and cast at
information only. one time.

2. Referenced Documents 4. Ordering Information

2.1 ASTM Standards: 4.1 Orders for castings to this specification shall include the
A 802/802M Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Accep- following as required, to describe the requirements adequately:
tance Standards, Visual Examination2 4.1.1 Description of the castings by pattern number or
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials3 drawing. Dimensional tolerances shall be included on the
E 10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi- casting drawing,
als3 4.1.2 Quantity,
E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell 4.1.3 Grade designation (see Table 1),
Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials3 4.1.4 Options in the specification, and
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to 4.1.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including the
Determine Conformance with Specifications4 standards of acceptance.
E 94 Guide for Radiographic Testing5 5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Materials for this specification shall be melted by
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-10 on conventional processes used for reactive metals. Typical meth-
Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloysand is the direct responsibility of ods include the consumable electrode and induction-slag,
Subcommittee B10.05on Castings. plasma arc, induction-skull, and electron beam melting pro-
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1993. Published November 1993. Originally
published as B 367 – 61 T. Last previous edition B 367 – 87.
cesses.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
4 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
5 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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 B 367 – 93 (1998)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, Weight %
Element Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade
C-2 C-3 C-5 C-6 Ti-Pd7B Ti-Pd8A Ti-Pd16 Ti-Pd17 Ti-Pd18
Nitrogen, max 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.05
Carbon, max 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Hydrogen, max 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.0150 0.0150 0.0150
Iron, max 0.20 0.25 0.40 0.50 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.20 0.25
Oxygen, max 0.40 0.40 0.25 0.20 0.40 0.40 0.18 0.25 0.15
Aluminum ... ... 5.5–6.75 4.00–6.00 ... ... ... ... 2.5–3.5
Vanadium ... ... 3.5–4.5 ... ... ... ... ... 2.0–3.0
Tin ... ... ... 2.0–3.0 ... ... ... ... ...
Palladium ... ... ... ... 0.12 min 0.12 min 0.04–0.08A 0.04–0.08A 0.04–0.08B
Other elements 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
(each), maxC
Other elements 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40
(total), maxC
A
Grade TiPd16 and TiPd17—Unalloyed titanium with reduced palladium content to enhance corrosion properties are similar to Grade TiPd, 7B and 8A.
B
Grade 18—Palladium added to titanium alloy 3AI-2.5V to enhance corrosion properties.
C
Need not be reported. By agreement between producer and purchaser, analysis may be required and limits established for elements or compounds not specified in
this table.

TABLE 2 Check Analysis Tolerances

6. Chemical Composition Element
Maximum or Range, Permissible Variation in
Weight% Check Analysis
6.1 Pour Analysis—An analysis of each pour shall be made Nitrogen 0.05 +0.02
by the producer from a sample such as a casting or test bar that Carbon 0.10 +0.02
is representative of the pour. The chemical composition deter- Hydrogen 0.015 +0.003
Iron 0.50 +0.15
mined shall conform to the requirements specified for the 0.40 +0.08
relevant grade in Table 1. 0.25 +0.05
6.1.1 The elements listed in Table 1 are intentional alloy 0.20 +0.04
Oxygen 0.40 +0.08
additions or elements which are inherent to the manufacture of 0.25 + 0.05
titanium sponge, ingot or mill product. 0.20 + 0.04
Aluminum 2.5–6.75 60.40
6.1.1.1 Elements other than those listed in Table 1 are Vanadium 2.0–4.5 60.15
deemed to be capable of occurring in the grades listed in Table Tin 2.0–3.0 60.15
1 by and only by way of unregulated or unanalyzed scrap Palladium 0.04–0.25 60.02
Other (each) 0.10 +0.02
additions to the ingot melt. Therefore product analysis for
elements not listed in Table 1 shall not be required unless
specified and shall be considered to be in excess of the intent
of this specification. 6.5 Referee Analysis—In the event of disagreement between
the producer and purchaser concerning the analysis of any
6.1.2 Elements intentionally added to the melt must be
casting, Test Methods E 120 shall be used as a referee chemical
identified, analyzed, and reported in the chemical analysis.
analysis method.
6.2 When agreed upon by the producer and the purchaser
and requested by the purchaser in his written purchase order, 7. Heat Treatment
chemical analysis shall be completed for specific residual 7.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all castings
elements not listed in this specification. will be supplied in the as-cast condition except when post-weld
6.3 Product Analysis—Product analysis tolerances do not heat treatment is required.
broaden the specified heat analysis requirements, but cover 7.2 If post-weld heat treatment is required, it shall consist of
variations between laboratories in the measurement of chemi- a stress relief performed at 1075 6 25°F (580 6 14°C) for
cal content. The producer shall not ship material which is Grades C-2, C-3 Ti-Pd7B, Ti-Pd8A, Ti-Pd16 and Ti-Pd17, and
outside the limits specified in Table 1 for the applicable grade. 12006 25°F (6506 14°C) for Grades C-5, C-6, and Ti-Pd18.
Product analysis limits shall be as specified in Table 2. Time at temperature shall be a minimum of 1⁄2h plus an
6.4 Sampling—Samples for chemical analysis may be made additional 1⁄2 h at temperature per inch of thickness for section
by the purchaser on a representative casting from any lot. Due sizes greater than 1 in. (25 mm). After heat treatment, the
to the possibility of oxygen or other interstitial contamination, castings should be cooled in air or in the furnace to ambient
samples for oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen analysis temperature unless otherwise agreed upon between the pur-
shall be taken no closer than 1⁄4 in. (6.3 mm) to a cast surface chaser and producer.
except that castings too thin for this shall be analyzed on
representative material. The chemical composition determined 8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
shall conform to the analysis in Table 1 within the check 8.1 All castings shall be made in a workman-like manner
analysis variations shown in Table 2 or shall be subject to and shall conform to the dimensions in drawings furnished by
rejection by the purchaser. the purchaser before manufacturing is started. If the pattern is

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 B 367 – 93 (1998)
supplied by the purchaser, the dimensions of the casting shall 10.2 If the results of any chemical or mechanical property
be as predicted by the pattern. test lot are not in conformance with the requirements of this
8.2 The surface of the casting shall be free of adhering mold specification, the lot may be retested at the option of the
material, scale, cracks, and hot tears as determined by visual producer. The frequency of the retest will double the initial
examination. Other surface discontinuities shall meet the visual number of tests. If the results of the retest conform to the
acceptance standards specified in the order. Practice A 802/ specification, then the retest values will become the test values
802M or other visual standards may be used to define accept- for certification. Only original conforming test results or the
able surface discontinuities and finish. Unacceptable surface conforming retest results shall be reported to the purchaser. If
discontinuities shall be removed and their removal verified by the results for the retest fail to conform to the specification, the
visual examination of the resultant cavities. material will be rejected in accordance with Section 11.
10.3 For purposes of determining conformance with the
9. Repair by Welding specifications contained herein, an observed or a calculated
value shall be rounded off to the nearest unit in the last
9.1 If repairs are required, these shall be made using a
right-hand significant digit used in expressing the limiting
welding procedure and operators certified to quality require-
value. This is in accordance with the round-off method of
ments established by the producer. The procedures developed
Practice E 29.
shall be consistent with standard practices recommended for
reactive metal alloys. The producer shall maintain documenta- 11. Rejection
tion on procedure and welder qualifications. Procedure modi- 11.1 Any rejection based on test reports shall be reported to
fications or special arrangements shall be as agreed upon the producer within 60 days from the receipt of the test reports
between the producer and the purchaser. by the purchaser.
9.2 The composition of the deposited weld metal shall be 11.2 Material that shows unacceptable discontinuities as
within the chemical requirements for each grade established in determined by the acceptance standards specified on the order,
Table 1. subsequent to acceptance at the producer’s works, may be
9.2.1 Unalloyed titanium Grades C-2 and C-3, and low- rejected, and the producer shall be notified within 60 days, or
alloy Grades Ti-Pd7B, Ti-Pd8A, Ti-Pd16, and Ti-Pd17 castings as otherwise agreed upon.
shall be stress-relieved if the repair is considered capable of 11.3 In the event of disagreement between the producer and
adding stresses that will interfere with the purpose for which the purchaser on the conformance of the material to the
the castings are intended. The decision for stress relieving shall requirements of this specification, a mutually acceptable ref-
be made by the producer, unless otherwise agreed upon. The eree shall perform the tests in question. The referee’s testing
stress-relief cycle shall be in accordance with 7.2 followed by shall be used in determining the conformance of the material to
air or furnace cooling to room temperature, or as agreed upon this specification.
between the purchaser and the producer.
12. Product Marking
9.2.2 Grade C-5 (Ti-6Al-4V), Grade C-6 (Ti-5Al-2.5Sn)
and Grade Ti-Pd 18 castings shall be stress-relieved after weld 12.1 Unless otherwise specified, the following shall apply.
repair, if the weld defect or excavation is through a wall or 12.1.1 Castings shall be marked for material identification
exceeds 1 in.3 (16 000 mm3) of deposited metal. The stress- with the ASTM designation number (Specification B 367) and
relief cycle shall be in accordance with 7.2. grade symbol, that is, C2, C3, C5, C6, Ti-Pd7B, Ti-Pd8A,
9.2.3 Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) may be substituted for Ti-Pd16, Ti-Pd17, or Ti-Pd18.
required thermal treatment provided all requirements for that 12.1.2 The producer’s name or identification mark and the
treatment are met, and temperatures detrimental to the material pattern number shall be cast or stamped using low stress
properties are not reached. stamps on all castings. Small size castings may be such that
marking must be limited consistent with the available area.
10. Inspection 12.1.3 The marking of lot numbers on individual castings
shall be agreed upon by the producer and the purchaser.
10.1 The producer shall afford the purchaser’s inspector all 12.1.4 Marking shall be in such a position as not to injure
reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that the material the usefulness of the casting.
is being produced and furnished in accordance with this
specification. Foundry inspection by the purchaser shall not 13. Keywords
interfere unnecessarily with the producer’s operations. 13.1 castings; corrosion resistant; titanium; titanium alloys

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 B 367 – 93 (1998)
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

Supplementary requirements shall be applied only when specified by the purchaser. Details of the
supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon by the producer and purchaser. The specified tests
shall be performed by the producer prior to shipment of the castings.

S1. Radiographic Examination S4. Certification

S1.1 When specified in the purchase order, castings shall be S4.1 A test report shall be furnished. The test report shall
examined for internal discontinuities by means of X rays or contain the results of the actual chemical analysis and other
gamma rays. Inspection procedure shall be in accordance with tests specified by the purchaser.
the Guide E 94 and Method E 142. Types and degrees of S4.2 Each test report shall be signed by an authorized agent
discontinuities considered shall be judged by the Reference of the seller or producer.
Radiographs E 446. Extent of examination and the basis for S4.3 The test report shall be furnished within 5 days of
acceptance shall be agreed upon by the producer and the shipment of the castings.
purchaser. A specification that may be used as a basis for such
agreement is described as follows. S5. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP)
S1.2 Extent of Examination:
S1.2.1 Category I—The castings shall be 100 % inspected S5.1 Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) may be used to improve
radiographically and film sent or made available for purchaser as-cast quality when required. Temperature, time at tempera-
examination. ture, and atmosphere shall be as agreed upon between the
S1.2.2 Category II—Critical areas of all castings shall be producer and the purchaser.
radiographically inspected to ensure that casting quality is S5.2 Castings for which HIP is not required may be hot
sufficient to meet customer needs. The film record need not be isostatic pressed by the producer in accordance with the
maintained. requirements of 7.2.
S1.2.3 Category III—Sample castings shall be radiographed S5.3 HIP may be substituted for required thermal treatment
in accordance with an agreed upon schedule. When disconti- provided all requirements for that treatment are met and
nuities exceed the acceptance limits, all castings in the lot shall temperatures detrimental to the material properties are not
be examined according to Category II. reached.
S1.3 Basis for Acceptance:
S1.3.1 The maximum severity level for each specific type of S6. Tension Test
discontinuity shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and
S6.1 Tensile properties shall be determined on material
producer. A specification which may be used as a basis for such
representing each pour. Properties shall be determined in the
agreement, using Reference Radiographs E 446 is described as
as-cast condition unless otherwise specified in the purchase
follows:
order. The results shall conform to the requirements specified
Category A gas porosity severity level 2
Category B sand and slag inclusions severity level 2
in Table S6-1.
Category C shrinkage CA severity level 2 S6.2 Test bars may be obtained from special test blocks cast
Category C shrinkage CB severity level 2 for that purpose or cut from castings processed with a lot.
Category C shrinkage CC severity level 2
Category C shrinkage CD severity level 2 S6.3 Tensile tests shall be made in accordance with the
Category D crack none permitted requirements of Test Methods E 8. Tensile properties shall be
Category E hot tear none permitted
Category F insert none permitted
determined using a strain rate of 0.003 to 0.007 in./in./min
(0.003 to 0.007 mm/mm/min) through the yield strength.
S2. Liquid Penetrant Examination S6.4 If any test specimen shows defective machining or
S2.1 The castings shall be examined for surface disconti- develops flaws, it may be discarded and another specimen
nuities by means of liquid penetrant examination. The exami- substituted from the same pour.
nation shall be in accordance with Practice E 165. Areas to be
inspected, methods and types of liquid penetrants to be used,
developing procedure, and basis for acceptance shall be agreed TABLE S6-1 Tensile Requirements
upon between the producer and the purchaser. Tensile Strength, min,
Yield Strength Elongation in 1-in.
Grade 0.2 % Offset, min, Gage Length, min,
ksi (MPa)
ksi (MPa) %
S3. Examination of Weld Preparation
C-2 50 (345) 40 (275) 15
S3.1 Cavities prepared for welding due to surface disconti- C-3 65 (450) 55 (380) 12
nuities, such as cracks, open porosity, etc. shall be examined by C-5 130 (895) 120 (825) 6
C-6 115 (795) 105 (725) 8
means of liquid penetrant examination in order to verify Ti-Pd 7B 50 (345) 40 (275) 15
removal of such discontinuities. Ti-Pd 8A 65 (450) 55 (380) 12
S3.2 Weld repairs that are made to eliminate discontinuities Ti-Pd16 50 (345) 40 (275) 15
Ti-Pd17 35 (240) 25 (170) 20
that are detected by radiography shall be re-radiographed to Ti-Pd18 90 (620) 70 (483) 15
verify that unacceptable discontinuities have been removed.

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 B 367 – 93 (1998)
S7. Prior Approval of Major Weld Repairs TABLE S8-1 Hardness Requirements

S7.1 Major weld repairs as defined and agreed upon be- Brinell Hardness, Rockwell Hardness,
Grade
maxA maxA
tween the producer and the purchaser shall be subject to the
C-2 210 B 96
prior approval of the purchaser. C-3 235 C 24
C-5 365 C 39
S8. Hardness Test C-6 335 C 36
Ti-Pd 7B 210 B 96
S8.1 Hardness shall be determined on material representing Ti-Pd 8A 235 C 24
Ti-Pd16 210 B 96
each lot. Hardness shall be determined in the as-cast condition
Ti-Pd17 235 C 24
unless otherwise specified in the purchase order. The results Ti-Pd18 365 C 39
shall conform to the requirements specified in Table S8-1. A
Average of three tests.
S8.2 Hardness shall be determined on a sample cast for that
purpose, or on a casting randomly selected from a lot. If a metal of the castings and not of any surface contamination due
casting is used for a hardness sample, indentations shall be to mold-metal interactions.
made in a surface that will not be subsequently machined. S8.3 Hardness tests shall be made in accordance with the
Hardness values reported shall be representative of the base requirements of Test Methods E 10 or E 18.

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