Hidratos de Carbono Taller

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Amylose and amylopectin are the principle storage polysaccharides of:

A) mollusks. B) plants. C) insects. D) bacteria. E) animals.
2) A carbohydrate that gives two molecules when it is completely hydrolyzed is known as a

A) monosaccharide.
B) disaccharide.
C) starch.
D) trisaccharide.
E) polysaccharide.
3) A monosaccharide that consists of 5 carbon atoms, one of which is in a ketone group, is classified as a(n)
A) aldohexose. B) ketopentose. C) aldopentose. D) ketotetrose. E) aldotetrose.
4) A monosaccharide that contains 4 carbon atoms, one of which is in an aldehyde group, is classified as a(n)
A) aldotetrose. B) ketotetrose. C) aldohexose. D) ketopentose. E) aldopentose.
5) Which of the following is an example of an

aldopentose? A)
B)
1
C)
D)
E)
6) Which of the following is an example of a

ketopentose? A)
2
B)
C)
D)
E)
7) The breakdown of glucose to chemical energy for the cells to do work is an example of
A) respiration.
B) oxidation.
C) mutarotation.
D) reduction.
E) anabolism.
3
8) Photosynthesis uses _ _ as an energy source.
A) carbon dioxide
B) glucose
C) chlorophyll
D) oxygen
E) sunlight
9) Fructose does not undergo hydrolysis because it is a

A) aldose.
B) monosaccharide.
C) reducing sugar.
D) hexose.
E) disaccharide.
10) In the L - isomer of a Fischer projection of a monosaccharide, the - OH group furthest from the carbonyl
is written
A) on the left of the top chiral carbon.
B) on the right of the top chiral carbon.
C) on the left of the bottom chiral carbon.
D) on the left of the middle chiral carbon.
E) on the right of the bottom chiral carbon.
11) One difference between D - glucose and L - glucose is

A) it is not possible to make L - glucose.
B) L- glucose cannot form a closed structure.
C) the open- chain form of L - glucose does not exist.
D) L- glucose has a 5- membered ring, and D - glucose has a 6 - membered ring.
E) only D - glucose is found in disaccharides and polysaccharides.
12) Hyperglycemia is a condition in which

A) the glucose level in the blood is higher than normal.
B) the glucose level in the liver is lower than normal.
C) the glucose level in the blood is about 100 mg/dL.
D) the amount of glucose in the urine is lower than normal.
E) the glucose level in the pancreas is lower than normal.
4
13) Galactose has the structure shown below. Which anomer is shown?
A) the A anomer
B) the fi anomer
C) the D anomer
D) the L anomer
E) none of the above
14) Aspartame ® and Saccharin ® are two examples of

A) alcohol sweeteners.
B) polysaccharides.
C) Non carbohydrate sweeteners.
D) chlorosaccharides.
E) disaccharides.
15) A glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides can also be classified as a(n)
A) alcohol bond.
B) ether bond.
C) achiral bond.
D) double bond.
E) ester bond.
16) In a disaccharide, two monosaccharides are joined by what kind of bond?

A) double B) glycosidic C) rotational D) anomeric E) alcohol
17) Which of the following contains a þ- 1,4- glycosidic bond?

A) maltose B) amylose C) lactose D) galactose E) sucrose
18) The conversion between A and fi anomers is called

A) reduction.
B) mutarotation.
C) hydrolysis.
D) glycoside.
E) oxidation.
5
19) The reduction of monosaccharides produces
A) sugar alcohols.
B) sugar acids.
C) disaccharides.
D) polysaccharides.
E) trisaccharides.
20) The oxidation of monosaccharides produces

A) trisaccharides.
B) disaccharides.
C) sugar acids.
D) sugar alcohols.
E) polysaccharides.
21) Mannose has the structure shown below. Which anomer is shown?
A) the A anomer
B) the fi anomer
C) the D anomer
D) the L anomer
E) none of the above
22) Hypoglycemia is a condition in which

A) the glucose level in the blood is lower than normal.
B) the glucose level in the blood is about 100 mg/dL.
C) the glucose level in the pancreas is higher than normal.
D) the amount of glucose in the urine is higher than normal.
E) the glucose level in the blood is higher than normal.
23) Galactosemia is the name of a metabolic disorder. In this disorder, an enzyme is missing that is needed to
A) convert galactose to glucose.
B) make lactose from galactose.
C) convert galactose to glycogen.
D) make galactose from lactose.
E) convert α- galactose to þ- galactose.
24) Which of the following contains α- 1,6- branches?

A) maltose B) sucrose C) cellulose D) amylose E) glycogen
6
25) Cellulose is not digestible by humans because it contains glucose units linked by - glycosidic bonds.
A) þ- 1,2 B) þ- 1,4 C) α- 1,2 D) α- 1,6 E) α- 1,4
26) Amylose is a polysaccharide which has

A) only α- 1,4- links bonds glucose units.
B) only þ- 1,4- bonds between glucose units.
C) both α- 1,4- and þ- 1,4- bonds between glucose units.
D) hemiacetal links joining glucose units.
E) carbon- carbon bonds joining glucose units.
27) Humans cannot digest cellulose because they

A) cannot digest chlorophyll.
B) are allergic to þ- glycosides.
C) lack the necessary enzymes to digest þ- glycosides.
D) are poisoned by þ- glycosides.
E) have intestinal flora which use up þ- glycosides.
28) Under acid hydrolysis conditions, starch is converted to

A) xylose. B) glucose. C) fructose. D) galactose. E) maltose.
29) Amylopectin is a polysaccharide which has

A) only þ- 1,4- bonds between glucose units.
B) both α- 1,4- and þ- 1,4- bonds between glucose units.
C) only α- 1,4- links bonds glucose units.
D) both α- 1,4- and α- 1,6- bonds between glucose units.
E) carbon- carbon bonds joining glucose units.
30) Glycogen is a polysaccharide which has

A) only α- 1,4- links bonds glucose units.
B) both α- 1,4- and þ- 1,4- bonds between glucose units.
C) carbon- carbon bonds joining glucose units.
D) only þ- 1,4- bonds between glucose units.
E) both α- 1,4- and α- 1,6- bonds between glucose units.
7
|
Refer to the disaccharides below to answer the question(s) that follow.
31) In the figure above, the monosaccharide unit at the top is a(n)
A) aldoheptose. B) aldohexose. C) aldopentose. D) ketohexose. E) ketopentose.
32) In the figure above, the monosaccharide unit on the bottom is a(n)
A) aldohexose. B) ketopentose. C) ketohexose. D) aldopentose. E) aldoheptose.
33) Hydrolysis of the disaccharide above gives the monosaccharides

A) fructose and galactose.
B) ribose and galactose.
C) fructose and lactose.
D) fructose and ribose.
E) ribose and glucose.
34) The disaccharide above contains a(n) _ - glycosidic linkage.

A) þ- 2,4 B) α- 2,4 C) þ- 1,4 D) α- 1,4 E) α- 2,6
35) Pentoses and hexoses can form stable ring structures by internal hemiacetal formation.
A) True
B) False
36) Glycosaminoglycans are polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units in which one of the
sugars is always N - acetylgalactosamine.
A) True
B) False
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MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Select the correct carbohydrate for each description.
37) an unbranched carbohydrate

A) amylose P
that stores glucose in plants
B) Fructose M
38) a monosaccharide found in fruit
juices and honey, the sweetest
carbohydrate C) Maltose D
39) a disaccharide consisting of D) Sucrose D

two glucose molecules
E) lactose D
40) a disaccharide consisting of
glucose and fructose F) galactose M
41) a disaccharide found in milk and G) cellulose P

milk products
H) glycogen P
42) a monosaccharide that combines
with glucose to form lactose
43) a carbohydrate that is used to

build cell walls in plants
44) a carbohydrate that stores energy

in the human body
45) a disaccharide that occurs as

a breakdown product of
starch
46) a carbohydrate that cannot be

digested by humans
Indicate the monosaccharide(s) produced upon hydrolysis of each carbohydrate.
47) amylopectin
A) glucose
48) lactose
B) glucose + galactose
49) glycogen
C) glucose + fructose
50) maltose
51) sucrose
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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) Amylose and amylopectin are the principle storage polysaccharides of:

2) A carbohydrate that gives two molecules when it is completely hydrolyzed is known as a

5) Which of the following is an example of an

6) Which of the following is an example of a

9) Fructose does not undergo hydrolysis because it is a

11) One difference between D - glucose and L - glucose is

12) Hyperglycemia is a condition in which

14) Aspartame ® and Saccharin ® are two examples of

16) In a disaccharide, two monosaccharides are joined by what kind of bond?

17) Which of the following contains a þ- 1,4- glycosidic bond?

18) The conversion between A and fi anomers is called

20) The oxidation of monosaccharides produces

22) Hypoglycemia is a condition in which

24) Which of the following contains α- 1,6- branches?

26) Amylose is a polysaccharide which has

27) Humans cannot digest cellulose because they

28) Under acid hydrolysis conditions, starch is converted to

29) Amylopectin is a polysaccharide which has

30) Glycogen is a polysaccharide which has

Refer to the disaccharides below to answer the question(s) that follow.

33) Hydrolysis of the disaccharide above gives the monosaccharides

34) The disaccharide above contains a(n) _ - glycosidic linkage.

Select the correct carbohydrate for each description.

37) an unbranched carbohydrate

39) a disaccharide consisting of D) Sucrose D

41) a disaccharide found in milk and G) cellulose P

43) a carbohydrate that is used to

44) a carbohydrate that stores energy

45) a disaccharide that occurs as

46) a carbohydrate that cannot be

Indicate the monosaccharide(s) produced upon hydrolysis of each carbohydrate.

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