Class 12 Maths Chapter 5 Continuity and Differentiability

Question 1:

Prove that the function is continuous at

ANSWER:

e
ut
Therefore, f is continuous at x = 0

s tit
In
Therefore, f is continuous at x = −3
sh

Therefore, f is continuous at x = 5
ka

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Question 2:
Aa

Examine the continuity of the function .

ANSWER:
Thus, f is continuous at x = 3

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Question 3:

Examine the following functions for continuity.

te
(a) (b)

itu
(c) (d)
ANSWER:

st
(a) The given function is

It is evident that f is defined at every real number k and its value at k is k − 5.

In
It is also observed that,
sh

Hence, f is continuous at every real number and therefore, it is a continuous function.

(b) The given function is

ka

For any real number k ≠ 5, we obtain

Aa

Hence, f is continuous at every point in the domain of f and therefore, it is a continuous

function.
(c) The given function is

For any real number c ≠ −5, we obtain

te
itu
Hence, f is continuous at every point in the domain of f and therefore, it is a continuous
function.

st
(d) The given function is

This function f is defined at all points of the real line.

In
Let c be a point on a real line. Then, c < 5 or c = 5 or c > 5

Case I: c < 5
sh

Then, f (c) = 5 − c
ka

Therefore, f is continuous at all real numbers less than 5.

Case II : c = 5
Aa

Then,
Therefore, f is continuous at x = 5

Case III: c > 5

te
Therefore, f is continuous at all real numbers greater than 5.

itu
Hence, f is continuous at every real number and therefore, it is a continuous function.

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Question 4:

Prove that the function

st
is continuous at x = n, where n is a positive integer.
In
ANSWER:

The given function is f (x) = xn

It is evident that f is defined at all positive integers, n, and its value at n is nn.
sh
ka

Therefore, f is continuous at n, where n is a positive integer.

Page No 159:
Aa

Question 5:

Is the function f defined by

continuous at x = 0? At x = 1? At x = 2?
ANSWER:

The given function f is

At x = 0,

It is evident that f is defined at 0 and its value at 0 is 0.

te
itu
Therefore, f is continuous at x = 0

st
At x = 1,

f is defined at 1 and its value at 1 is 1.

In
The left hand limit of f at x = 1 is,
sh

The right hand limit of f at x = 1 is,

ka

Therefore, f is not continuous at x = 1

At x = 2,
Aa

f is defined at 2 and its value at 2 is 5.

Therefore, f is continuous at x = 2
 Page No 159:

Question 6:

Find all points of discontinuity of f, where f is defined by

te
ANSWER:

itu
The given function f is

It is evident that the given function f is defined at all the points of the real line.

st
Let c be a point on the real line. Then, three cases arise.

(i) c < 2
In
(ii) c > 2

(iii) c = 2

Case (i) c < 2

sh
ka

Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x < 2

Aa

Case (ii) c > 2

Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x > 2

Case (iii) c = 2

Then, the left hand limit of f at x = 2 is,

The right hand limit of f at x = 2 is,

te
It is observed that the left and right hand limit of f at x = 2 do not coincide.

itu
Therefore, f is not continuous at x = 2

Hence, x = 2 is the only point of discontinuity of f.

st
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Question 7:
In
Find all points of discontinuity of f, where f is defined by
sh

ANSWER:
ka

The given function f is

Aa

The given function f is defined at all the points of the real line.

Let c be a point on the real line.

Case I:
Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x < −3

Case II:

te
itu
Therefore, f is continuous at x = −3

Case III:
st
In
sh

Therefore, f is continuous in (−3, 3).

Case IV:
ka

If c = 3, then the left hand limit of f at x = 3 is,

Aa

The right hand limit of f at x = 3 is,

It is observed that the left and right hand limit of f at x = 3 do not coincide.

Therefore, f is not continuous at x = 3

Case V:

Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x > 3

Hence, x = 3 is the only point of discontinuity of f.

te
Page No 159:

itu
Question 8:

Find all points of discontinuity of f, where f is defined by

st
In
ANSWER:
sh

The given function f is

It is known that,
ka

Therefore, the given function can be rewritten as

Aa

The given function f is defined at all the points of the real line.

Let c be a point on the real line.

Case I:
Therefore, f is continuous at all points x < 0

te
Case II:

If c = 0, then the left hand limit of f at x = 0 is,

itu
The right hand limit of f at x = 0 is,

st
It is observed that the left and right hand limit of f at x = 0 do not coincide.
In
Therefore, f is not continuous at x = 0

Case III:
sh
ka

Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x > 0

Hence, x = 0 is the only point of discontinuity of f.

Aa

Page No 159:

Question 9:

Find all points of discontinuity of f, where f is defined by

ANSWER:

te
The given function f is

itu
It is known that,

Therefore, the given function can be rewritten as

st
In
Let c be any real number. Then,
sh

Also,

Therefore, the given function is a continuous function.

ka

Hence, the given function has no point of discontinuity.

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Question 10:
Aa

Find all points of discontinuity of f, where f is defined by

ANSWER:
The given function f is

The given function f is defined at all the points of the real line.

Let c be a point on the real line.

Case I:

te
itu
Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x < 1

Case II:

st
In
The left hand limit of f at x = 1 is,
sh

The right hand limit of f at x = 1 is,

ka

Therefore, f is continuous at x = 1

Case III:
Aa

Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x > 1

Hence, the given function f has no point of discontinuity.

 Page No 159:

Question 11:

Find all points of discontinuity of f, where f is defined by

te
ANSWER:

itu
The given function f is

The given function f is defined at all the points of the real line.

st
Let c be a point on the real line.

Case I:
In
sh

Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x < 2

Case II:
ka
Aa

Therefore, f is continuous at x = 2

Case III:
Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x > 2

Thus, the given function f is continuous at every point on the real line.

te
Hence, f has no point of discontinuity.

Page No 159:

itu
Question 12:

Find all points of discontinuity of f, where f is defined by

st
In
ANSWER:
sh

The given function f is

The given function f is defined at all the points of the real line.

Let c be a point on the real line.

ka

Case I:
Aa

Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x < 1

Case II:

If c = 1, then the left hand limit of f at x = 1 is,

The right hand limit of f at x = 1 is,

It is observed that the left and right hand limit of f at x = 1 do not coincide.

te
Therefore, f is not continuous at x = 1

Case III:

itu
st
Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x > 1
In
Thus, from the above observation, it can be concluded that x = 1 is the only point of
discontinuity of f.
sh

Page No 159:

Question 13:

Is the function defined by

ka
Aa

a continuous function?
ANSWER:

The given function is

The given function f is defined at all the points of the real line.

Let c be a point on the real line.

Case I:

Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x < 1

te
Case II:

itu
The left hand limit of f at x = 1 is,

The right hand limit of f at x = 1 is,

st
In
It is observed that the left and right hand limit of f at x = 1 do not coincide.

Therefore, f is not continuous at x = 1

sh

Case III:
ka

Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x > 1

Aa

Thus, from the above observation, it can be concluded that x = 1 is the only point of
discontinuity of f.

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Question 14:

Discuss the continuity of the function f, where f is defined by

te
ANSWER:

itu
The given function is

The given function is defined at all points of the interval [0, 10].

st
Let c be a point in the interval [0, 10].

Case I:
In
sh

Therefore, f is continuous in the interval [0, 1).

Case II:
ka

The left hand limit of f at x = 1 is,

Aa

The right hand limit of f at x = 1 is,

It is observed that the left and right hand limits of f at x = 1 do not coincide.

Therefore, f is not continuous at x = 1

Case III:

Therefore, f is continuous at all points of the interval (1, 3).

Case IV:

te
itu
The left hand limit of f at x = 3 is,

st
The right hand limit of f at x = 3 is,
In
It is observed that the left and right hand limits of f at x = 3 do not coincide.

Therefore, f is not continuous at x = 3

sh

Case V:
ka

Therefore, f is continuous at all points of the interval (3, 10].

Aa

Hence, f is not continuous at x = 1 and x = 3

Page No 160:

Question 15:

Discuss the continuity of the function f, where f is defined by

ANSWER:

te
The given function is

The given function is defined at all points of the real line.

itu
Let c be a point on the real line.

Case I:

st
In
Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x < 0
sh

Case II:

The left hand limit of f at x = 0 is,

ka

The right hand limit of f at x = 0 is,

Aa

Therefore, f is continuous at x = 0

Case III:
Therefore, f is continuous at all points of the interval (0, 1).

Case IV:

te
The left hand limit of f at x = 1 is,

itu
The right hand limit of f at x = 1 is,

st
It is observed that the left and right hand limits of f at x = 1 do not coincide.
In
Therefore, f is not continuous at x = 1

Case V:
sh
ka

Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x > 1

Hence, f is not continuous only at x = 1

Page No 160:
Aa

Question 16:

Discuss the continuity of the function f, where f is defined by

ANSWER:

The given function f is

The given function is defined at all points of the real line.

te
Let c be a point on the real line.

Case I:

itu
st
Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x < −1

Case II:
In
The left hand limit of f at x = −1 is,
sh

The right hand limit of f at x = −1 is,

ka
Aa

Therefore, f is continuous at x = −1

Case III:
Therefore, f is continuous at all points of the interval (−1, 1).

Case IV:

The left hand limit of f at x = 1 is,

te
The right hand limit of f at x = 1 is,

itu
Therefore, f is continuous at x = 2

st
Case V:
In
sh

Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x > 1

Thus, from the above observations, it can be concluded that f is continuous at all points of
ka

the real line.

Page No 160:
Aa

Question 17:

Find the relationship between a and b so that the function f defined by

is continuous at x = 3.
ANSWER:
The given function f is

If f is continuous at x = 3, then

te
itu
Therefore, from (1), we obtain

st
In
Therefore, the required relationship is given by,
sh

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Question 18:
ka

For what value of is the function defined by

Aa

continuous at x = 0? What about continuity at x = 1?

ANSWER:

The given function f is

If f is continuous at x = 0, then

te
Therefore, there is no value of λ for which f is continuous at x = 0

At x = 1,

itu
f (1) = 4x + 1 = 4 × 1 + 1 = 5

st
Therefore, for any values of λ, f is continuous at x = 1
In
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Question 19:
sh

Show that the function defined by is discontinuous at all integral point.

Here denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
ANSWER:
ka

The given function is

It is evident that g is defined at all integral points.

Aa

Let n be an integer.

Then,

The left hand limit of f at x = n is,

The right hand limit of f at x = n is,

It is observed that the left and right hand limits of f at x = n do not coincide.

te
Therefore, f is not continuous at x = n

Hence, g is discontinuous at all integral points.

itu
Page No 160:

Question 20:

Is the function defined by

ANSWER:

st continuous at x = ππ?
In
The given function is

It is evident that f is defined at x = ππ.

sh
ka
Aa
 te
itu
st
Therefore, the given function f is continuous at x = π
In
Page No 160:

Question 21:
sh

Discuss the continuity of the following functions.

(a) f (x) = sin x + cos x

ka

(b) f (x) = sin x − cos x

(c) f (x) = sin x × cos x

ANSWER:
Aa

It is known that if g and h are two continuous functions, then

are also continuous.

It has to proved first that g (x) = sin x and h (x) = cos x are continuous functions.

Let g (x) = sin x

It is evident that g (x) = sin x is defined for every real number.

Let c be a real number. Put x = c + h

If x → c, then h → 0

te
itu
Therefore, g is a continuous function.

st
Let h (x) = cos x
In
It is evident that h (x) = cos x is defined for every real number.

Let c be a real number. Put x = c + h

sh

If x → c, then h → 0

h (c) = cos c
ka
Aa

Therefore, h is a continuous function.

Therefore, it can be concluded that

(a) f (x) = g (x) + h (x) = sin x + cos x is a continuous function

(b) f (x) = g (x) − h (x) = sin x − cos x is a continuous function

(c) f (x) = g (x) × h (x) = sin x × cos x is a continuous function

Page No 160:

te
Question 22:

itu
Discuss the continuity of the cosine, cosecant, secant and cotangent functions,
ANSWER:

It is known that if g and h are two continuous functions, then

st
In
sh

It has to be proved first that g (x) = sin x and h (x) = cos x are continuous functions.

Let g (x) = sin x

ka

It is evident that g (x) = sin x is defined for every real number.

Let c be a real number. Put x = c + h

Aa

If x c, then h 0
 te
itu
Therefore, g is a continuous function.

Let h (x) = cos x

st
It is evident that h (x) = cos x is defined for every real number.
In
Let c be a real number. Put x = c + h

If x ® c, then h ® 0

h (c) = cos c
sh
ka
Aa

Therefore, h (x) = cos x is continuous function.

It can be concluded that,

Therefore, cosecant is continuous except at x = np, n Î Z

te
itu
Therefore, secant is continuous except at

st
Therefore, cotangent is continuous except at x = np, n Î Z
In
Page No 160:

Question 23:
sh

Find the points of discontinuity of f, where

ka

ANSWER:
Aa

The given function f is

It is evident that f is defined at all points of the real line.

Let c be a real number.

Case I:
Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x < 0

Case II:

te
itu
Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x > 0

Case III:

The left hand limit of f at x = 0 is,

st
In
The right hand limit of f at x = 0 is,
sh
ka

Therefore, f is continuous at x = 0

From the above observations, it can be concluded that f is continuous at all points of the
real line.
Aa

Thus, f has no point of discontinuity.

Page No 160:

Question 24:

Determine if f defined by
is a continuous function?
ANSWER:

te
The given function f is

itu
It is evident that f is defined at all points of the real line.

Let c be a real number.

st
Case I: In
sh

Therefore, f is continuous at all points x ≠ 0

Case II:
ka
Aa

⇒−x2≤x2sin1x≤x2⇒-x2≤x2sin1x≤x2
 te
itu
Therefore, f is continuous at x = 0

From the above observations, it can be concluded that f is continuous at every point of the

st
real line.

Thus, f is a continuous function.

In
Page No 161:
sh

Question 25:

Examine the continuity of f, where f is defined by

ka

ANSWER:
Aa

The given function f is

It is evident that f is defined at all points of the real line.

Let c be a real number.

Case I:
Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x ≠ 0

Case II:

te
itu
Therefore, f is continuous at x = 0

st
From the above observations, it can be concluded that f is continuous at every point of the
In
real line.

Thus, f is a continuous function.

Page No 161:
sh

Question 26:

Find the values of k so that the function f is continuous at the indicated point.
ka
Aa

ANSWER:

The given function f is

The given function f is continuous at , if f is defined at and if the value of

the f at equals the limit of f at .

It is evident that f is defined at and

te
itu
st
In
sh
ka

Therefore, the required value of k is 6.

Page No 161:

Question 27:
Aa

Find the values of k so that the function f is continuous at the indicated point.

ANSWER:
The given function is

The given function f is continuous at x = 2, if f is defined at x = 2 and if the value of f at x = 2

equals the limit of f at x = 2

It is evident that f is defined at x = 2 and

te
itu
st
In
Therefore, the required value of .

Page No 161:
sh

Question 28:

Find the values of k so that the function f is continuous at the indicated point.
ka

ANSWER:
Aa

The given function is

The given function f is continuous at x = p, if f is defined at x = p and if the value

of f at x = p equals the limit of f at x = p

It is evident that f is defined at x = p and

 te
Therefore, the required value of

itu
Page No 161:

Question 29:

Find the values of k so that the function f is continuous at the indicated point.

st
In
ANSWER:
sh

The given function f is

The given function f is continuous at x = 5, if f is defined at x = 5 and if the value of f at x = 5

equals the limit of f at x = 5
ka

It is evident that f is defined at x = 5 and

Aa
Therefore, the required value of

Page No 161:

te
Question 30:

Find the values of a and b such that the function defined by

itu
st
is a continuous function.
ANSWER:
In
The given function f is
sh

It is evident that the given function f is defined at all points of the real line.

If f is a continuous function, then f is continuous at all real numbers.

ka

In particular, f is continuous at x = 2 and x = 10

Since f is continuous at x = 2, we obtain

Aa

Since f is continuous at x = 10, we obtain

On subtracting equation (1) from equation (2), we obtain

te
8a = 16

⇒a=2

itu
By putting a = 2 in equation (1), we obtain

2×2+b=5

st
⇒4+b=5

⇒b=1
In
Therefore, the values of a and b for which f is a continuous function are 2 and 1
respectively.
sh

Page No 161:

Question 31:
ka

Show that the function defined by f (x) = cos (x2) is a continuous function.
ANSWER:
Aa

The given function is f (x) = cos (x2)

This function f is defined for every real number and f can be written as the composition of
two functions as,

f = g o h, where g (x) = cos x and h (x) = x2

It has to be first proved that g (x) = cos x and h (x) = x2 are continuous functions.

It is evident that g is defined for every real number.

Let c be a real number.

Then, g (c) = cos c

te
itu
st
In
Therefore, g (x) = cos x is continuous function.
sh

h (x) = x2

Clearly, h is defined for every real number.

Let k be a real number, then h (k) = k2

ka
Aa

Therefore, h is a continuous function.

It is known that for real valued functions g and h,such that (g o h) is defined at c, if g is
continuous at c and if f is continuous at g (c), then (f o g) is continuous at c.

Therefore, is a continuous function.

Page No 161:
Question 32:

Show that the function defined by is a continuous function.

ANSWER:

The given function is

te
This function f is defined for every real number and f can be written as the composition of
two functions as,

itu
f = g o h, where

st
It has to be first proved that In are continuous functions.

Clearly, g is defined for all real numbers.

sh

Let c be a real number.

Case I:
ka
Aa

Therefore, g is continuous at all points x, such that x < 0

Case II:

Therefore, g is continuous at all points x, such that x > 0

Case III:

te
Therefore, g is continuous at x = 0

itu
From the above three observations, it can be concluded that g is continuous at all points.

h (x) = cos x

It is evident that h (x) = cos x is defined for every real number.

Let c be a real number. Put x = c + h

st
In
If x → c, then h → 0

h (c) = cos c
sh
ka
Aa

Therefore, h (x) = cos x is a continuous function.

It is known that for real valued functions g and h,such that (g o h) is defined at c, if g is
continuous at c and if f is continuous at g (c), then (f o g) is continuous at c.

Therefore, is a continuous function.

 Page No 161:

Question 33:

Examine that is a continuous function.

ANSWER:

te
This function f is defined for every real number and f can be written as the composition of
two functions as,

itu
f = g o h, where

It has to be proved first that

st are continuous functions.

In
sh

Clearly, g is defined for all real numbers.

Let c be a real number.

ka

Case I:
Aa

Therefore, g is continuous at all points x, such that x < 0

Case II:
Therefore, g is continuous at all points x, such that x > 0

Case III:

te
itu
Therefore, g is continuous at x = 0

From the above three observations, it can be concluded that g is continuous at all points.

h (x) = sin x

st
It is evident that h (x) = sin x is defined for every real number.
In
Let c be a real number. Put x = c + k

If x → c, then k → 0

h (c) = sin c
sh
ka
Aa

Therefore, h is a continuous function.

It is known that for real valued functions g and h,such that (g o h) is defined at c, if g is
continuous at c and if f is continuous at g (c), then (f o g) is continuous at c.
Therefore, is a continuous function.

Page No 161:

Question 34:

Find all the points of discontinuity of f defined by .

te
ANSWER:

The given function is

itu
The two functions, g and h, are defined as

Then, f = g − h

The continuity of g and h is examined first.

st
In
sh

Clearly, g is defined for all real numbers.

Let c be a real number.

ka

Case I:
Aa

Therefore, g is continuous at all points x, such that x < 0

Case II:
Therefore, g is continuous at all points x, such that x > 0

Case III:

te
itu
Therefore, g is continuous at x = 0

From the above three observations, it can be concluded that g is continuous at all points.

st
In
Clearly, h is defined for every real number.

Let c be a real number.

sh

Case I:
ka

Therefore, h is continuous at all points x, such that x < −1

Case II:
Aa

Therefore, h is continuous at all points x, such that x > −1

Case III:
 te
Therefore, h is continuous at x = −1

From the above three observations, it can be concluded that h is continuous at all points of

itu
the real line.

g and h are continuous functions. Therefore, f = g − h is also a continuous function.

Therefore, f has no point of discontinuity.

st
In
Page No 166:

Question 1:
sh

Differentiate the functions with respect to x.

ka

ANSWER:

Let f(x)=sin(x2+5), u(x)=x2+5, and v(t)=sintLet f(x)=sinx2+5, ux=x2+5, and v(t)=sint

Then, (vou)=v(u(x))=v(x2+5)=tan(x2+5)=f(x)Then, vou=vux=vx2+5=tanx2+5=f(x)
Aa

Thus, f is a composite of two functions.

 te
Alternate method

itu
st
In
Page No 166:

Question 2:
sh

Differentiate the functions with respect to x.

ANSWER:
ka
Aa

Thus, f is a composite function of two functions.

Put t = u (x) = sin x

By chain rule,

Alternate method

te
Page No 166:

Question 3:

itu
Differentiate the functions with respect to x.

ANSWER:

st
In
Thus, f is a composite function of two functions, u and v.

Put t = u (x) = ax + b
sh
ka

Hence, by chain rule, we obtain

Aa

Alternate method
 te
Page No 166:

Question 4:

itu
Differentiate the functions with respect to x.

st
ANSWER: In
Thus, f is a composite function of three functions, u, v, and w.
sh
ka
Aa

Hence, by chain rule, we obtain

 te
Alternate method

itu
st
In
Page No 166:
sh

Question 5:

Differentiate the functions with respect to x.

ka

ANSWER:
Aa

The given function is , where g (x) = sin (ax + b) and

h (x) = cos (cx + d)

∴ g is a composite function of two functions, u and v.

te
itu
Therefore, by chain rule, we obtain

st
In
∴h is a composite function of two functions, p and q.
sh

Put y = p (x) = cx + d
ka

Therefore, by chain rule, we obtain

Aa
 Page No 166:

te
Question 6:

itu
Differentiate the functions with respect to x.

ANSWER:

The given function is .

st
In
sh
ka

Page No 166:

Question 7:
Aa

Differentiate the functions with respect to x.

ANSWER:
 te
itu
st
In
Page No 166:

Question 8:
sh

Differentiate the functions with respect to x.

ANSWER:
ka
Aa

Clearly, f is a composite function of two functions, u and v, such that

 te
itu
By using chain rule, we obtain

st
In
sh

Alternate method
ka
Aa

Page No 166:

Question 9:

Prove that the function f given by

 is notdifferentiable at x = 1.
ANSWER:

The given function is

It is known that a function f is differentiable at a point x = c in its domain if both

te
are finite and equal.

itu
To check the differentiability of the given function at x = 1,

consider the left hand limit of f at x = 1

st
In
sh
ka

Since the left and right hand limits of f at x = 1 are not equal, f is not differentiable at x = 1

Page No 166:
Aa

Question 10:

Prove that the greatest integer function defined by is not

differentiable at x = 1 and x = 2.
ANSWER:
The given function f is

It is known that a function f is differentiable at a point x = c in its domain if both

are finite and equal.

To check the differentiability of the given function at x = 1, consider the left hand limit

te
of f at x = 1

itu
st
In
Since the left and right hand limits of f at x = 1 are not equal, f is not differentiable at
sh

x=1

To check the differentiability of the given function at x = 2, consider the left hand limit

of f at x = 2
ka
Aa

Since the left and right hand limits of f at x = 2 are not equal, f is not differentiable at x = 2
 Page No 169:

Question 1:

te
Find :

itu
ANSWER:

The given relationship is

st
Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain
In
sh
ka

Page No 169:

Question 2:
Aa

Find :

ANSWER:

The given relationship is

Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain

te
itu
Page No 169:

Question 3:

Find :

st
In
ANSWER:

The given relationship is

sh

Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain

ka
Aa

Using chain rule, we obtain and

From (1) and (2), we obtain

 Page No 169:

te
Question 4:

itu
Find :

st
ANSWER:

The given relationship is

In
Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain
sh
ka
Aa

Page No 169:

Question 5:

Find :
ANSWER:

The given relationship is

Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain

te
itu
[Derivative of constant function is 0]

st
In
Page No 169:
sh

Question 6:
ka

Find :

ANSWER:
Aa

The given relationship is

Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain

 te
itu
Page No 169:

Question 7:

st
In
Find :

ANSWER:
sh

The given relationship is

Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain

ka
Aa

Using chain rule, we obtain

From (1), (2), and (3), we obtain

te
itu
st
Page No 169:
In
Question 8:
sh

Find :

ANSWER:
ka

The given relationship is

Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain

Aa
 te
itu
Page No 169:

st
Question 9:

Find :
In
ANSWER:
sh

We have,y = sin−1[2x1 + x2]put x = tan θ ⇒ θ = tan−1xNow, y = sin−1[2 tan θ1 + tan2θ]⇒y

= sin−1(sin 2θ), (as sin 2θ=2 tan θ1 + tan2θ)⇒y = 2θ, (as sin−1(sin x)=x)⇒y = 2 tan−1x⇒dyd
x = 2 × 11 + x2, {because d(tan−1x)dx=11 + x2}⇒dydx = 21 + x2We have,y = sin-
ka

12x1 + x2put x = tan θ ⇒ θ = tan-1xNow, y = sin-12 tan θ1 + tan2θ⇒y = sin-

1sin 2θ, as sin 2θ=2 tan θ1 + tan2θ⇒y = 2θ, as sin-1sin x=x⇒y = 2 tan-
1x⇒dydx = 2 × 11 + x2, because dtan-1xdx=11 + x2⇒dydx = 21 + x2

Page No 169:
Aa

Question 10:

Find :
ANSWER:

The given relationship is

te
itu
It is known that,

st
Comparing equations (1) and (2), we obtain
In
Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain
sh
ka
Aa

Page No 169:

Question 11:

Find :
ANSWER:

The given relationship is,

te
itu
st
On comparing L.H.S. and R.H.S. of the above relationship, we obtain
In
Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain

sec2(y2).ddx(y2)=ddx(x)sec2y2.ddxy2=ddxx
sh

⇒sec2y2×12dydx=1⇒sec2y2×12dydx=1
⇒dydx=2sec2y2⇒dydx=2sec2y2
⇒dydx=21+tan2y2⇒dydx=21+tan2y2
∴ dydx=21+x2dydx=21+x2
ka

Page No 169:

Question 12:
Aa

Find :

ANSWER:
The given relationship is

te
Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain

itu
Using chain rule, we obtain

st
In
sh
ka
Aa
From (1), (2), and (3), we obtain

Alternate method

te
itu
⇒

st
In
sh
ka
Aa

Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain

 te
itu
Page No 169:

Question 13:

Find :

st
In
ANSWER:
sh

The given relationship is

ka
Aa

Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain

 te
itu
st
In
Page No 169:

Question 14:
sh

Find :
ka

ANSWER:

The given relationship is

Aa

Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain

 te
itu
st
Page No 169:
In
Question 15:
sh

Find :
ka

ANSWER:

The given relationship is

Aa
 te
Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain

itu
st
In
sh
ka

Page No 174:

Question 1:
Aa

Differentiate the following w.r.t. x:

ANSWER:

Let
By using the quotient rule, we obtain

te
Page No 174:

itu
Question 2:

Differentiate the following w.r.t. x:

ANSWER:

st
In
Let

By using the chain rule, we obtain

sh
ka
Aa

Page No 174:

Question 3:

Differentiate the following w.r.t. x:

ANSWER:

Let

By using the chain rule, we obtain

te
Page No 174:

itu
Question 4:

Differentiate the following w.r.t. x:

ANSWER:
st
In
Let

By using the chain rule, we obtain

sh
ka
Aa

Page No 174:
Question 5:

Differentiate the following w.r.t. x:

ANSWER:

te
Let

By using the chain rule, we obtain

itu
st
In
Page No 174:
sh

Question 6:

Differentiate the following w.r.t. x:

ka

ANSWER:
Aa
 Page No 174:

Question 7:

Differentiate the following w.r.t. x:

ANSWER:

te
Let

itu
Then,

By differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain

st
In
sh
ka

Page No 174:
Aa

Question 8:

Differentiate the following w.r.t. x:

ANSWER:

Let
By using the chain rule, we obtain

te
,x>1

itu
Page No 174:

Question 9:

st
Differentiate the following w.r.t. x:
In
ANSWER:
sh

Let

By using the quotient rule, we obtain

ka
Aa

Page No 174:

Question 10:
Differentiate the following w.r.t. x:

ANSWER:

Let

te
By using the chain rule, we obtain

itu
st
In
Page No 178:
sh

Question 1:

Differentiate the function with respect to x.

ka

ANSWER:
Aa

Taking logarithm on both the sides, we obtain

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

 Page No 178:

te
Question 2:

itu
Differentiate the function with respect to x.

st
ANSWER: In
Taking logarithm on both the sides, we obtain
sh
ka
Aa

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

 te
Page No 178:

itu
Question 3:

Differentiate the function with respect to x.

ANSWER:

st
In
Taking logarithm on both the sides, we obtain
sh

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

ka
Aa

Page No 178:

Question 4:
Differentiate the function with respect to x.

ANSWER:

te
itu
u = xx

Taking logarithm on both the sides, we obtain

st
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain
In
sh
ka

v = 2sin x

Taking logarithm on both the sides with respect to x, we obtain

Aa

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

 te
Page No 178:

itu
Question 5:

Differentiate the function with respect to x.

ANSWER:

st
In
Taking logarithm on both the sides, we obtain
sh

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

ka
Aa
 te
itu
Page No 178:

st
Question 6:

Differentiate the function with respect to x.

In
ANSWER:
sh
ka
Aa
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

te
itu
st
In
sh
ka

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

Aa
 te
itu
Therefore, from (1), (2), and (3), we obtain

st
Page No 178:
In
Question 7:

Differentiate the function with respect to x.

sh

ANSWER:
ka
Aa

u = (log x)x

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

 te
itu
st
In
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain
sh
ka
Aa

Therefore, from (1), (2), and (3), we obtain

Page No 178:

Question 8:
Differentiate the function with respect to x.

ANSWER:

te
itu
st
In
sh
ka

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

Aa

Therefore, from (1), (2), and (3), we obtain

 Page No 178:

Question 9:

Differentiate the function with respect to x.

te
ANSWER:

itu
st
In
sh

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

ka
Aa

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

 te
itu
From (1), (2), and (3), we obtain

Question 10:
st
Page No 178:
In
Differentiate the function with respect to x.
sh

ANSWER:
ka
Aa

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

 te
itu
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

st
In
sh

From (1), (2), and (3), we obtain

ka
Aa

Page No 178:

Question 11:

Differentiate the function with respect to x.

ANSWER:
 te
itu
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

st
In
sh
ka
Aa
 te
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

itu
st
In
sh
ka

From (1), (2), and (3), we obtain

Aa

Page No 178:

Question 12:
Find of function.

ANSWER:

The given function is

te
Let xy = u and yx = v

Then, the function becomes u + v = 1

itu
st
In
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain
sh
ka
Aa

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

 te
From (1), (2), and (3), we obtain

itu
st
Page No 178:
In
Question 13:

Find of function.
sh

ANSWER:
ka

The given function is

Taking logarithm on both the sides, we obtain

Aa

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

 te
itu
Page No 178:

Question 14:

st
In
Find of function.
sh

ANSWER:

The given function is

ka

Taking logarithm on both the sides, we obtain

Differentiating both sides, we obtain

Aa
 te
itu
Page No 178:

st
Question 15: In
Find of function.

ANSWER:
sh

The given function is

Taking logarithm on both the sides, we obtain

ka
Aa

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

 te
itu
Page No 178:

Question 16:

Find the derivative of the function given by

find .
st and hence
In
ANSWER:

The given relationship is

sh

Taking logarithm on both the sides, we obtain

ka

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

Aa
 te
itu
st
In
Page No 178:

Question 17:
sh

Differentiate in three ways mentioned below

(i) By using product rule.

ka

(ii) By expanding the product to obtain a single polynomial.

(iii By logarithmic differentiation.

Do they all give the same answer?

Aa

ANSWER:

(i)
 te
itu
st
(ii) In
sh
ka

(iii)
Aa

Taking logarithm on both the sides, we obtain

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

 te
itu
st
In
From the above three observations, it can be concluded that all the results of are same.
sh

Page No 179:
ka

Question 18:

If u, v and w are functions of x, then show that

Aa

in two ways-first by repeated application of product rule, second by logarithmic

differentiation.
ANSWER:

Let
By applying product rule, we obtain

te
By taking logarithm on both sides of the equation , we obtain

itu
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

st
In
sh
ka

Page No 181:
Aa

Question 1:

If x and y are connected parametrically by the equation, without eliminating the parameter,

find .

ANSWER:
The given equations are

te
itu
Page No 181:

Question 2:

st
If x and y are connected parametrically by the equation, without eliminating the parameter,

find .
In
x = a cos θ, y = b cos θ
ANSWER:

The given equations are x = a cos θ and y = b cos θ

sh
ka
Aa

Page No 181:

Question 3:

If x and y are connected parametrically by the equation, without eliminating the parameter,

find .
x = sin t, y = cos 2t
ANSWER:

The given equations are x = sin t and y = cos 2t

te
itu
Page No 181:

Question 4:

st
If x and y are connected parametrically by the equation, without eliminating the parameter,
In
find .
sh

ANSWER:
ka

The given equations are

Aa

Page No 181:
Question 5:

If x and y are connected parametrically by the equation, without eliminating the parameter,

find .

ANSWER:

te
The given equations are

itu
st
In
Page No 181:
sh

Question 6:

If x and y are connected parametrically by the equation, without eliminating the parameter,
ka

find .
Aa

ANSWER:

The given equations are

 te
Page No 181:

itu
Question 7:

If x and y are connected parametrically by the equation, without eliminating the parameter,

st
find . In
ANSWER:
sh

The given equations are

ka
Aa
 te
itu
st
In
sh
ka
Aa

Page No 181:

Question 8:

If x and y are connected parametrically by the equation, without eliminating the parameter,

find .
ANSWER:

The given equations are

te
itu
st
In
sh
ka
Aa

Page No 181:
Question 9:

If x and y are connected parametrically by the equation, without eliminating the parameter,

find .

ANSWER:

te
The given equations are

itu
st
In
Page No 181:

Question 10:
sh

If x and y are connected parametrically by the equation, without eliminating the parameter,

find .
ka

ANSWER:
Aa

The given equations are

 te
itu
Page No 181:

st
Question 11: In
If
ANSWER:

The given equations are

sh
ka
Aa
 te
itu
st
Hence, proved.
In
sh

Page No 183:

Question 1:
ka

Find the second order derivatives of the function.

ANSWER:
Aa

Let

Then,
 Page No 183:

Question 2:

Find the second order derivatives of the function.

ANSWER:

te
Let

itu
Then,

st
Page No 183:
In
Question 3:

Find the second order derivatives of the function.

sh

ANSWER:

Let
ka

Then,
Aa
 Page No 183:

Question 4:

Find the second order derivatives of the function.

ANSWER:

te
Let

Then,

itu
st
Page No 183:
In
Question 5:

Find the second order derivatives of the function.

sh

ANSWER:
ka

Let

Then,
Aa
 te
itu
st
Page No 183:

Question 6:
In
Find the second order derivatives of the function.
sh

ANSWER:

Let
ka
Aa
 te
itu
Then,

st
Page No 183:

Question 7:
In
Find the second order derivatives of the function.

ANSWER:
sh

Let

Then,
ka
Aa
 te
itu
st
Page No 183:

Question 8:
In
Find the second order derivatives of the function.
sh

ANSWER:

Let

Then,
ka
Aa

Page No 183:

Question 9:
Find the second order derivatives of the function.

ANSWER:

Let

te
Then,

itu
st
In
Page No 183:

Question 10:
sh

Find the second order derivatives of the function.

ANSWER:
ka

Let

Then,
Aa
 te
itu
st
Page No 183:
In
Question 11:

If , prove that
sh

ANSWER:

It is given that,
ka

Then,
Aa
 te
itu
Hence, proved.

st
In
Page No 184:

Question 12:
sh

If find in terms of y alone.

ANSWER:
ka

It is given that,

Then,
Aa
 te
itu
st
In
sh
ka

Page No 184:

Question 13:
Aa

If , show that
ANSWER:

It is given that,

Then,
 te
itu
st
In
sh
ka
Aa

Hence, proved.

Page No 184:

Question 14:

If show that
ANSWER:

It is given that,

Then,

te
itu
st
In
Hence, proved.

Page No 184:

Question 15:
sh

If , show that
ANSWER:
ka

It is given that,

Then,
Aa
 te
itu
st
Hence, proved.

Page No 184:
In
Question 16:

If , show that
sh

ANSWER:

The given relationship is

ka
Aa

Taking logarithm on both the sides, we obtain

Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain

 te
itu
Hence, proved.

Page No 184:

Question 17:

If , show that

st
In
ANSWER:

The given relationship is

sh

Then,
ka
Aa

Hence, proved.
 Page No 186:

Question 1:

Verify Rolle’s Theorem for the function

ANSWER:

te
The given function, , being a polynomial function, is continuous in [−4, 2]
and is differentiable in (−4, 2).

itu
∴ f (−4) = f (2) = 0

⇒ The value of f (x) at −4 and 2 coincides.

st
In
Rolle’s Theorem states that there is a point c ∈ (−4, 2) such that
sh
ka

Hence, Rolle’s Theorem is verified for the given function.

Page No 186:

Question 2:
Aa

Examine if Rolle’s Theorem is applicable to any of the following functions. Can you say
some thing about the converse of Rolle’s Theorem from these examples?

(i)

(ii)
(iii)
ANSWER:

By Rolle’s Theorem, for a function , if

(a) f is continuous on [a, b]

te
(b) f is differentiable on (a, b)

(c) f (a) = f (b)

itu
then, there exists some c ∈ (a, b) such that

Therefore, Rolle’s Theorem is not applicable to those functions that do not satisfy any of the
three conditions of the hypothesis.

(i)

st
In
It is evident that the given function f (x) is not continuous at every integral point.

In particular, f(x) is not continuous at x = 5 and x = 9

⇒ f (x) is not continuous in [5, 9].

sh
ka

The differentiability of f in (5, 9) is checked as follows.

Let n be an integer such that n ∈ (5, 9).

Aa

Since the left and right hand limits of f at x = n are not equal, f is not differentiable at x = n
∴f is not differentiable in (5, 9).

It is observed that f does not satisfy all the conditions of the hypothesis of Rolle’s Theorem.

Hence, Rolle’s Theorem is not applicable for .

(ii)

te
It is evident that the given function f (x) is not continuous at every integral point.

In particular, f(x) is not continuous at x = −2 and x = 2

itu
⇒ f (x) is not continuous in [−2, 2].

st
The differentiability of f in (−2, 2) is checked as follows.
In
Let n be an integer such that n ∈ (−2, 2).
sh
ka

Since the left and right hand limits of f at x = n are not equal, f is not differentiable at x = n

∴f is not differentiable in (−2, 2).

Aa

It is observed that f does not satisfy all the conditions of the hypothesis of Rolle’s Theorem.

Hence, Rolle’s Theorem is not applicable for .

(iii)

It is evident that f, being a polynomial function, is continuous in [1, 2] and is differentiable in

(1, 2).
∴f (1) ≠ f (2)

It is observed that f does not satisfy a condition of the hypothesis of Rolle’s Theorem.

te
Hence, Rolle’s Theorem is not applicable for .

Page No 186:

itu
Question 3:

If is a differentiable function and if does not vanish anywhere, then

st
prove that .
ANSWER:
In
It is given that is a differentiable function.

Since every differentiable function is a continuous function, we obtain

(a) f is continuous on [−5, 5].

sh

(b) f is differentiable on (−5, 5).

Therefore, by the Mean Value Theorem, there exists c ∈ (−5, 5) such that
ka
Aa

It is also given that does not vanish anywhere.

Hence, proved.

Page No 186:

Question 4:

Verify Mean Value Theorem, if in the interval , where and

.

te
ANSWER:

The given function is

itu
f, being a polynomial function, is continuous in [1, 4] and is differentiable in (1, 4) whose
derivative is 2x − 4.

st
In
Mean Value Theorem states that there is a point c ∈ (1, 4) such that
sh
ka

Hence, Mean Value Theorem is verified for the given function.

Page No 186:

Question 5:
Aa

Verify Mean Value Theorem, if in the interval [a, b], where a = 1 and b =
3. Find all for which
ANSWER:

The given function f is

f, being a polynomial function, is continuous in [1, 3] and is differentiable in (1, 3) whose
derivative is 3x2 − 10x − 3.

te
Mean Value Theorem states that there exist a point c ∈ (1, 3) such that

itu
st
In
Hence, Mean Value Theorem is verified for the given function and is the only
point for which
sh

Page No 186:

Question 6:
ka

Examine the applicability of Mean Value Theorem for all three functions given in the above
exercise 2.
ANSWER:
Aa

Mean Value Theorem states that for a function , if

(a) f is continuous on [a, b]

(b) f is differentiable on (a, b)

then, there exists some c ∈ (a, b) such that

Therefore, Mean Value Theorem is not applicable to those functions that do not satisfy any
of the two conditions of the hypothesis.

(i)

It is evident that the given function f (x) is not continuous at every integral point.

In particular, f(x) is not continuous at x = 5 and x = 9

te
⇒ f (x) is not continuous in [5, 9].

The differentiability of f in (5, 9) is checked as follows.

itu
Let n be an integer such that n ∈ (5, 9).

st
In
Since the left and right hand limits of f at x = n are not equal, f is not differentiable at x = n
sh

∴f is not differentiable in (5, 9).

It is observed that f does not satisfy all the conditions of the hypothesis of Mean Value
Theorem.
ka

Hence, Mean Value Theorem is not applicable for .

(ii)
Aa

It is evident that the given function f (x) is not continuous at every integral point.

In particular, f(x) is not continuous at x = −2 and x = 2

⇒ f (x) is not continuous in [−2, 2].

The differentiability of f in (−2, 2) is checked as follows.

Let n be an integer such that n ∈ (−2, 2).

te
Since the left and right hand limits of f at x = n are not equal, f is not differentiable at x = n

itu
∴f is not differentiable in (−2, 2).

It is observed that f does not satisfy all the conditions of the hypothesis of Mean Value
Theorem.

Hence, Mean Value Theorem is not applicable for

st .
In
(iii)

It is evident that f, being a polynomial function, is continuous in [1, 2] and is differentiable in

(1, 2).
sh

It is observed that f satisfies all the conditions of the hypothesis of Mean Value Theorem.

Hence, Mean Value Theorem is applicable for .

ka

It can be proved as follows.

Aa
 Page No 191:

Question 1:

te
ANSWER:

itu
Using chain rule, we obtain

st
In
sh

Page No 191:
ka

Question 2:

ANSWER:
Aa
 Page No 191:

Question 3:

ANSWER:

te
Taking logarithm on both the sides, we obtain

itu
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

st
In
sh
ka

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Question 4:
Aa

ANSWER:

Using chain rule, we obtain

 te
itu
st
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Question 5:
In
ANSWER:
sh
ka
Aa
 te
itu
st
In
sh

Page No 191:
ka

Question 6:
Aa

ANSWER:
 te
itu
st
In
Therefore, equation (1) becomes
sh
ka
Aa

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Question 7:

ANSWER:
Taking logarithm on both the sides, we obtain

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

te
itu
st
In
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Question 8:
sh

, for some constant a and b.

ANSWER:
ka

By using chain rule, we obtain

Aa

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Question 9:

ANSWER:

te
Taking logarithm on both the sides, we obtain

itu
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

st
In
sh
ka

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Question 10:
Aa

, for some fixed and

ANSWER:
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

te
itu
st
In
sh

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

ka
Aa

s = aa

Since a is constant, aa is also a constant.

From (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5), we obtain

 Page No 191:

Question 11:

te
, for
ANSWER:

itu
st
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain
In
sh
ka

Differentiating with respect to x, we obtain

Aa

Also,
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

te
itu
Substituting the expressions of
st
in equation (1), we obtain
In
sh

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Question 12:
ka

Find , if
ANSWER:
Aa
 Page No 191:

Question 13:

Find , if
ANSWER:

te
itu
st
In
sh

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ka

Question 14:

If , for, −1 < x <1, prove that

Aa

ANSWER:

It is given that,
 te
itu
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

st
In
sh

Hence, proved.

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Question 15:
ka

If , for some prove that

Aa

is a constant independent of a and b.

ANSWER:

It is given that,
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

te
itu
st
In
sh
ka
Aa
 te
itu
st
In
sh
ka

Hence, proved.
Aa

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Question 16:

If with prove that

ANSWER:

te
itu
Then, equation (1) reduces to

st
In
⇒sin(a+y−y)dydx=cos2(a+y)⇒dydx=cos2(a+y)sina⇒sina+y-
ydydx=cos2a+y⇒dydx=cos2a+ysina
sh

Hence, proved.

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Question 17:
ka

If and , find
ANSWER:
Aa
 te
itu
st
In
sh

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ka

Question 18:

If , show that exists for all real x, and find it.

ANSWER:
Aa

It is known that,

Therefore, when x ≥ 0,

In this case, and hence,

When x < 0,

In this case, and hence,

Thus, for , exists for all real x and is given by,

te
Page No 192:

itu
Question 19:

st
Using mathematical induction prove that for all positive integers n.
ANSWER:
In
For n = 1,
sh

∴P(n) is true for n = 1

ka

Let P(k) is true for some positive integer k.

That is,
Aa

It has to be proved that P(k + 1) is also true.

 te
Thus, P(k + 1) is true whenever P (k) is true.

itu
Therefore, by the principle of mathematical induction, the statement P(n) is true for every
positive integer n.

st
Hence, proved.

Page No 192:
In
Question 20:

Using the fact that sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B and the differentiation, obtain the
sum formula for cosines.
ANSWER:
sh

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain

ka
Aa
 te
itu
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Question 21:

st
In
Does there exist a function which is continuos everywhere but not differentiable at exactly
two points? Justify your answer ?
ANSWER:

y={|x| −∞<x≤1 2−x 1≤x≤∞y=x -∞<x≤1 2-x 1≤x≤∞

sh
ka
Aa

It can be seen from the above graph that, the given function is continuos everywhere but
not differentiable at exactly two points which are 0 and 1.

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Question 22:

If , prove that
ANSWER:

te
itu
st
In
sh

Thus,

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ka

Question 23:

If , show that
Aa

ANSWER:

It is given that,
Aa
ka
sh
In
st
itu
te