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SPS Design Report

The document summarizes the process of designing a basic solar power system for a home. It includes assessing the home's load profile, sizing the solar panel array, batteries, charge controller, inverter, and cables. As an example, it designs a solar power system to meet the needs of Home 1 based on its load profile of daily power consumption. The key components selected for Home 1 include a 2000W solar array, 8 deep cycle lead-acid batteries, a 39.46A charge controller, a 4.97kVA inverter, and cables sized according to the maximum current load and voltage drop.

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BISHAL Adhikari
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69 views

SPS Design Report

The document summarizes the process of designing a basic solar power system for a home. It includes assessing the home's load profile, sizing the solar panel array, batteries, charge controller, inverter, and cables. As an example, it designs a solar power system to meet the needs of Home 1 based on its load profile of daily power consumption. The key components selected for Home 1 include a 2000W solar array, 8 deep cycle lead-acid batteries, a 39.46A charge controller, a 4.97kVA inverter, and cables sized according to the maximum current load and voltage drop.

Uploaded by

BISHAL Adhikari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

A report on

Basic Solar Power System Design


prepared by
Bishal Adhikari
THA076BIE011

Table of Contents
Introduction 2
Assessment of Load Profile 3

Array Sizing 4

Battery Sizing 6

Charge Controller or Charge Regulator 7

Inverter Sizing 8

Cable Sizing 8

Introduction
This report has been prepared with an aim to understand and be
able to reproduce the methods of designing a basic solar power

2
system(SPS) for home requirements. A solar power system is the
system that harnesses the energy of the sun to generate electricity, can
store the electricity and is able to distribute the electricity to run electrical
appliances in a safe and sufficient way.
When we are talking about home appliances, it includes all
appliances either DC or AC used in homes like induction cookers, water
heater, lighting bulbs,etc. With a basic SPS design, we can implement
that design in our own homes to estimate the technical aspects of the
equipment like solar panel, batteries, inverters and cables required to
meet the power demand of our homes.
The process of SPS design can be divided into parts as listed
below:
1. Assessment of Load Profile
2. Solar Panel Array Sizing
3. Battery Sizing
4. Inverter Sizing
5. Cable Sizing

Assessment of Load Profile


As the first step of SPS design, we begin by creating a detailed
load profile for the household for which the power system is being

3
designed. We will consider all the electrical equipment that we intend to
power using the solar power system.
Table1 : Load Profile for Home_1
With a complete load profile for Home_1, we need to make following

calculations as shown:

Formula used for above calculations are as below:


Total Daily Load (Wh / day)
1. Total Average Daily Load ( Ah/day)= Nominal Voltage(V )
Total DC Load (W )
2. Maximum DC Load Current ( A )= DC Voltage(V )
Total AC Load (W )
3. Maximum AC Load Current ( A)= AC Voltage(V )

4
Array Sizing
Since we have figured out the daily power requirement of Home_1,
we can now proceed to determine the size and quantity of solar arrays to
fulfill this requirement.

Total Average Daily Load∈ Ah× System Voltage


Array Current Required per day ( I array )=
Peak sun × Derating Factor ×Coulombic Efficiency

where,
Peak sun = 4.7 hr (average value for Nepal, varies throughout locations)
Derating Factor = 0.9 for Cold Climate & 0.8 for Warm Climate
Coulombic Efficiency = 0.95 (Efficiency with which charge is generated in PV )

After calculations for Home_1, we get :

Array Current Required per day (Iarray) = 30.07 A

Now, we will select readily available solar module available in the market
with specifications as below :

Rated Power at STC = 100 Wp


Voltage at MPP ( Vmp) = 17.8 V
Current at MPP (Imp) = 5.62 A
Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) = 21.3 V
Short Circuit Current (Isc) = 6.07 A

Now, we can determine the quantity of solar modules with above


specifications to be connected in series and parallel in order to meet our
power requirements.

Nominal System Voltage


No . of modules ∈series ( Ns)=
Voltage at MPP(V mp )× 0.7
I array
No . of modules ∈¿(Np)=
Current at MPP( I mp)

We get, Ns = 4
Np = 5
Therefore, Total Modules Required = Ns * Np = 20

5
Since the rated power of each module is 100 Wp and 20 modules are
required for Home_1, the rated power of the solar array for Home_1 is
2000 Watt.

6
Battery Sizing
Another essential component of SPS is battery bank. In this
section we will estimate the capacity of the battery bank required for
Home_1. Generally we model the battery capacity in Ampere hours(Ah).
For this we have a straight forward formula as below:

D Ah × DOA
Required battery bank capacity (C)=
DOD × 𝞰 battery
where,
C = Required capacity of the battery bank in Ampere-hour
DAh = Daily load in Ampere-hour.
DOA = Days of autonomy, battery backup days
DOD = Max. allowable depth of discharge (say 0.8 for deep cycle batteries)
𝞰 battery = Efficiency of the battery system (generally 0.7 to 0.9)

Therefore, required battery bank capacity = 377.6 Ah

Now, we select battery with following specifications :

Nominal Voltage(V) = 12 V
Nominal Capacity(Ah) = 260 Ah

How many of such batteries do we need ?

Nominal System Voltage (V )


Batteries∈ series( Ns)=
Nominal Battery Voltage(V )

Required Battery bank Capacity , C ( Ah)


Batteries∈¿ ( Np)=
Nominal Battery Capacity( Ah)

Thus we need 8 batteries in series and 1 battery in parallel. That’s 8


such batteries in total.

7
Charge Controller or Charge Regulator
Let’s find out maximum charging current so that we can choose
the appropriate charge controller.

I max ( charging)=I sc (module )× No . of modules∈¿

We also need to find the maximum discharging current when all the
appliances run at once. For that,
Total Power Consumption by DC appliances
I max ( discharging)=
Nominal System Voltage

After calculations, we get maximum current during charging and


discharging to be 30.35 Amps and 2.08 Amps respectively.

Since, we will use maximum value for choosing the charge controller
with some safety factor of 1.3, hence the required charge controller
should have a rated capacity of 39.46 Amps.

8
Inverter Sizing
We can calculate the inverter capacity with the formula below:
Total AC Load × Safety Factor (S . F .)
Inverter Capacity=
p . f . of Inverter

Safety factor is generally given some value between 1.5 to 2.

For Home_1, we need an inverter with capacity of at least 4.97 kVA.

Cable Sizing
Connecting cables are required to make safe connections between all
the components of SPS. Appropriate size of the cables can be found by
using a formula :
0.3× Length of running wire × Maximum current through wire
X −Sectional Area of Cable=
△ Voltage(¿ percentage)

Table like one below can be generated for different cable segments:

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