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CHAPTER IV
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Result of the Research
The researcher did conduct data analysis in order to find out the
correlation between students’ High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and writing
ability in analytical exposition text. This research was conducted by giving two
kinds of instruments to the students. High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
measured by questionnaire and writing ability in analytical exposition text
measured by written test. In this research, the researcher firstly did try out
instruments. The purpose of doing try out was to measure the validity and the
reliability of the research instruments.
4.1.1 Result of Tryout Test
The try out test was done at the eleventh grade of SMA Prima Kotabumi
North Lampung on January, 10h 2018. The total students who followed the try out
were 30 students.
4.1.1.1 Validity of Writing Ability Instrument
To measure writing ability it was gotten by using construct validity where
there was a relationship between theory and concept of competence which was
needed to accomplish the tests in this research. To measure the construct validity,
the researcher used the opinions from the expert or usually called as expert’s
judgment. In this case, the experts were Mrs. Rulik Setiani, S.S., M.Pd. and Mrs.
Dwi Sartipa, S.Pd,M.Pd. BI. Based on the experts’ judgment, it revealed that the
50
instrument of writing ability in analytical exposition text was valid because the
instrument was suitable to measure students’ writing ability in analytical
exposition text. Therefore, it was concluded that instrument of writing ability in
analytical exposition text was valid.
4.1.1.2 Validity of High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Instrument
From the validity test of High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) by using
person product moment correlation formula through microsoft excel program, it
was gotten the validity result which was interpreted by the score of as follow:
From 30 items it was found 20 items which were proper to be used in the
research at SMA Kemala Bhayangkari Kotabumi North Lampung. The summary
of the valid and invalid items are presented in the following table below:
TABLE 11
SUMMARY OF VALIDITY TEST RESULT OF STUDENTS’ HIGH
ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS)
Observation Items Number Frequency
1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,18,20,21,23,25,27,
Valid Items 20
29,30
Invalid Items 4,8,10,14,17,19,22,24,26,28 10
Total 30 30
4.1.1.3 Reliability Test of Writing Ability Instrument
Reliability of analytical exposition text test was gotten by using Interrater
reliability which was done by two raters. If coefficient of reliability was gotten
among 0.0-1.0 it means that there is a consistency result of the test instrument
between raters, and the test instrument can be said reliable. Finally from the
reliability result test instrument of the students’ writing ability in analytical
51
exposition text by using Interrater reliability that was done in tryout test, it was
gotten the coefficient reliability of Interrater (rxx') was 0.65; its means that there
was consistency between three raters in the test measurement result. So, the test
analysis was reliable.
TABLE 12
SUMMARY OF REALIABLITY
Observation Result
N 30
K 3
Se2 44.21
Ss2 127.90
rxx2 0.65
From all the analysis result of reliability test it was found that the test
instrument has very high reliability. If the amount of coefficient reliability started
from 0.0 until 1.0 it can be said reliable. So, the researcher concluded the
instrument test was reliable.
4.1.1.4 Reliability Test of High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
Reliability of test instrument was analyzed after having the validity result.
For the first variable; to measure reliability of High Order Thinking Skills
(HOTS) instrument, the researcher used Alpa Cronbach. The result of reliability
test of High Order Thinking are ∑α²ᵦ is 3.45, α²ᵦ is 21.45, ∑α²ᵦ/α²ᵦ 0.16, 1-∑α²ᵦ/α²ᵦ
is 0.84, k/k-1 is 1.05, and r11 = 0.88 from the computation above, it is gotten robserved
= 0,97 whereas rtable with N = 30 and significant level (α) or r table (30) (0.05) = 0.361.
So, because of robserved > rtable or 0.88 > 0.361, the test is reliable or consistent. For
the detail calculation, it can be seen in appendix 2.
52
4.1.2 Result of Data Analysis
The try out test was done at the eleventh grade of SMA Kemala
Bhayangkari on Thursday, January 24th 2018. The total students who followed the
research were 38 students.
4.1.2.1. Normality Test
The first stage that was done by the researcher is normality test. This was
used to measure the distribution of the data. It was needed because statistic
parametric used in hypothesis required the data that had normal distribution. In
addition, to measure the normality of the data, it was used Liliefor’s formula. The
summary is presented in the table below:
TABLE 14
SUMMARY OF NORMALITY TEST
Variables Lobserved Significance Level Ltable
Students’ High Order 0.12
Thinking Skills (HOTS) 5% 0.14
Writing Ability in 0.12
Analytical Exposition Text
According to the table above, for High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) test it was
gotten Lo = 0.12; and Ltable with n= 38 and significant level 5% it was = 0.14; it
means that Lo< Ltable where 0.1232 < 0.14; so Ho was accepted. It was concluded
that data from the sample which was taken from the population had normal
distribution. The complete calculation can be seen in appendix 5.
For writing ability in analytical exposition text, it was gotten Lo = 0.12 ;
and Ltable with n = 38 and significant level 5% it was = 0.14; it means that Lo ≤
Ltable where Lo ≤ Ltable where 0.12 ≤ 0.14; so Ho was accepted it was concluded
53
that the data from sample had normal distribution. The complete calculation can
be seen in appendix 6.
4.1.2.2.Homogeneity Test
After conducting the normality test, the analysis was continued by doing
the homogeneity test to find out whether the data were homogenous or not. To
measure the homogeneity, it was used the formula of Bartlett. The criterion was:
if X2count ≤ X2table of chi-quadrate; it means that the data is homogenous.
TABLE 15
BARLETT TEST OF HOMOGENEITY SUMMARY
Variable X2observed Significance Level X2table
Students’ High Order Thinking Skills 5.34
(HOTS) 5% 9.48
Writing Ability in Analytical Exposition 1.04
Text
In addition, the criteria for the data to be said homogenous if the result of
X2observed is smaller than X2table. Based on the table above, the result of
homogeneity test for variable students’ High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) was
gotten X2observed = 5.34. Then, the result was compared to the X2table = 9.48.
Because the value of X2observed was smaller than X2table, and it means that the data
of students’ High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) variable was homogenous. The
complete calculation can be seen in appendix 7.
Then, the result of homogeneity test for students’ writing ability in
analytical exposition text variable was gotten X2observed = 1.04. Then the result was
compared to the X2table = 9.48. Because the value of X2observed was smaller than
X2table, and it means that the data of students’ writing ability in analytical
54
exposition text variable was homogenous. The complete calculation can be seen in
appendix 12. In conclusion, the data of students’ High Order Thinking Skills
(HOTS) variable and students’ writing ability in analytical exposition text were
homogenous variable.
4.1.2.3 Hypothesis Test
In addition, the criteria for Ha to be accepted was if the value of robserved is
greater than rtable. In contrary, Ha would be rejected if the value of robserved is
smaller than rtable. Based on the calculation in appendix 13, the summary of
hypothesis test can be seen in the table below:
TABLE 16
THE SUMMARY OF HYPOTHESIS TEST
Observation Result
Total of odd score (X) 3080
Total of even score (Y) 2342.9
2
Total of X 255000
2
Total of Y 146574.09
Total of XY 192958
rxy (robserved) 0.907
rtable 0.320
Based on the table, it was found that the value of correlation between two
variables, (X) and (Y) or rxy (robserved) = 0.907 and rtable with n = 38 at significance
level 5% or rtable (38)(0,05) = 0.320. Because of robserved is greater than rtable or 0.907>
0.320, it means that H0 was rejected, Ha was accepted.
4.1.2.4 Significance Test
Because the hypothesis test only showed the coefficient correlation
between variable of students’ High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and writing
ability in analytical exposition text, significance test was needed to measure the
55
significance of the correlation. To test the significance of the correlation, the
researcher used t-test.
It was gotten that tobserved = 12.95; then, the score of tobserved was compared
with tobserved in the significant scale 5% and df = 38-2= 36 ; because Fo 0.05(36)
was not existed in the table, so to find it was used interpolation (interpolasi)
become 1.68, as follows;
df 36 = df(36)- (1.697- 1.684)
=1.697 – (0.6) x (0.013)
= 1.697 – 0.0078
ttable = 1.68
The hypothesis needed to be proved were Ha said there is significance
correlation between students’ High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and writing
ability in analytical exposition text at the eleventh grade of SMA Kemala
Bhayangkari Academic Year 2018/2019, and H0 said there is no significant
correlation between students’ High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and writing
ability in analytical exposition text at the eleventh grade of SMA Kemala
Bhayangkari Academic Year 2018/2019. The criteria for Ha to be accepted was if
the value of tobserved is greater that ttable. In contrary, Ha would be rejected if the
value of tobserved is smaller than ttable.
30 36 40
(1,697) (1,684)
Picture 4. Interpolation df (36)
56
Based on the calculation above, especially it can be seen that tobserved=
12.95 is greater than ttable= 1.68. In conclusion, because of tobserved= 12.95> ttable =
1.68, H0 was rejected, and Ha was accepted, and it means that there is significant
correlation between students’ High Order Thinking Skills and writing ability in
analytical exposition text at the eleventh grade of SMAN Kemala Bhayangkari
Academic Year 2018/2019.
4.2 Discussion
Having analyzed the data from the result of the High Order Thinking
Skills (HOTS) and writing ability in analytical exposition text, if the students’
High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is good, hence they will have good writing
ability analytical exposition text, on the contrary, if the students’ High Order
Thinking Skills (HOTS) is not good, hence they will not be good writing in
analytical exposition text. Based on the statement above, it was concluded that the
students’ High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) could be able to help the students’
writing ability in analytical exposition text.
It is because the hypothesis tests use parametric analysis, so the researcher
must measure normality and homogeneity first. From the result of the r xy (robserved)
was greater than that of the rtable with n = 38 at significance level ɑ 0.05, it can be
interpreted that the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. This means that there is
correlation between students’ High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and writing
ability in analytical exposition text at the eleventh grade of SMAN Kemala
Bhayangkari Academic Year 2018/2019.
57
In addition, based on the result of the significance test in which the value
of the tobserved is greater than that of the ttable, it can be said that the correlation
between students’ High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and writing ability in
analytical exposition text at the eleventh grade of SMAN Kemala Bhayangkari
Academic Year 2018/2019 was significant.
It is related to the previous research was conducted by Sutrisno (2015),
entitle “Correlation between High Order Thinking Skills and Learning
Achievements at the tenth grade of MAN 3 Yogyakarta Academic Year
2014/2015. It is relevant with a theory of High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS).
Learning achievement in cognitive can be seen of High Order Thinking Skills
(HOTS) based on cognitive taxonomy. Cognitive taxonomy is arranging schema
to classifying learning of instructional in some level complex. In addition,
Brookhart (2010:5) states that High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is approach as
the “top end” of Bloom’s (or any other) taxonomy: analyze, evaluate, and create,
or, in the older language, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.
Data analysis in the research shows that there is correlation between
students’ High Order Thinking Skills and learning achievement. It has been
founded that both of two variables is gotten > so the result is Ha
is accepted and Ho is rejected. The score of significant correlation (rxy) both
variables is 0.69. It means the score of their research include to the highest
category of research. It can be concluded that there is significant correlation
between students’ high order thinking skills and learning achievements at the
tenth grade of MAN 3 Yogyakarta academic year 2014/2015.
58
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
From the result of hypothesis, and significant test, it was found that the
value of coefficient rxy = 0.907 and rtable = 0.320 because of rxy is greater than rtable,
and tobserved = 12.95 and ttable = 1.68 because of tobserved is greater than ttable, it means
that Ho was rejected, and Ha was accepted.
Furthermore, it can be concluded that there is significant correlation
between High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and students’ writing ability in
analytical exposition text at the eleventh grade of SMA Kemala Bhayangkari
Kotabumi in Academic Year 2018/2019.
5.2 Suggestion
In line with the conclusion, several things are worth considering. They are
presented in the following suggestion:
1. For Teachers
English teachers are advised to encourage students to improve High Order
Thinking Skills (HOTS) to practice by writing a lot especially in the
analytical exposition text.
2. For Next Researcher
The next researcher who will conduct the research dealing with students’
High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and writing ability in analytical
exposition text can use this finding as reference. The next researchers who
are interested in investigating related issues in this field should have good
preparation and management in order to achieve a more effective result.
59
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CURRICULUM VITAE
The writer was born in Ogan Lima, September 25th 1996. Her parents gave
her name SEFTA SASMITA. She was the last child of fourth children of Mr.
Suwardi M. and Mrs. Maisuri. She had three brothers (Afri Yanto, Dodi Destanto,
SE., Sandika Mardiansyah).
She graduated her elementary school in SD N 1 Aji Kagungan, then she
studied in SMPN 8 Kotabumi, and she graduated of senior high school in SMAN
1 Abung Pekurun in academic years 2014/2015.
In 2014, after she graduated from her senior high scool, she continued her
study at STKIP Muhammadiyah Kotabumi-Lampung and took the English
Education Study Program. She also followed some organizations in campus such
as IMM, English Extra-Ordinary Students Associstion (EXIST) and Mahasiswa
Paduan Suara (MAPAS ASIK). During the time in studying in STKIP M
Kotabumi, she had many experiences in some events which had been held
whether in campus or outside of campus. The researcher also went for PPM in
Jember, Malang and Jogja and PPL in SMP Negeri 7 Kotabumi in 2017.
