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BS 3rd Year Semester-V Credit Hours: 3+1


Code: CHEM-271 Course Title: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

COURSE CONTENTS:
1) Quantum Chemistry:
Black body radiation, photoelectric effect, line spectra of elements, Bohr atomic model, wave
and particle nature of matter, de Broglie’s equation, Young’s double slit experiment,
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, wave functions and Born interpretation of wave
functions, probability density, eigen functions and eigenvalues, Hamiltonian operator,
Schrödinger wave equation, wavefunctions for hydrogen-like atomic orbitals, radial
distribution functions, shielding and penetration, effective nuclear charge, orbital energies,
periodic trends in the properties of the elements in the periodic table.
2) Kinetic Theory of Gases:
Probability density for molecular speeds of gas molecules, Maxwell distribution of molecular
speeds, average speeds, pressure of an ideal gas, calculation of molecular speeds, binary
collisions, effusion and mean free paths, Maxwell-Boltzmann’s law of energy distribution,
method for the determination of the Avogadro’s number (NA), entropy and statistical
probability.
3) Phase Equilibrium:
Gibbs phase rule, Phase diagrams of one component and two component systems, Gibbs
energy and the phase diagram of a substance, location of phase boundaries, Clausius-
Clapeyron equation, vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary liquid mixtures, binary phase
diagrams and lever rule.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
Students will be able to understand and acquire knowledge about the principles and
theoretical background of quantum chemistry, kinetics theory of gases and phase equilibrium.
The knowledge gained thus can be applied to study various aspects of quantum mechanics,
gas kinetic behavior and thermodynamics and phase equilibrium.

CHEM-271 LAB:
1. Characterization of the given compound by UV-Vis spectroscopy.
2. Determination of partial molar volumes.
3. Determination of activation energy for the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of ethylacetate.
4. Kinetics of saponification of ethyl acetate.
5. Study of the adsorption isotherms of acetic acid-charcoal system.
6. Equilibrium constant of the KI + I2 = KI3 reaction.
7. Acid catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose.
8. Study of the charge transfer complex formation between iodine and benzene.
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RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. McQuarrie, D. A. and Simon, J. D., Physical Chemistry – A Molecular Approach, 1st
ed., University Science Books, (1997).
2. Silbey, R. J., Alberty, R. A., and Bawendi, M. G., Physical Chemistry, 4thed., Jojn-
Wiley & Sons, (2005).
3. Atkins, P. and Paula, J. D., Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, 9th ed., OxfordUniversity
Press, (2010).
4. Moore. W. J., Physical Chemistry, 4th ed., Longman Publisher (1972).
5. Coulson C. A., Vanlence, Oxford University Press (1980).
6. Keeler. J. and Wothers, P., Chemical Structure and Reactivity: AnIntegrated
Approach, 1st ed., Oxford University Press, (2008).
7. Born, Max., Atomic Physics, 8th ed., Blackie & Son Ltd., (1969).
8. Atkins, P., Jones, L., Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight, 5th ed., W.H.
Freeman, New York, (2010).
9. Garland, C. W., Nibler, J. W. and Shoemaker, D., P., Experiments in Physical
Chemistry, 8th ed., McGraw-Hill, (2003).
10. Helpern, A. M., Experimental Physical Chemistry: A Laboratory Textbook2nd ed.,
Prentice Hall, (1997).
11. James, A. M., Prichard, F. E., Practical Physical Chemistry, 3rd ed.,Longman Group
Limited, New York, (1974).
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BS 3rd Year Semester-VI Credit Hours: 3+1


Code: CHEM-371 Course Title: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Course Objectives:
Students will acquire knowledge and understanding about the theoretical and
instrumental as well as application related aspects of conductometric, and
electrochemical techniques and surface chemistry. They will also acquire
information regarding nuclear binding energy, nuclear instabilities and decay
mechanisms as well as the fission and fusion processes.
1) Conductometry:
Ions in solution, measurement of conductance and Kohlrausch’s law, mobility
of ions and transport number, conductometric titrations, Debye-Hückel theory
and activity coefficient, determination of activities, application of conductance
measurement.
2) Electrochemistry:
Redox reactions, spontaneous reactions, electrochemical cells, standard
electrode potentials, liquid junction potential, electrochemical series, Nernst’s
equation, thermodynamic of redox reactions, measurement of pH and pKa,
dynamic electrochemistry, Latimer Diagram, Frost Diagram, electrolytic cells,
potentiometry, reference and indicator electrodes, voltammetry, fuel cells,
corrosion and its prevention, fuel cell and hydrogen economy.
3) Nuclear Chemistry:
Atomic nucleus, nuclides, nuclear stability, modes of decay, beta decay systematic, nuclear
models (shell + liquid drop model), fission and fusion, nuclear reactors, nuclear energetics,
nonspontaneous nuclear processes.
4) Surface Chemistry:
Interfaces, Gibbs surface excess, curved surfaces, capillary action, adsorption
and adsorption isotherms, Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms,
catalysis, colloids, emulsion and their industrial applications.
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CHEM-371 Lab
1. Spectroscopic determination of Cu percentage in the given sample.
2. Conductometric determination of Cu (II)- EDTA mole ratio in the complex.
3. To determine the effectiveness of an extraction of I2 solution by using Solvent
Extraction method.
4. Determination of molecular weight of a polymer by viscosity method.
5. Determination of percentage composition of KMnO4/ K2Cr2O7 in a given solution
by spectrophotometry.
6. Evaluation of pKa value of an indicator by spectrometric method.
7. Conductometric determination of hydrolysis constant (Kh) of conjugate base of a
weak acid.
Recommended Books:
1. Silbey, R. J., Alberty, R. A. and Bawendi, M. G., Physical Chemistry, 4th
ed., John-Wiley & Sons, (2005).
2. Ball D. W., Physical Chemistry, Brooks/Cole Co. Inc., (2003).
3. Vertes, A., Nagy, S. and Klencsar, Z., Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry.
Volume 1: Basics of Nuclear Science, 1st ed., Springer, (2003).
4. Choppin, G., Liljenzin, J-. O. and Rydberg, J., Radiochemistry and Nuclear
Chemistry, 3rd ed., Butterworth- Heinemann, (2002).
5. Loveland, W., Morrisey, D. J. and Seaborg, G. T., Modern Nuclear
Chemistry, John-Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2006).
6. Atkins, P. and Paula, J. D., Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, 9th ed., Oxford
University Press, (2010).
7. Somorjai, G. A. and Li, Y., Introduction to Surface Chemistry and
Catalysis, 2nd ed., John-Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2010).
8. Laidler. K. J., “Chemical Kinetics” 3rd ed., Prentice Hall, (1987).
9. Atkins, P., Jones, L., Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight, 5th ed., W.
H. Freeman, New York, (2010).
10. James, A. M., Prichard, F. E., Practical Physical Chemistry, 3rd ed.,
Longman Group Limited, New York, (1974).

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