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Case 3 Solving Simple Differential Equations

The document contains worked solutions to two differential equation problems: 1) dy/dx = (3x-1)(2y+1) with initial condition y=4 when x=0, and 2) dy/dx = e^(x+4y) with initial condition y=0 when x=0. The solutions involve separating variables, integrating, and rearranging to solve for y in terms of x.

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Farida Machhwa
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95 views2 pages

Case 3 Solving Simple Differential Equations

The document contains worked solutions to two differential equation problems: 1) dy/dx = (3x-1)(2y+1) with initial condition y=4 when x=0, and 2) dy/dx = e^(x+4y) with initial condition y=0 when x=0. The solutions involve separating variables, integrating, and rearranging to solve for y in terms of x.

Uploaded by

Farida Machhwa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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dy

=f ( x ) g ( y )
Case 3: dx

dy
a) Solve the differential equation =(3 x−1)(2 y+ 1) given y=4 when x=0
dx

Worked solution Explanation

dy Separate the x and y variables through multiplicative


=( 3 x−1 ) . dx
2 y +1 methods only.

y x
dy Integrate both sides using the conditions given.
∫ = ∫ ( 3 x−1 ) . dx
2 y +1 x=0
y=4

y x
1 2. dy Balance the integral to form an integral in the form
∫ =∫ ( 3 x−1 ) .dx
2 4 2 y +1 0
'
f ( y)
∫ dy .
f ( y)

[ ] [ ]
x
1 3 x2
y
Evaluate the integral.
ln (2 y +1) = −x
2 4 2 0

2
1 1 3x
ln ¿ 2 y+1∨¿− ln ( 9 )= −x−(0)¿
2 2 2
2
1 3x 1
ln ¿ 2 y+1∨¿= −x + ln9 ¿
2 2 2

2
ln ¿ 2 y+ 1∨¿=3 x −2 x +ln 9 ¿
2

¿ 2 y+ 1∨¿ e 3 x −2 x+ ln9 Simplify and rearrange to make y the subject of the


2
equation.
3 x −2 x+ln 9
2 y+ 1=± e

1 ln 9 3 x −2 x 2

y= (−1 ±e e )
2

1 Determine the function by substituting the values x=0


( 9 e3 x −2 x −1 )
2

y=
2 and y=4 into the positive and negative functions and
testing which holds true.

© NSW Department of Education 1


dy x+ 4 y
b) Solve the differential equation dx =e where y=0 when x=0

Worked solution Explanation

dy x 4 y Split the exponent using the multiplicative index law


=e e
dx

−4 y x
e . dy=e . dx Separate the x and y variables through multiplicative
methods only
y x
Integrate both sides using the conditions given
∫e −4 y
. dy = ∫ e . dx
x

y=0 x=0

[ ]
−4 y y Evaluate the integral.
−e x x
=[ e ]0
4 0
−4 y
−e 1 Evaluate the integral.
+ =e x −1
4 4
−4 y x
−e +1=4 e −4 Evaluate the integral.

e−4 y =5−4 e x Evaluate the integral.

x
−4 y=ln (5−4 e ) Simplify.
−1 Rearrange to make y the subject of the equation.
ln ( 5−4 e )
x
∴ y=
4

2 MA-C3 Applications of calculus

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