ASSIGNMENT NO: 01

SWOT Analysis.

What Is a SWOT Analysis?

SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, and so a SWOT
analysis is a technique for assessing these four aspects of your business.
SWOT Analysis is a tool that can help you to analyze what your company does best now, and
to devise a successful strategy for the future. SWOT can also uncover areas of the business
that are holding you back, or that your competitors could exploit if you don't protect yourself.
A SWOT analysis examines both internal and external factors – that is, what's going on inside
and outside your organization. So some of these factors will be within your control and some
will not. In either case, the wisest action you can take in response will become clearer once
you've discovered, recorded and analyzed as many factors as you can.
In this article, video and infographic, we explore how to carry out a SWOT analysis, and how
to put your findings into action. We also include a worked example and a template to help you
get started on a SWOT analysis in your own workplace.
Why Is SWOT Analysis Important?
SWOT Analysis can help you to challenge risky assumptions and to uncover dangerous
blindspots about your organization's performance. If you use it carefully and collaboratively, it
can deliver new insights on where your business currently is, and help you to develop exactly
the right strategy for any situation.
For example, you may be well aware of some of your organization's strengths, but until you
record them alongside weaknesses and threats you might not realize how unreliable those
strengths actually are.
Equally, you likely have reasonable concerns about some of your business weaknesses but,
by going through the analysis systematically, you could find an opportunity, previously
overlooked, that could more than compensate.
How to Write a SWOT Analysis
SWOT analysis involves making lists – but so much more, too! When you begin to write one
list (say, Strengths), the thought process and research that you'll go through will prompt ideas
for the other lists (Weaknesses, Opportunities or Threats). And if you compare these lists side
by side, you will likely notice connections and contradictions, which you'll want to highlight
and explore.
You'll find yourself moving back and forth between your lists frequently. So, make the task
easier and more effective by arranging your four lists together in one view.
Draw up a SWOT Analysis matrix, or use our free downloadable template.
A SWOT matrix is a 2x2 grid, with one square for each of the four aspects of SWOT. (Figure
1 shows what it should look like.) Each section is headed by some questions to get your
thinking started.
Figure 1. A SWOT Analysis Matrix.
Strengths
What do you do well?
What unique resources can you draw on?
What do others see as your strengths?

Weaknesses
What could you improve?
Where do you have fewer resources than others?
What are others likely to see as weaknesses?
Opportunities
What opportunities are open to you?
What trends could you take advantage of?
How can you turn your strengths into opportunities?
Weaknesses
What could you improve?
Where do you have fewer resources than others?
What are others likely to see as weaknesses?
Threats
What threats could harm you?
What is your competition doing?
What threats do your weaknesses expose to you?

Weaknesses
What could you improve?
Where do you have fewer resources than others?
What are others likely to see as weaknesses?

How to Do a SWOT Analysis?

Avoid relying on your own, partial understanding of your organization. Your assumptions
could be wrong. Instead, gather a team of people from a range of functions and levels to build
a broad and insightful list of observations.
Then, every time you identify a Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, or Threat, write it down in
the relevant part of the SWOT analysis grid for all to see.
Let's look at each area in more detail and consider what fits where, and what questions you
could ask as part of your data gathering.
Strengths
Strengths are things that your organization does particularly well, or in a way that
distinguishes you from your competitors. Think about the advantages your organization has
over other organizations. These might be the motivation of your staff, access to certain
materials, or a strong set of manufacturing processes.
Your strengths are an integral part of your organization, so think about what makes it "tick."
What do you do better than anyone else? What values drive your business? What unique or
lowest-cost resources can you draw upon that others can't? Identify and analyze your
organization's Unique Selling Proposition (USP), and add this to the Strengths section. Then
turn your perspective around and ask yourself what your competitors might see as your
strengths. What factors mean that you get the sale ahead of them?
Remember, any aspect of your organization is only a strength if it brings you a clear
advantage. For example, if all of your competitors provide high-quality products, then a
highquality production process is not a strength in your market: it's a necessity.
Weaknesses
Weaknesses, like strengths, are inherent features of your organization, so focus on your
people, resources, systems, and procedures. Think about what you could improve, and the
sorts of practices you should avoid.
Once again, imagine (or find out) how other people in your market see you. Do they notice
weaknesses that you tend to be blind to? Take time to examine how and why your
competitors are doing better than you. What are you lacking?
Be honest! A SWOT analysis will only be valuable if you gather all the information you need.
So, it's best to be realistic now, and face any unpleasant truths as soon as possible.
Opportunities
Opportunities are openings or chances for something positive to happen, but you'll need to
claim them for yourself!
They usually arise from situations outside your organization, and require an eye to what might
happen in the future. They might arise as developments in the market you serve, or in the
technology you use. Being able to spot and exploit opportunities can make a huge difference
to your organization's ability to compete and take the lead in your market.
Think about good opportunities that you can exploit immediately. These don't need to be
game-changers: even small advantages can increase your organization's competitiveness.
What interesting market trends are you aware of, large or small, which could have an impact?
You should also watch out for changes in government policy related to your field. And
changes in social patterns, population profiles, and lifestyles can all throw up interesting
opportunities.
Threats
Threats include anything that can negatively affect your business from the outside, such as
supply-chain problems, shifts in market requirements, or a shortage of recruits. It's vital to
anticipate threats and to take action against them before you become a victim of them and
your growth stalls.
Think about the obstacles you face in getting your product to market and selling. You may
notice that quality standards or specifications for your products are changing, and that you'll
need to change those products if you're to stay in the lead. Evolving technology is an
everpresent threat, as well as an opportunity!
Always consider what your competitors are doing, and whether you should be changing your
organization's emphasis to meet the challenge. But remember that what they're doing might
not be the right thing for you to do. So, avoid copying them without knowing how it will
improve your position.
Be sure to explore whether your organization is especially exposed to external challenges. Do
you have bad debt or cash-flow problems, for example, that could make you vulnerable to
even small changes in your market? This is the kind of threat that can seriously damage your
business, so be alert.
Tip:
Use PEST Analysis to ensure that you don't overlook threatening external factors. And
PMESII-PT is an especially helpful check in very unfamiliar or uncertain environments.
Frequently Asked Questions About SWOT 1. Who Invented SWOT Analysis?
Many people attribute SWOT Analysis to Albert S. Humphrey. However, there has been some
debate on the originator of the tool, as discussed in the International Journal of Business
Research.
2. How Do SWOT Analysis and the TOWS Matrix compare?
While SWOT analysis puts the emphasis on the internal environment (your strengths and
weaknesses), TOWS forces you to look at your external environment first (your threats and
opportunities). In most cases, you'll do a SWOT Analysis first, and follow up with a TOWS
Matrix to offer a broader context.
3. What Are the Biggest SWOT Analysis Mistakes?
Making your lists too long. Ask yourself if your ideas are feasible as you go along.
Being vague. Be specific to provide more focus for later discussions.
Not seeing weaknesses. Be sure to ask customers and colleagues what they experience in
real life.
Not thinking ahead. It's easy to come up with nice ideas without taking them through to their
logical conclusion. Always consider their practical impact.
Being unrealistic. Don't plan in detail for opportunities that don't exist yet. For example, that
export market you've been eyeing may be available at some point, but the trade negotiations
to open it up could take years.
Relying on SWOT Analysis alone. SWOT Analysis is valuable. But when you use it alongside
other planning tools (SOAR, TOWS or PEST), the results will be more vigorous.
How to Use a SWOT Analysis
Use a SWOT Analysis to assess your organization's current position before you decide on
any new strategy. Find out what's working well, and what's not so good. Ask yourself where
you want to go, how you might get there – and what might get in your way.
Once you've examined all four aspects of SWOT, you'll want to build on your strengths, boost
your weaker areas, head off any threats, and exploit every opportunity. In fact, you'll likely be
faced with a long list of potential actions.
But before you go ahead, be sure to develop your ideas further. Look for potential
connections between the quadrants of your matrix. For example, could you use some of your
strengths to open up further opportunities? And, would even more opportunities become
available by eliminating some of your weaknesses?
Finally, it's time to ruthlessly prune and prioritize your ideas, so that you can focus time and
money on the most significant and impactful ones. Refine each point to make your
comparisons clearer. For example, only accept precise, verifiable statements such as, "Cost
advantage of $30/ton in sourcing raw material x," rather than, "Better value for money."
Remember to apply your learnings at the right level in your organization. For example, at a
product or product-line level, rather than at the much vaguer whole-company level.

ASSIGNMENT NO: 02
You may feel setting long-term and short-term goals is a waste of time. But goal setting is an
important part of the career planning process. Increase your chances of reaching your
shortand long-term goals by making them measurable, realistic, and more. Not planning for
your future can make for a chaotic one.

How Goals Can Impact Your Career Success

Setting goals is a significant component of the career planning process. To have a successful
and satisfying career, define your goals and devise a strategy to achieve them. A roadmap
that will take you from choosing an occupation to working and succeeding at it is called a
career action plan.1
Short-Term Goals vs. Long-Term Goals
SHORT-TERM GOALS LONG-TERM GOALS
Accomplished in 6-36 months Accomplished in 3-5 years
Daily or weekly tasks can help you achieve your short-term goal Short-term goals are
necessary to achieve the long-term goal
Goals are broadly classified into two categories: short-term goals and long-term goals. You
will be able to accomplish a short-term goal in approximately six months to three years, while
it will usually take three to five years to reach a long-term one. Sometimes you can achieve a
short-term goal in fewer than three months and a long-term one may take more than five
years to complete.2

To achieve each long-term goal, you must first accomplish a series of both short-term goals
and additional long-term goals. For example, let's say you aspire to become a doctor. That
may be your ultimate long-term goal, but before you can tackle it, you must achieve a few
others like completing college (four years), medical school (another four years), and a
medical residency (three to eight years).
Along the road to reaching those long-term goals, there are several short-term goals to clear
first. They include excelling in entrance exams and applying to college, medical school, and
eventually residencies. Since grades matter when it comes to achieving those goals, it is
necessary to break your short-term goals down even further, like earning a high-grade point
average.

Short-term goals require you to take action every day or every week. For example, if you want
to get a new job, you may need to update your resume, scan job boards frequently, and send
applications on a weekly basis.
Setting Short- and Long-Term Goals You Can Achieve
Your hard work will play the most prominent role in your success, but if you don't formulate
your goals correctly, it will be much more challenging to accomplish them. Your short-term
and long-term goals must meet the following criteria:

Make your goals specific: You might say, "I want to be successful." Well, who doesn't? But
can you define what success means? Success to one person may mean becoming the CEO
of a company while to another person it may mean getting home from work by 6 p.m. every
day.
Your goals must be measurable: Have a timeframe for achieving your goals and a way to
determine when you have reached them. You can even break them down into smaller
milestones that you can measure along the way.
Don't be negative: Your goal should be something you want rather than something you want
to avoid. It is much better to say, for instance, "I want to improve my skills over the next four
years so that I qualify for a better job" than "I don't want to be stuck in this job for another four
years."
Be realistic: Your long-term goals must be compatible with your abilities and skills. Stating "I
want to win a Grammy Award" if you can't sing or play an instrument may not be the right goal
for you. Consider your skills and set goals that make sense for your experience. Take small
steps over time to achieve your goal by the deadline: You don't have to have a deadline for
your goal, but it may help you stay on track to reach it. Break a long-term goal down into
smaller goals. It is better to take baby steps than one big giant leap.
Pair each goal with an action: For instance, if your goal is to write a book, sign up for a book
writing seminar or practice writing one chapter per week for one month.
Be flexible: Don't give up if you encounter obstacles that threaten your progress. Instead,
modify your goals accordingly. Let's say you need to continue working to make money, but
that it will keep you from going to college full-time. Although it may not be possible to finish
your bachelor's degree in four years, you can enroll in school part-time and finish in six or
eight years instead. Flexibility also means being willing to let go of goals that are no longer
meaningful and instead put your energy into pursuing other ones.
ASSIGNMENT NO : 03

Introduction

Stress is a fact of life, wherever you are and whatever you are doing. You cannot avoid
stress, but you can learn to manage it so it doesn’t manage you.
Changes in our lives—such as going to college, getting married, changing jobs, or
illness—are frequent sources of stress. Keep in mind that changes that cause stress
can also benefit you. Moving away from home to attend college, for example, creates
personal-development opportunities—new challenges, friends, and living
arrangements. That is why it’s important to know yourself and carefully consider the
causes of stress. Learning to do this takes time, and although you cannot avoid stress,
the good news is that you can minimize the harmful effects of stress, such as
depression or hypertension. The key is to develop an awareness of how you interpret,
and react to, circumstances. This awareness will help you develop coping techniques
for managing stress. For example, as an Army platoon leader, managing stress will
require techniques that include an awareness of yourself and your Soldiers.
Defining Stress
Stress is the way human beings react both physically and mentally to changes, events, and
situations in their lives. People experience stress in different ways and for different reasons.
The reaction is based on your perception of an event or situation. If you view a situation
negatively, you will likely feel distressed—overwhelmed, oppressed, or out of control. Distress
is the more familiar form of stress. The other form, eustress, results from a “positive” view of
an event or situation, which is why it is also called “good stress.”
Eustress helps you rise to a challenge and can be an antidote to boredom because it
engages focused energy. That energy can easily turn to distress, however, if something
causes you to view the situation as unmanageable or out of control. Many people regard
public speaking or airplane flights as very stressful—causing physical reactions such as an
increased heart rate and a loss of appetite—while others look forward to the event. It’s often
a question of perception: A positive stressor for one person can be a negative stressor for
another.
Causes of Stress
The most frequent reasons for “stressing out” fall into three main categories:
1. The unsettling effects of change
2. The feeling that an outside force is challenging or threatening you 3. The
feeling that you have lost personal control.
Life events such as marriage, changing jobs, divorce, or the death of a relative or friend are
the most common causes of stress. Although life-threatening events are less common, they
can be the most physiologically and psychologically acute. They are usually associated with
public service career fields in which people experience intense stress levels because of
imminent danger and a high degree of uncertainty—police officer, fire and rescue worker,
emergency relief worker, and the military.
You may not plan to enter a high-stress career, but as a college student, you may find
that the demands of college life can create stressful situations. The National Institute of
Mental Health (NIMH) notes some of the more common stressors for college students:
• Increased academic demands
• Being on your own in a new environment
• Changes in family relations
• Financial responsibilities
• Changes in your social life
• Exposure to new people, ideas, and temptations • Awareness of your sexual identity and
orientation
• Preparing for life after graduation.
Symptoms of Distress
Symptoms of stress fall into three general, but interrelated, categories—physical, mental,
and emotional. Review this list carefully. If you find yourself frequently experiencing
these symptoms, you are likely feeling distressed:
• Headaches
• Fatigue
• Gastrointestinal problems
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Heart problems, such as palpitations
• Inability to focus/lack of concentration
• Sleep disturbances, whether it’s sleeping too much or an inability to sleep
• Sweating palms/shaking hands
• Anxiety
• Sexual problems.
Even when you don’t realize it, stress can cause or contribute to serious physical
disorders. It increases hormones such as adrenaline and corticosterone, which affect your
metabolism, immune reactions, and other stress responses. That can lead to increases in
your heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and physical demands on your internal organs.
Behavioral changes are also expressions of stress. They can include:
• Irritability
• Disruptive eating patterns (overeating or under eating)
• Harsh treatment of others
• Increased smoking or alcohol consumption • Isolation
• Compulsive shopping.
A sustained high level of stress is no laughing matter. It can affect every area of your life—
productivity in the workplace and classroom, increased health risks, and relationships, to
name just a few. Managing Stress
As noted in the Introduction, you can learn to manage stress. The first step is understanding
yourself better—how you react in different situations, what causes you stress, and how you
behave when you feel stressed. Once you’ve done that, take the following steps: Set
priorities. Use the time-management tips you learned in Section 1. Make a To-Do list.
Decide what is really important to get done today, and what can wait. This helps you to
know that you are working on your most immediate priorities, and you don’t have the stress
of trying to remember what you should be doing.
Practice facing stressful moments. Think about the event or situation you expect to face
and rehearse your reactions. Find ways to practice dealing with the challenge. If you
know that speaking in front of a group frightens you, practice doing it, perhapswith a
trusted friend or fellow student. If the pressure of taking tests causes you to freeze up,
buy some practice tests at the school bookstore or online and work with them when
there are no time pressures.
Examine your expectations. Try to set realistic goals. It’s good to push yourself to achieve,
but make sure your expectations are realistic. Watch out for perfectionism. Be satisfied
with doing the best you can. Nobody’s perfect—not you, not your fellow Cadet, nobody.
Allow people the liberty to make mistakes, and remember that mistakes can be a good
teacher.
Live a healthy lifestyle. Get plenty of exercise. Eat healthy foods. Allow time for rest and
relaxation. Find a relaxation technique that works for you—prayer, yoga, meditation, or
breathing exercises. Look for the humor in life, and enjoy yourself.
Learn to accept change as a part of life. Nothing stays the same. Develop a support system
of friends and relatives you can talk to when needed. Believe in yourself and your potential.
Remember that many people from disadvantaged backgrounds have gone on to enjoy
great success in life.
ASSIGNMENT NO: 04
PUBLIC SPEAKING
Introduction
The process of speaking to a group of people in a structured, deliberate manner intended to
inform, influence, or entertain the listeners is known as public speaking. It is closely allied to
"presenting", although the latter has more of a commercial connotation. In public speaking,
there are five basic elements, often expressed as "who is saying what to whom using what
medium with what effects?" The purpose of public speaking ranges from simply transmitting
information, to motivating people to act, to simply telling a story. Good orators should be able
to change the emotions of their listeners, not just inform them. Interpersonal communication
and public speaking have several components that embrace such things as motivational
speaking, leadership/personal development, business, customer service, large group
communication, and mass communication. Public speaking can be a powerful tool to use for
purposes such as motivation, influence, persuasion, informing, translation, or simply
entertaining. A confident speaker is more likely to use this as excitement and create effective
speech, thus increasing their overall ethos. Professional public speakers often engage in
ongoing training and education to refine their craft. This may include seeking guidance to
improve their speaking skillssuch as learning better story-telling techniques, for example, or
learning how to effectively use humor as a communication toolas well as continuous research
in their topic area of focus.

18.2 Importance of Good Public Speaking

Good public speaking skills also works at the time of the interview. It is compulsory to face an
interview before getting a new job. Interviewer will not only judge your personality but also
your communication and fluency in general. In this technology- savvy world, your
presentation skills and public speaking skills are also counted along with your basic
qualification.

It is not that we only require public speaking skills to speak in front of audience or to give
lectures. Public speaking skills are an asset that is worth millions. These skills are counted
not only in our professional life but are also useful when a person is college go-getter. For
example, a student possessing good presentation skills and public speaking skills can do
wonders in his grading criteria. It is important to have clarity of delivery element, which is the
base of any public speaking skills because unclear speech and words will do any good in
general speaking in front of audiences. It is common sense that on whatever topic you are
speaking, clarity is a must because no one would be able to convey your message or
whatever you are trying to speak. Unclear words will only show that you have not prepared
the subject or you are scared of speaking. Those who cannot convey their ideas into words
cannot transform their skills in professional life. Some scholars just pass away with their ideas
still left with them just because of the inability to transform ideas. It is true that these scholars
were intelligent and conveyed their message through writing. But the written scripts cannot
convey the messages effectively compared to speaking. They simply were not able to put
their messages in front of the people of what they actually think. They were unable to speak
in front of the public. So, do not let go the importance of public speaking skills.

People also think that public speaking skills and communication skills are not inter-related.
But they should know that they are inter-related to a certain degree of extent. However public
speaking is a broader term compared to communication skills, because people with good
public speaking skills have good communication skills. However, the vice-versa may not be
correct. There are many reasons behind why people with good communication cannot speak
in public. The reason behind why people are unable to speak in front of pubic is fear. Most of
the people are scared and have fear while speaking in front of the public. They get nervous
and their heartbeat gets fast resulting into unclear words and stammering. The common fear
of public speaking is called gloss phobia (or, informally, "stage fright").

There are numerous ways to enhance public speaking skills. No doubt, apart from the
practice you should have a great storage bank of vocabulary in your mind. You can practice
public speaking skills by speaking in front of your family members, friends and colleagues.
Gradually, your fluency will increase along with your vocabulary. Once you are able to come
out of your fear, you can be a good public speaker. Do not forget that possessing good public
speaking skills is a big asset.

18.3 Tips for Public Speaking

Know the needs of your audience and match your contents to their needs.
Know your material thoroughly.
Put what you have to say in a logical sequence.
Ensure your speech will be captivating to your audience as well as worth their time and
attention.

Practice and rehearse your speech at home or where you can be at ease and comfortable, in
front of a mirror, your family, friends or colleagues.

Use a tape-recorder and listen to yourself. Videotape your presentation and analyze it.
Know what your strong and weak points are. Emphasize your strong points during your
presentation.

When you are presenting in front of an audience, you are performing as an actor is on stage.
How you are being perceived is very important. Dress appropriately for the occasion.

Be solemn if your topic is serious. Present the desired image to your audience.
Look pleasant, enthusiastic, confident, proud, but not arrogant.
Remain calm. Appear relaxed, even if you feel nervous.
Speak slowly, enunciate clearly, and show appropriate emotion and feeling relating to your
topic.

Establish rapport with your audience.

Speak to the person farthest away from you to ensure your voice is loud enough to project to
the back of the room. Vary the tone of your voice and dramatize if necessary. If a microphone
is available, adjust and adapt your voice accordingly.

Body language is important. Standing, walking or moving about with appropriate hand
gesture or facial expression is preferred to sitting down or standing still with head down and
reading from a prepared speech. Use audio-visual aids or props for enhancement if
appropriate and necessary.

Master the use of presentation software such as PowerPoint well before your presentation.
Do not over-dazzle your audience with excessive use of animation, sound clips, or gaudy
colors which are inappropriate for your topic. Do not torture your audience by putting a
lengthy document in tiny print on an overhead and reading it out to them.

Speak with conviction as if you really believe in what you are saying. Persuade your
audience effectively.
The material you present orally should have the same ingredients as that which are required
for a written research paper, i.e. a logical progression from INTRODUCTION to BODY (strong
supporting arguments, accurate and up-to-date information) to CONCLUSION.

Do not read from notes for any extended length of time although it is quite acceptable to
glance at your notes infrequently. Speak loudly and clearly. Sound confident.

Do not mumble. If you made an error, correct it, and continue. No need to make excuses or
apologize profusely.

Maintain sincere eye-contact with your audience. Use the 3-second method, e.g. look
straight into the eyes of a person in the audience for 3 seconds at a time. Have direct eye
contact with a number of people in the audience, and every now and then glance at the whole
audience while speaking. Use your eye-contact to make everyone in your audience feel
involved.

Speak to your audience, listen to their questions, respond to their reactions, adjust and
adapt.

If what you have prepared is obviously not getting across to your audience, change your
strategy mid-stream if you are well prepared to do so. Remember that communication is the
key to a successful presentation.

If you are short of time, know what can be safely left out. If you have extra time, know what
could be effectively added. Always be prepared for the unexpected.

Pause. Allow yourself and your audience a little time to reflect and think. Don't race through
your presentation and leave your audience, as well as yourself, feeling out of breath.

Add humor whenever appropriate and possible. Keep audience interested throughout your
entire presentation. Remember that an interesting speech makes time fly, but a boring
speech is always too long to endure even if the presentation time is the same.

When using audio-visual aids to enhance your presentation, be sure all necessary
equipment is set up and in good working order prior to the presentation. If possible, have an
emergency backup system readily available. Check out the location ahead of time to ensure
seating arrangements for audience, whiteboard, blackboard, lighting, location of projection
screen, sound system, etc. are suitable for your presentation.

Have handouts ready and give them out at the appropriate time. Tell audience ahead of time
that you will be giving out an outline of your presentation so that they will not waste time
taking unnecessary notes during your presentation.

Know when to STOP talking. Use a timer or the microwave oven clock to time your
presentation when preparing it at home. Just as you don't use unnecessary words in your
written paper, you don't bore your audience with repetitious or unnecessary words in your oral
presentation. To end your presentation, summarize your main points in the same way as you
normally do in the CONCLUSION of a written paper.

Remember, however, that there is a difference between spoken words appropriate for the
ear and formally written words intended for reading. Terminate your presentation with an
interesting remark or an appropriate punch line. Leave your listeners with a positive
impression and a sense of completion. Do not belabor your closing remarks. Thank your
audience and sit down.

Have the written portion of your assignment or report ready for your instructor if required.

The objectives of a public speaker's presentation can range from simply transmitting
information, to motivating people to act, to simply telling a story. People who speak publicly in
a professional capacity are paid a speaking fee. Professional public speakers may include ex-
politicians, sports stars and other public figures. In the case of high profile personalities, the
sum can be extraordinary.

Public speaking and oration are sometimes considered some of the most importantly valued
skills that an individual can possess. This skill can be used for almost anything. Most great
speakers have a natural ability to display the skills and effectiveness that can help to engage
and move an audience for whatever purpose. Language and rhetoric use are among two of
the most important aspects of public speaking and interpersonal communication. Having
knowledge and understanding of the use and purpose of communication can help to make a
more effective speaker communicate their message in an effective way. The speeches of
politicians are often widely analyzed by both their supporters and detractors.
ASSIGNMENT NO: 05
The Indeed Editorial Team comprises a diverse and talented team of writers, researchers
and subject matter experts equipped with Indeed's data and insights to deliver useful tips to
help guide your career journey.

Team building and team working bring colleagues together to work more effectively and
accomplish goals. Companies can build strong teams by listening to employees' needs and
understanding what their strengths and weaknesses are. Working together to meet similar
objectives can increase job satisfaction, improve productivity and contribute to the growth of
an organization. In this article, we discuss what team building is, what team working is, how
they apply in a workplace setting and the similarities and differences between them. What
is team building?
Team building is the creation of a team selected based on the members' individual skills and
their ability to complement each other to create positive outcomes. It also involves engaging
these team members in activities that increase their cohesiveness by teaching them to
balance each other's skills. Team building has an important role in the workplace because it
functions as the first step toward team working. Examples of team-building activities include
office games, community service and company outings.
What is team working?
Team working is collaborating within a group to achieve common goals. Also known as
teamwork, team working refers to the methods teams use to meet their objectives. When
teams strategize well, they may accomplish more together than they could independently.

Team working has an important role in organizations because many businesses rely on
members of certain departments, such as marketing or accounting, to use their individual
skills and knowledge to work toward the same goals. Teams that work well together have
many features in common, such as:

Clear responsibilities
Open communication between members
Minimal competition
Inclusiveness in decision-making
Support and respect for one another
Accountability for roles and actions
Team building vs. team working
Team building and team working involve different aims, but they have similarities as well.
Both activities help members within an organization reach specific goals, they just do it
differently. Here are some similarities and differences between team building and team
working:

Purpose
The purpose of team building is to create a team so that teamwork can take place. It allows
organizations to develop diverse teams made up of members who can work together toward
the same goals in different ways. Team-building activities serve the purpose of bringing team
members together and boosting morale to increase motivation.

Team working takes place once team building has already occurred. Once an organization
establishes a team, members discuss solutions to current challenges and how each one can
help. They then complete their own tasks independently, so their combined outcomes have a
positive effect on the team and the company.
Structure
The structure of a company's team-building exercises determines the structure of the
assembled team. Activities companies use to build teams vary based on their primary goals.
For example, if they want to emphasize compassion and helpfulness, they may structure their
team-building efforts around community service projects. If they choose critical thinking as the
primary focus, it might work better to create the type of team they want.
Team working structure depends on the results of the team-building exercises, why the
organization created the team and the dynamics of the members. Some structures are
organic or flat, with flexible roles that may overlap. Mechanistic structures have an
established hierarchy with few leaders and defined positions. Strategy
The strategy for team building centers on developing a team that works together successfully.
Steps organizations can take to build strong teams include:

Define the team's purpose.

Assemble a team based on necessary roles.
Build trust among team members.
Be clear about expectations.
Evaluate performance regularly.
Provide constructive feedback.
Ensuring a solid foundation for a team involves creating teamwork strategies that encourage
team members to work together productively. Ways teams can improve team working skills
include:

Encouraging listening and communication

Embracing diversity among team members
Making consensus-based decisions
Solving problems as a team
Pairing new members with others who can help them get comfortable
Keeping in mind the team's most urgent priorities
Making accomplishing goals fun
Objectives
Team working and team building objectives are different, and each relates to their purpose.
The objectives of team building emphasize the interconnection between team members. They
include communication, engagement, trust and bonding.

Team working objectives focus on how well the team meets goals. They vary by team, but
organizations typically have similar frameworks for measuring efficacy. They may include
factors such as:

Productivity
Participation
Job satisfaction
Retention
Conflict resolution
Goal completion
ASSIGNMENT NO: 06
Group Discussion
Group Discussion or GD is a type of discussion that involves people sharing ideas or activities.
People in the group discussion are connected with one basic idea. Based on that idea,
everyone in the group represents his/her perspective.
GD is a discussion that tests the candidate's skills, such as leadership skills, communication
skills, social skills and behavior, politeness, teamwork, listening ability, General awareness,
confidence, problem-solving skills, etc.
The Group Discussion is generally the next level after the entrance exam to pursue a
professional degree. In the case of recruitments, Group Discussion can be the starting or at
the end, depending on different companies or organizations.

It is not fixed that the group discussion is always performed around the table. People can sit
in any arrangement, but everyone should be able to see every face. It is not only the usual
discussion, but it is also a discussion with knowledge and facts.
What is Group Discussion?
Group Discussion is a combination of two words 'Group' and 'Discussion.' Let's discuss it in
detail.

Group
A group means many people are working together to achieve some targets. The performance
of a group depends on the collaborative work of the individuals. The team of three or more
than three people is considered as a group.

Discussion
Discussion means exchanging ideas between two or more than two people, which is
generally a face-to-face interaction. It is a process of talking between people to reach a
specific decision. It is also defined as a conversation about a specific topic.

The result or end product of group discussion can be a particular decision, enhanced
knowledge, actions, an argument, doubt-clearing, disagreement, etc.
Why GD?
Over the last years, GD is used to test the soft skills of the candidates. It is used as a quick
method to shortlist a few candidates from the massive strength. The written exam tests the
knowledge and aptitude. Organizations check the social skills, technical, and communication
skills so that a candidate can work effectively without any obstacle in between his/her skills.
Why GD?
Over the last years, GD is used to test the soft skills of the candidates. It is used as a quick
method to shortlist a few candidates from the massive strength. The written exam tests the
knowledge and aptitude. Organizations check the social skills, technical, and communication
skills so that a candidate can work effectively without any obstacle in between his/her skills.
The GD or Group Discussion is used as an exam for many organizations and schools. It tests
the personality skills, communication skills, teamwork, confidence, problem-solving skills,
social skills, behavior, and leadership abilities of a candidate. It is also an essential part of
short-listing candidates for a job or admission to a university.

An intelligent candidate with good knowledge and skills sometimes lacks communication skills,
which can be a lack of confidence, hesitation in speaking, unable to explain his/her point of
view, etc. Due to this, Group Discussion nowadays has become an essential part of most of
the organization and institutes.
Knowledge and technical skills are essential things for a candidate, but in an organization,
he/she might have to face the meetings, discussing technical issues, handling new
employees, etc. Here, a lack of communication skills becomes the disadvantage of that
candidate. Hence, organizations and institutes ensure that the candidate must possess all the
qualities before joining.

ASSIGNMENT NO: 7

What is email etiquette?

Email etiquette is a set of principles to write or answer emails in a socially or professionally
acceptable manner. It includes language, structure, grammar, and tone.

Email etiquette differs based on the recipient and between professional and personal emails.
For instance, the emails you send to friends and coworkers are very distinct.

Why is email etiquette important?

Email etiquette helps communicate better and create a better relationship with the recipient.
Speaking in person versus communicating over email is entirely different. One phrase in the
wrong context could hurt your communications or brand.

That's why following proper etiquette while writing emails is so important because it helps you
convey your message clearly. It also helps achieve the following:

Professionalism: Using proper email language, you and your organization will convey a
professional image.
Efficiency: It helps you improve your communication skills. Emails which get to the point are
much more effective than badly conveyed emails.
Clarity of expression: Use appropriate tone to avoid being misunderstood or misinterpreted.
Protection from liability: Awareness of email stakes will protect you and your organization
from costly lawsuits.
Email etiquette trends: past vs present
To figure out how much email etiquette has changed, we conducted a survey using Google
forms and sent it to several working professionals through social media and other platforms.

Here, we'll share with you what we concluded from the survey results and how the etiquettes
have changed.

Salutation
A few years ago, even the thought of using "Yo folks" to address people in a professional
email would have been ridiculous and considered inappropriate.

But with the emergence of more informal workplaces, there has been a blur between casual
and professional etiquette.

When we surveyed a few working professionals, we found that nearly 46% of individuals find
it appropriate to use casual salutations like "Hey all" and "Yo folks."
However, there are still many people who are uncomfortable with such casual greetings in a
work environment. So if you wish to play it safe, you can use words like "Dear", "Hi", "Hello",
etc., to address the person you are sending the email to.

Nowadays, some people even send emails with no salutation in the email, and while this
might work for some people, it's not for everyone, so it's best to play safe until you get the
hang of your work culture.
Emojis were once considered too casual but are now accepted in many offices. A whopping
63% percent of people find the use of emojis in emails acceptable, according to the survey
we conducted.

They use emojis to make it more expressive and add flair to their emails. And I'm sure Gina
Linetti would approve of this etiquette.
But, she is not really known for her professionalism. So if you are not sure if your office would
find it acceptable, refrain from using emojis unless other colleagues use them in their emails.

Signoff
Sign-offs are one aspect of the email that has not gone too casual. At least not yet.

Most people used to write "Yours sincerely" initially, but emails are not formal letters, so we
have moved on from it.

Now, most people use words like "Regards", "Cheers", "Sincerely", in their emails while
signing off.

One-line reply
Short replies of only one line were considered rude and abrupt, but it has become acceptable.
People might use such short responses because they are busy and need to get the point
across quickly.
Such short email replies can be sent to colleagues, but when you write an email to someone
higher up, we recommend avoiding using one-liners.

15 email etiquette rules to follow (with examples)

1. Use a professional email address

Create and use a formal email address that people can remember. Your em…
5. Mark recipients in the appropriate tags
The people who must take any necessary action relating to the email must be mentioned in
the 'To' field.

For example, you can put your assistant in the 'To' section when sending an email to ask her
to change your schedule.

People you don't wish to take action with but who should be aware of the changes can be
included in the CC (carbon copy) field.

The BCC (blind carbon copy) field is where you add recipients whose identities must remain
hidden. The people who are added to the BCC cannot be seen by the other email recipients.
6. Read the copy twice before sending
It is one of the most overlooked email etiquette rules. Sending email copies with grammar or
spelling errors can hurt your reputation.
7. Be mindful with 'Reply all'
We are all aware of how many emails we receive each day. Using the 'Reply all' only when
essential can help avoid sending unnecessary emails to people. Use 'Reply all' only when all
people should be aware of the message.

8. Don't share controversial topics

If you get an email with offensive language (racist, sexist, etc.), don't forward it to others
because doing so could harm your reputation.

9. Don't email confidential or private information

Your email remains on the server even after you have deleted it from your account. So, it is
preferable to discuss sensitive material in person or over the phone rather than by email.
10. Email signature etiquette
An email signature is the most overlooked part of an email. Adding a professional email
signature can help your audience know about you and your business. 11. Avoid
excessive abbreviations
Refrain from using abbreviations in business emails as it is considered poor email etiquette.
Working professionals don't have much time to read and respond to emails. So write direct
words instead of using abbreviations that you only know.

12. Always introduce first

Your recipient will not know you unless you introduce yourself. Mention who you are, what
you do, and why you are reaching out.
[3:21 PM, 11/17/2022] Rutika Gangurde Met: 13. Shorten or hyperlink the URL Adding a
complete URL to the email content will look messy and affect readability. Instead, shorten
your URLs or use hyperlinks to make your emails look clean and easy to read.
[3:21 PM, 11/17/2022] Rutika Gangurde Met: 14. Check your attachments
Missing email attachments and inserting large files affect email etiquette and contribute to a
bad user experience.
 Check your emails for file attachments before sending them.

Upload large files to the cloud and insert the URL of the files.

15. Check your formatting

Accessibility is crucial to ensure email etiquette. Make sure your email format is accessible to
all users and email clients.

Use standard fonts and proper sizing.

Choose black color over others.

Test your emails for responsiveness.

Don't overuse bold and italic properties.

ASSIGNMENT NO : 08

What Are The 3 Main Resume Formats

As we mentioned before, the 3 main resume formats are:

Reverse-chronological - This one’s the most common and practical resume format. A
reversechronological resume lists your work experiences and skills in reverse-chronological
order. Functional - The functional resume is also known as the skills-based resume. What
differentiates this format from the other two is that it focuses more on your skills rather than
your work experience.
Combination (or, hybrid) - As you probably already guessed, this one’s a combination of the
other two formats. It focuses on both skills and experiences.

#1 - Reverse-Chronological Resume Format

And here’s what you’d include in a reverse-chronological resume:

Contact Information - Your name, phone number, location, and email address. In some
cases, you can include useful links, such as a LinkedIn or GitHub profile.
Resume Summary or Objective - A brief 2-4 sentence summary of your work experience, or
your objective for applying for a given position.
Professional Title - Your title. This should mirror the exact position you’re applying for. Work
Experience - Your work experience in reverse-chronological order. When possible, talk
about achievements over responsibilities.
Skills Section - Skills relevant for the position you’re applying for.
Education - Your educational history. Pro tip - if you have a B.A., feel free to skip on your high
school education.
Optional Sections - Sections like volunteering, projects, portfolio, hobbies, etc. While they’re
not a game-changer, they can help fill up some space on your resume.

#2 - Functional Resume Format

As the name suggests, a functional resume focuses more on skills rather than work
experience.

It’s mainly useful for recent graduates or career changers since your work experience is not
the main focus of the resume.
What to include a functional resume:
Contact Information
Resume Summary or Objective
Professional Title
Skills Summary
Additional Skills
Work Experience
Education
As you can see, the main difference from a reverse-chronological resume is that the focus of
the functional resume is the Skill Summary (or Areas of Strengths in the example above)
section.

And it looks like this:

Example of Skills Summary (Areas of Strengths):

Over 10 years of experience in the service industry as a bartender, waiter, and bar manager
Extensive knowledge of cocktails, alcoholic beverages, wines, and run-of-the-meal restaurant
offerings
Experience managing a team of 3 bartenders
Ensuring that the bar is stocked at all times
The point of a skill summary is to sell your skill-set rather than your work experience. The
above summary, for example, could be that of a bar manager looking to apply for the position
of a restaurant manager.

While it’s clear that the person does not have experience as a restaurant manager, the skill
summary shows how his skills would make him a great candidate.

The pros and cons of a functional resume are as follows:

Functional Resume Format Pros:

Good for highlighting specific skills.
Useful if you’re switching careers since you can explain how your skills transfer to the new
job. Also useful if you’re a recent graduate with practical skills, but not much work experience.

#3 - Combination (Or, Hybrid) Resume Format

The combination resume format, also known as the “hybrid,” is a mixture of the functional and
reverse-chronological formats.

It also comes with a skill summary section, but there’s a greater focus on the work
experience. The typical sections you’d find on a combination resume are the same as that of
a functional resume, the main difference being the focus on work experience.

What to include in a combination resume:

Contact Information
Skill Summary
Additional Skills
Work Experience
Education
A functional resume can have zero or minimal work history, while a combination resume puts
equal emphasis on both.

Usually, the combination resume is for candidates with extensive work experience, who need
a way to emphasize more work experience and skills with less space.

Combination Resume Format Pros:

Allows you to show off more of your experience and skills using less space.
Useful for very senior professionals or executives who need to highlight more than just their
work experience.
Combination Resume Format Cons:
As with the functional resume format, applicant tracking systems have difficulties reading
combination resumes.
If you’re a recent graduate or don’t have much work experience, this resume format is not for
you.
ASSIGNMENT NO:09
Mock Interviews
1) Tell me something about yourself? • Now I had recently completed my bachelor
degree in Computer Engineering from Pune University . My skills include strong
grasping in programming languages, secure coding, and software and hardware
technologies. I also have solid knowledge of software development, network
protocols, and internet connectivity
2) What are your strength?( Confident ,Optimistic ,Dedicated ,Quick learner)
• Teamwork, presentation skills, good communication
• Trustworthiness
• Creativity Discipline
• Patience
• Respectfulness
• Determination
• Dedication
• Honesty
• Versatility
3) What are your weakness?
As now I am fresher so I haven’t fount any weakness.
4) Why should I hire you?
Sir, job profile demand good programming skills ,I have the skills and experience
which make a perfect candidate for this job.
5) Why do you want to work in our company?
As I had heard and read about the company this is a very reputed company. I see this
opportunity as a way to contribute to an exciting/forward thinking/fast-moving
company/industry so I should like to work in your company.
6) How long would you expect in work in own company?
I think this role is a great match for my skills and experience and that it would offer me
a chance to grow professionally. As along as i will feel professionally challenged I
expect to be here for as long as I can make contributions. I would prefer to stay long-
term.
7) What are your expectation from the job? My expectations for the company would be
to provide a work environment in which I can contribute to the team, I receive
appreciation for my contributions, advancement and good future. I have job stability
and the ability to grow with the company.
8) What are your salary expectations?
I expect salary according to the company norms and will agree with the company
standards. As a fresher, I don't think I have enough strength to negotiate my salary.
And I hope your company would be kind enough to pay the exact amount. The Only
thing I demand now is a good platform to develop my career