CES522 Topic 4b – Short column

Example 1 & 1a (short column – uni-axial)

Example 2 (short column – bi-axial: using two
methods)
 Example 1 (short column – uni-axial)

An internal column in a multi-storey building is subjected to an

ultimate axial load, NED of 1600 kN and bending moment, M of
60 kNm including effect of imperfections (M = M02).

Given fck = 30 N/mm2, fyk = 500 N/mm2, Δcdev = 5 mm, structure

exposure class XC1, column dimension = 300 x 300. The column
has been classified as a short column. Design the main
reinforcements for the short column.
Solution:

Fabrication subjected to quality assured system:

5 mm ≤ Δcdev ≤ 10 mm

8 + 25/2 = 50.5 mm
50.5
0.168

in the next slide.

or use 0.20 chart
or use both 0.15 and 0.20 charts, then determine the interpolation value for 0.168 (recommended)
≈ 0.28
 As/2 = 756 mm2 (for each side)

4H25

350
z

Example 1a: If the dimensions of this short column have been revised to

250
y y M02
250x350 (as shown) and M02 is acting about the y-y axis, design the
column reinforcements. NEd = 1600 kN; M02 = 60 kNm
 Example 1a
Short braced column (uni-axial bending):
(250 x 350); NEd = 1600 kN; M02y = 60 kNm (= MEd)
fck = 30; fyk = 500; cnom = 30 mm; d2 = 50.5 mm
350
Bending in y -axis  h for y -axis = 250 mm
z
 d2/h = 50.5/250 = 0.202 (use chart 0.20)
M02y
250

y y NEd/bhfck = 1600 x 103/(250x350x30) = 0.61

0.40
MEd/bh2fck = 60 x 106/(350x2502x30) = 0.091
z

Intersection: ≈ 0.40 (from chart 0.20)

 ≈ 0.40
Check distance
between
unrestrained 0.40 = Asfyk/bhfck  As,req = 2100 mm2 > As,min (368 mm2)
bar and propose 8H20 (2510) < As,max (3500 mm2)
restrained bar! (4H20 each side)
350

 Continue to propose the links (H?-?)

250

8H20
Exercise: Determine the moment of resistance for both axes: MRdy and MRdz
H?-?
base on the proposed 8H20.
Based on proposed 8H20: bars contribute to NRd – 8H20 As,prov = 2510
bars contribute to MRd,z – 4H20 ** Asz,prov = 1256
bars contribute to MRd,y – 8H20 Asy,prov = 2510

From chart 0.20: Asz,provfyk/bhfck = 0.24  intersect at 0.061 = MRd,z/bh2fck z

 MRd,z = 56.04 kNm
y y
Asy,provfyk/bhfck = 0.48  intersect at 0.103 = MRd,y/bh2fck 8H20
 MRd,y = 67.6 kNm
z
Example 2 Short: M(z) = M(2z); M(y) = M(2y) Imperfection effect
not included yet!
Short braced column (bi-axial bending):
(300 x 350); NED = 1200 kN; M(z) = 51 kNm; M(y) = 56 kNm As,min = max{0.1NEd/fyd; 0.02Ac}
loz = 2.79 m; loy = 2.72 m; λz = 27.7; λy = 34.2 = max{276; 210} = 276 mm2
fck = 25 N/mm2; fyk = 500 N/mm2; cnom = 30 mm As,max = 0.04Ac = 4200 mm2
Assumed: φlink = 6 mm; φbar = 25 mm
z M z-axis y-axis
(z)
eiz = max {hz/30; l0z/400; 20} eiy = max {hy/30; l0y/400; 20}
300
M(y)
= max {12; 7; 20} = 20 mm = max {10; 6.8; 20} = 20 mm
y y Madd,z = 1200 x 0.02 = 24 kNm Madd,y = 1200 x 0.02 = 24 kNm
M02z = MEd,z = 51 + 24 = 75 kNm M02y = MEd,y = 56 + 24 = 80 kNm
350
z Design the longitudinal reinf’t (separately):
d2 = cnom + φlink + φbar/2 = 49 mm (for both y & z axes)
NEd/bhfck = 1200x103/(300x350x25) = 0.46

(d2/h)z = 49/350 = 0.14 ≈ 0.15 (d2/h)y = 49/300 = 0.16 ≈ 0.15

Med,z/bh2fck = 75x106/(300x3502x25) Med,y/bh2fck = 80x106/(350x3002x25)
= 0.0816 = 0.102
Intersection ≈ 0.17 = Asfyk/bhfck Intersection ≈ 0.26 = Asfyk/bhfck
As,z = 893 mm2 > As,min As,y = 1365 mm2 > As,min
Propose 4H20 (1256 mm2) < As,max Propose 6H20 (1884 mm2) < As,max
 Asfyk/bhfck ≈ 0.17 Asfyk/bhfck ≈ 0.26
As,req,z ≈ 893 mm2 As,req,y ≈ 1365 mm2

NEd/bhfck = 0.46

hz = 350 MEd,z/bh2fck = 0.0816 MEd,y/bh2fck = 0.102 hy = 300

bz = 300 by = 350
 Example 2 Short: M(z) = M(2z); M(y) = M(2y)
Short braced column (bi-axial bending):
(300 x 350); NED = 1200 kN; M(z) = 51 kNm; M(y) = 56 kNm As,min = max{0.1NEd/fyd; 0.02Ac}
loz = 2.79 m; loy = 2.72 m; λz = 27.7; λy = 34.2 = max{276; 210} = 276 mm2
fck = 25 N/mm2; fyk = 500 N/mm2; cnom = 30 mm As,max = 0.04Ac = 4200 mm2
Assumed: φlink = 6 mm; φbar = 25 mm
z M z-axis y-axis
(z)
eiz = max {hz/30; l0z/400; 20} eiy = max {hy/30; l0y/400; 20}
300
M(y)
= max {12; 7; 20} = 20 mm = max {10; 6.8; 20} = 20 mm
y y Madd,z = 1200 x 0.02 = 24 kNm Madd,y = 1200 x 0.02 = 24 kNm
M02z = MEd,z = 51 + 24 = 75 kNm M02y = MEd,y = 56 + 24 = 80 kNm
350
z Design the longitudinal reinf’t (separately):
z d2 = cnom + φlink + φbar/2 = 49 mm (for both y & z axes)
NEd/bhfck = 1200x103/(300x350x25) = 0.46
y y
(d2/h)z = 49/350 = 0.14 ≈ 0.15 (d2/h)y = 49/300 = 0.16 ≈ 0.15
Med,z/bh2fck = 75x106/(300x3502x25) Med,y/bh2fck = 80x106/(350x3002x25)
4H20 z 6H20
= 0.0816 = 0.102
Intersection ≈ 0.17 = Asfyk/bhfck Intersection ≈ 0.26 = Asfyk/bhfck
As,z = 893 mm2 > As,min As,y = 1365 mm2 > As,min
Propose 4H20 (1256 mm2) < As,max Propose 6H20 (1884 mm2) < As,max
6H20
Verify bi-axial bending: ez = MEd,y/NEd = 67 mm
ey = MEd,z/NEd = 63 mm *h = 350; *b = 300

i) λy/λz = 34.2/27.7 = 1.2 < 2.0 & λz/λy = 27.7/34.2 = 0.8 < 2.0
ii) (ey/h)/(ez/b) = (63/350)/(67/300) = 0.8 > 0.2 @ (ez/b)/(ey/h) = (67/300)/(63/350) = 1.24 > 0.2

 Need to carry out bi-axial check

Bi-axial check:
1. Based on proposed 6H20: bars contribute to NRd - 6H20 As,prov = 1884
bars contribute to MRd,z – 4H20 ** Asz,prov = 1256
bars contribute to MRd,y – 6H20 Asy,prov = 1884 z

From chart 0.15: Asz,provfyk/bhfck = 0.24  intersect at 0.10 = MRd,z/bh2fck

y y
 MRd,z = 91.9 kNm
6H20
Asy,provfyk/bhfck = 0.36  intersect at 0.128 = MRd,y/bh2fck
 MRd,y = 100.8 kNm z

NRd = 0.567fckAc + 0.87fykAs = 2308 kN

NEd/NRd = 1200/2308 = 0.52  a ≈ 1.35

(MEd,z/MRd,z)a + (MEd,y/MRd,y)a = 1.49 > 1.0 (Not OK)  to provide higher As

propose 6H25 (2946)
 Based on proposed 6H20:

Aszfyk / bhfck ≈ 0.24

Asyfyk / bhfck ≈ 0.36

NEd/bhfck = 0.46

M/bh2fck ≈ 0.10 M/bh2fck ≈ 0.128

MRd,z ≈ 91.9 kNm MRd,y ≈ 100.8 kNm

Bi-axial check:
2. Based on proposed 6H25: bars contribute to NRd - 6H25 As,prov = 2964
bars contribute to MRd,z – 4H25 ** Asz,prov = 1964
bars contribute to MRd,y – 6H25 Asy,prov = 2964 z

From chart 0.15: Asz,provfyk/bhfck = 0.37  intersect at 0.13 = MRd,z/bh2fck y

y
 MRd,z = 119 kNm
6H25
Asy,provfyk/bhfck = 0.56  intersect at 0.175 = MRd,y/bh2fck
 MRd,y = 137.8 kNm z

NRd = 0.567fckAc + 0.87fykAs = 2770 kN

NEd/NRd = 1200/2770 = 0.43  a ≈ 1.28

(MEd,z/MRd,z)a + (MEd,y/MRd,y)a = 1.06 > 1.0 (Not OK)  to provide higher As

propose 8H25 (3930) < As,max (4200)
 Based on proposed 6H25:

Asfyk / bhfck ≈ 0.37

Asfyk / bhfck ≈ 0.56

≈ 0.13 ≈ 0.175
Bi-axial check:
3. Based on proposed 8H25: bars contribute to NRd - 8H25 As,prov = 3930
bars contribute to MRd,z – 4H25 ** Asz,prov = 1964
bars contribute to MRd,y – 8H25 Asy,prov = 3930

From chart 0.15: Asz,provfyk/bhfck = 0.37  intersect at 0.13 = MRd,z/bh2fck

 MRd,z = 119 kNm
Asy,provfyk/bhfck = 0.75  intersect at 0.23 = MRd,y/bh2fck
 MRd,y = 181.12 kNm

NRd = 0.567fckAc + 0.87fykAs = 3198 kN

NEd/NRd = 1200/3198 = 0.37  a ≈ 1.225

(MEd,z/MRd,z)a + (MEd,y/MRd,y)a = 0.935 < 1.0 (OK)  use 8H25 (3930) < As,max (4200)

350
Link: minimum φlink = max{0.25 (25); 6} = 6.25 mm
propose H8 4H25
sv,max = min{20x25 = 500; hmin = 300; 400} = 300 mm 300
propose H8-300 H8-300
4H25
Distance between unrestrained bar to nearest restrained bar
= {350 – 2(30) – 2(8) – 25}/3 = 83 < 150 mm (OK)
 Based on proposed 8H25:

Asfyk / bhfck ≈ 0.37

Asfyk / bhfck ≈ 0.75

≈ 0.13 ≈ 0.23
Example 2 Short: M(z) = M(2z); M(y) = M(2y)
Short braced column (bi-axial bending):
(300 x 350); NED = 1200 kN; M(z) = 51 kNm; M(y) = 56 kNm As,min = max{0.1NEd/fyd; 0.02Ac}
loz = 2.79 m; loy = 2.72 m; λz = 27.7; λy = 34.2 = max{276; 210} = 276 mm2
fck = 25 N/mm2; fyk = 500 N/mm2; cnom = 30 mm As,max = 0.04Ac = 4200 mm2
Assumed: φlink = 6 mm; φbar = 25 mm
z M z-axis y-axis
(z)
eiz = max {hz/30; l0z/400; 20} eiy = max {hy/30; l0y/400; 20}
300
M(y)
= max {12; 7; 20} = 20 mm = max {10; 6.8; 20} = 20 mm
y y Madd,z = 1200 x 0.02 = 24 kNm Madd,y = 1200 x 0.02 = 24 kNm
M02z = MEd,z = 51 + 24 = 75 kNm M02y = MEd,y = 56 + 24 = 80 kNm
350
z Design the longitudinal reinf’t (approximate method):
d2 = cnom + φlink + φbar/2 = 49 mm
NEd/bhfck = 1200x103/(300x350x25) = 0.46

Effective depth: h’ = h – cnom - φlink - φbar/2 = 301.5 mm (h = 350)**

b’ = b – cnom - φlink - φbar/2 = 251.5 mm (b = 300)**

MEd,z/h’ = 75x106/301.5 = 249 kN

MEd,y/b’ = 80x106/251.5 = 318 kN > MEd,z/h’  use M’Ed,y

β = 1- 0.46 = 0.54 > 0.3  M’Ed,y = MEd,y + β(b’/h’)MEd,z = 80 + 0.54(251.5/301.5)75 = 113.8 kNm
d2/h = 49/300 = 0.16 ≈ chart 0.15 M’Ed,y/bh2fck = 113.8x106/(350x3002x25) = 0.14 N/mm2

≈ 0.42

Asfyk/bhfck = 0.42 Asy,req = 0.42x350x300x25/500 = 2205 mm2  propose 6H25 (2946)

(3H25 each side)
Verify bi-axial bending: ez = MEd,y/NEd = 67 mm
ey = MEd,z/NEd = 63 mm *h = 350; *b = 300

i) λy/λz = 34.2/27.7 = 1.2 < 2.0 & λz/λy = 27.7/34.2 = 0.8 < 2.0
ii) (ey/h)/(ez/b) = (63/350)/(67/300) = 0.8 > 0.2 @ (ez/b)/(ey/h) = (67/300)/(63/350) = 1.24 > 0.2

 Need to carry out bi-axial check

Bi-axial check:
1. Based on proposed 6H25: bars contribute to NRd - 6H25 As,prov = 2964
bars contribute to MRd,z – 4H25 ** Asz,prov = 1964
bars contribute to MRd,y – 6H25 Asy,prov = 2964

From chart 0.15: Asz,provfyk/bhfck = 0.37  intersect at 0.13 = MRd,z/bh2fck

 MRd,z = 119 kNm
Asy,provfyk/bhfck = 0.56  intersect at 0.175 = MRd,y/bh2fck
 MRd,y = 137.8 kNm

NRd = 0.567fckAc + 0.87fykAs = 2770 kN

NEd/NRd = 1200/2770 = 0.43  a ≈ 1.28

(MEd,z/MRd,z)a + (MEd,y/MRd,y)a = 1.06 > 1.0 (Not OK)  to provide higher As

propose 8H25 (3930) < As,max (4200)
 Based on proposed 6H25:

Asfyk / bhfck ≈ 0.37

Asfyk / bhfck ≈ 0.56

≈ 0.13 ≈ 0.175
Bi-axial check:
2. Based on proposed 8H25: bars contribute to NRd - 8H25 As,prov = 3930
bars contribute to MRd,z – 4H25 ** Asz,prov = 1964
bars contribute to MRd,y – 8H25 Asy,prov = 3930

From chart 0.15: Asz,provfyk/bhfck = 0.37  intersect at 0.13 = MRd,z/bh2fck

 MRd,z = 119 kNm
Asy,provfyk/bhfck = 0.75  intersect at 0.23 = MRd,y/bh2fck
 MRd,y = 181.12 kNm

NRd = 0.567fckAc + 0.87fykAs = 3198 kN

NEd/NRd = 1200/3198 = 0.37  a ≈ 1.225

(MEd,z/MRd,z)a + (MEd,y/MRd,y)a = 0.935 < 1.0 (OK)  use 8H25 (3930) < As,max (4200)

350
Link: minimum φlink = max{0.25 (25); 6} = 6.25 mm
propose H8 4H25
sv,max = min{20x25 = 500; hmin = 300; 400} = 300 mm 300
propose H8-300 H8-300
4H25
Distance between unrestrained bar to nearest restrained bar
= {350 – 2(30) – 2(8) – 25}/3 = 83 < 150 mm (OK)
 Based on proposed 8H25:

Asfyk / bhfck ≈ 0.37

Asfyk / bhfck ≈ 0.75

≈ 0.13 ≈ 0.23