PowerView User’s Guide

Release 09.2022

MANUAL
PowerView User’s Guide

TRACE32 Online Help

TRACE32 Directory

TRACE32 Index

TRACE32 Documents ...................................................................................................................... 

PowerView User Interface ............................................................................................................ 

PowerView User's Guide ........................................................................................................... 1

Structure and Contents of the Documentation .................................................................... 6

Online Documentation 6
In-Circuit Debugger TRACE32-ICD 7

Program Start .......................................................................................................................... 9

In-Circuit Debugger TRACE32-ICD 9

Program End ............................................................................................................................ 10

PowerView - Screen Display .................................................................................................. 11

Concept 11
Graphical User Interface - Window Modes 11
MDI User Interface 12
MWI User Interface 13
Main Menu Bar 14
Accelerators 14
Main Toolbar 15
Work Area 15
Message Line 16
Error Messages 16
General Messages 16
Additional Information on Cursor Position 16
Softkeys 17
State Line 18
Cursor 18
Cursor - In a Hypervisor Environment 19
Debug 19
Trace 20
Debugger Activity 20
Mode 21
Task 22
Task - In a Hypervisor Environment 22
SMP Systems 23
Advanced 23

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 2

 Show/Hide State Line 23
Window Pages 24
Colors 25
How the TRACE32 PowerView GUI Assists You in Scripting 26

Commands ............................................................................................................................... 28
Command Structure 28
Long Form and Short Form of Commands and Functions 29
Entering Commands 30
Command Line 30
Device Selection 31
Command History 32
Command and Function Parameters 33
Parameter Types 35
Operators 40
Arithmetic Rules and Operator Precedence 42
Parentheses and Braces 43
Parameter History 43
File Names 44
Path Prefixes 45

General Command Parameter Parser - Behavior in the Different Radix Modes .............. 46
Parser Changes in Version V2.00 and Higher 46
A. Object of Description 46
B. Support of C Language Expressions 48
C. Radix Mode Support 49
D. Incompatibilities in RADIX.Classic Mode 50
Operands 51
Operand Format Examples (Literals) 52
Operand Transition Table 53
Operators 54
Operator Formats 55
Operator Transition Table 57

Window System ....................................................................................................................... 58

Windows 58
Window Captions - What Makes Them Special in TRACE32 59
Local Buttons 59
Local Popup Menus 60
Slider Controls 61
Window Operations 62
Basic Operations 62
Old Position, Bookmarks, and Current Selection 62
Getting Information 63
Changing Data or Setups 63

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 3

 Window Manager Menu 64
Window Position and Name 67
Freezing a Window 67
Erasing a Window 67
Window Scroll Bars 67
Printing Window Contents 68
Saving Window Contents 69
Special Window Options 70
Text-based Functions 71
Selection Service 71

Message Windows .................................................................................................................. 72

Window Tracking ..................................................................................................................... 73

File and Folder Operations ..................................................................................................... 75

File Contents ............................................................................................................................ 76

Encrypt/Execute Encrypted Files .......................................................................................... 77

Host Commands ...................................................................................................................... 78

Printer Operations ................................................................................................................... 79

System Setup and Configuration ........................................................................................... 81

Logging Commands ................................................................................................................ 82

Dialog Programming ............................................................................................................... 83

Dialog Syntax and File Types 83
Comments in Dialogs 85
Dialog Commands 86
Control Your Custom Dialogs 86
Control Behavior of Individual Dialog Elements on Custom Dialogs 86
Interact with the File System 86
Display Message Boxes of the Operating System 86
Dialog Elements 87
Return Values and Labels 89
PRACTICE Macros inside Dialog Definitions 90

HELP System ........................................................................................................................... 91

Ways to Get Help 91
Context-Sensitive Help 92
Structure of the Help System 93
Configure the Help System 94
Recommendations for Choosing a PDF Viewer 95
Bookmarks for Help Topics 96
Create Help Bookmarks 96
Store and Load Help Bookmarks Manually 97
Store and Load Help Bookmarks Automatically 97

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 Troubleshooting the Help System 98
Change the Installation Path of the PDF Files 99
Winhelp Compatibility 99

Previous Releases - HELP System ........................................................................................ 100

Previous Releases - HELP Installation and Setup 100
Previous Releases - Configuring an Alternate PDF Viewer 100
Previous Releases - HELP Installation Problems 104

InterCom ................................................................................................................................... 106

Version Management and Licensing ..................................................................................... 108

Text Editors .............................................................................................................................. 109

Built-in Editors 109
OS-Native Editor 109
PowerView Editor 109
Context Sensitive Context Menu 109
Keyboard Shortcuts
Automatic Formatting 111
Special Purpose Editor Windows 111
Edit Menu 114
External Editors 114
Configuring an External Editor 115
Working with TRACE32 and the External Editor 116

Icons ......................................................................................................................................... 117

Built-in Icons and Icon Library 118
Inserting a Placeholder for User-Defined Icons 119
Drawing Icons 120

Interface ................................................................................................................................... 122

Shortcuts .................................................................................................................................. 123

Appendix - About the TRACE32 Software Version Numbers .............................................. 127

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 5

PowerView User’s Guide

Version 26-Oct-2022

Structure and Contents of the Documentation

This chapter describes the structure of the TRACE32 documentation.

The release history in the documentation always lists the latest changes in the TRACE32 software. When
you get a new version of the TRACE32 software, please always check the Release history first.

Online Documentation

There are several ways to get access to the documentation:

1. If the TRACE32 software is already running, you can use the Help command in the main menu
bar.

2. On the TRACE32 software DVD and in your TRACE32 system path (e.g. C:\T32), you can find
a directory pdf. This directory contains the complete TRACE32 documentation in PDF format.

Open directory.pdf to get the table of contents for the complete TRACE32 documentation.

Documentation on how to use the online help can be found in chapter Help System.

The documentation is automatically filtered by your currently used hardware and/or software configuration.
The filter automatically reduces the whole documentation to the part that is relevant for you. If you want to
change the filter, take a look at the command HELP.FILTER.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 6

In-Circuit Debugger TRACE32-ICD

TRACE32-ICD includes all debuggers based on an on-chip debug interface (e.g. JTAG, BMD, OCDS …) as
well as ROM monitor solutions. Lauterbach also provides a trace extension for most debuggers
(TRACE32-ICT). TRACE32-ICD comes with a number of manuals that should make you familiar with
important features of TRACE32-ICD.

Manuals to help you get started:

• “ICD Tutorial” (icd_tutorial.pdf)

A guided tour through the TRACE32 graphical user interface (GUI) called TRACE32 PowerView.
We use a simple program example in C to illustrate the most important debug features and give
lots of helpful tips & tricks for everyday use.

• “Training - Debugger Basics” (training_debugger.pdf) - An introduction to debugging with

TRACE32

• “Training SMP - Debugger Basics” (training_debugger_smp.pdf) - An introduction to SMP

debugging

• “Training Script Language PRACTICE” (training_practice.pdf) - An introduction to PRACTICE,

the scripting language for TRACE32

Sources of information beyond the PDF files of the TRACE32 online help:

• https://www.lauterbach.com/reference_card_web.pdf - Reference Card for the most common

commands of the PRACTICE scripting language

• https://www.lauterbach.com/publications/debugging_amp_smp_systems.pdf - An introduction
to asymmetrical and symmetrical multiprocessing (AMP/SMP)

• https://www.youtube.com/user/lauterbachgmbh - A variety of tutorials on the Lauterbach

YouTube channel

For more information on the features of TRACE32-ICD, refer to the following parts of the TRACE32
online help:

• “TRACE32 Installation Guide” (installation.pdf)

This part is the general installation guide for all TRACE32 development tools.

• “ICD In-Circuit Debugger”

This part provides all CPU specific information for your TRACE32-ICD, chiefly how to set up the
debugger for your target. Here you will also find all extra features that are supported for your
CPU.

• “General Reference Guide” (general_ref_<x>.pdf)

This part provides an alphabetical list of all debugger commands.

• “TRACE32 Functions Reference” (<x>_func.pdf)

Refer to this part for information about the TRACE32 PRACTICE functions.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 7

 • “PowerView User’s Guide” (ide_user.pdf)
All TRACE32 development tools share the common user interface TRACE32 PowerView. This
part describes the basic functions of the user interface (command structure, online help, editing
and managing files, printer operations, etc.)

• “PowerView Command Reference” (ide_ref.pdf)

This part provides an alphabetical list of all TRACE32 PowerView commands.

• “PRACTICE Script Language User’s Guide” (practice_user.pdf)

The TRACE32 script language PRACTICE is mainly used to perform automatic setups, to
automate test sequences or to store the system settings for later recall. This part describes the
basic structure and features of PRACTICE.

• “PRACTICE Script Language Reference Guide” (practice_ref.pdf)

This part provides an alphabetical list of all PRACTICE commands.

• “OS Awareness Manuals” (rtos_<os>.pdf)

Refer to this part if you want to use the TRACE32 OS Awarenesses (= RTOS Debuggers in
previous TRACE32 releases).

• “3rd-Party Tool Integrations” (int_<x>.pdf)

Refer to this part, if you want to run TRACE32-ICD from a 3rd-party user interface.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 8

Program Start

After installing the driver program to the appropriate host system, the executable can be started.

The TRACE32 system has to be powered up. If this is not the case, the error message "NO CARRIER …",
"LINK ERROR …" or "TRACE32 not responding" will appear.

If all environment variables are installed correctly, the driver program can be invoked from any sub-directory
or drive.

To start a TRACE32 executable, you can use:

• The T32Start utility

• The command line of the operating system

T32Start

The user interface of the T32Start utility assists you in creating as many start environments for TRACE32 as
you need for your different debug projects. Based on the start environment you have created with a few
mouse-clicks, T32Start auto-generates the configuration file that is essential for starting TRACE32 correctly.

For more information, see “T32Start” (app_t32start.pdf).

Command Line

If you want to start TRACE32 via the command line of the operating system, you need to manually create
the configuration file (by default config.t32). The configuration file settings are described in “TRACE32
Installation Guide” (installation.pdf).

For information about the command line syntax and command line options, see “TRACE32 Installation
Guide” (installation.pdf).

The following list is a selection of the available command line options:

• --t32-help

• --t32-safestart

• --t32-logautostart

In-Circuit Debugger TRACE32-ICD

t32m<cpu>.exe Windows version for TRACE32-ICD.

TRACE32-ICD system software is running on PC.

t32m<cpu> Workstation version for TRACE32-ICD.

TRACE32-ICD system software is running on workstation.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 9

Program End

Getting back to the operating system command level is possible by using the command QUIT or by choosing
File menu > Exit.

QUIT Return to operating system

::QUIT

The QUIT command quits the driver program and resets the TRACE32 system. When the driver program is
restarted, a complete boot sequence will be executed.

If for any reason the host crashes, the TRACE32 system should be switched off for a few seconds.

NOTE: If your TRACE32 development tool is connected to the target, it is important to use
the proper power on/power off sequence. For detailed information, refer to your
Processor Architecture Manual.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 10

PowerView - Screen Display

Concept

The graphical user interface (GUI) of TRACE32 is called TRACE32 PowerView. The TRACE32 user
interface is based on an extremely fast, character oriented window system. Up to 128 different windows can
be composed for display, each can contain up to 250 * 250 characters. Window type, size and status can be
defined very flexibly by the user. Each window is assigned to one task, which is sequentially executed to
update the window information.

Windows may be frozen to prevent them from being updated.

An array of windows is called a “PAGE”. Several pages can be defined in this manner, with each page
representing a part of the user’s work area. Multiple pages cause no performance degradation, as only the
visible windows are updated.

Graphical User Interface - Window Modes

The user interface TRACE32 PowerView supports 2 different window modes:

• MDI (multiple document interface): All sub-windows are placed inside the TRACE32 main
window.

• MWI (multiple window interface): The TRACE32 main window and the sub-windows are placed
freely on the desktop.

On MS Windows systems, the MWI window mode is split into 2 sub-modes:

• FDI (floating document interface): Same as MWI; the taskbar shows only one icon for all
windows. Minimizing the main window will also minimize the sub-windows.

• MTI (multiple top-level window interface): The taskbar shows an icon for the main window and
each sub-window. Minimizing the main window does not minimize the sub-windows.

These modes can be set in the SCREEN= section of the configuration file (config.t32). Depending on the
version of TRACE32, not all window modes are supported:

Windows Linux/ Linux/ SunOS/ HP-UX OS X/ OS X/

Motif Qt Solaris Motif Qt

MDI + - + - - - +

MWI + + + + + + +

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MDI User Interface
[Back to Top]

After starting TRACE32, the main window of the TRACE32 PowerView GUI is displayed.

For more information, click the blue GUI terms.

Main menu bar Main toolbar

Local buttons

Command line Softkeys State line

Message line Work area
with
windows

A Local popup menu

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 12

MWI User Interface
[Back to Top]

After starting TRACE32, the main window of the TRACE32 PowerView GUI is displayed.

For more information, click the blue GUI terms.

Main menu bar Main toolbar

Command line Softkeys

Message line State line

Local buttons

A Local popup menu

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 13

Main Menu Bar
[Back to Top]

The main menu bar provides all important commands for each functional unit of the TRACE32 development
tool. You can add user-defined menus to the main menu bar by using the MENU commands.

MENU.AddMenu Allows you to quickly add one menu for temporary usage.
Default name of the temporary menu is User.
MENU.ReProgram Allows you to embed a menu definition in a PRACTICE script
(*.cmm) or create a *.men file for a menu definition.

Example: This script adds the User menu shown in the above screenshot to the main toolbar.

; menu User with two menu options

MENU.AddMenu "Mapper Settings" "MAP.List"
MENU.AddMenu "Free and Used Memory" "MAP.state"

Accelerators

Accelerators allow you to execute commands with a single keystroke. Usually the function keys are used for
this purpose. Accelerators can be changed by using the MENU commands.

Example:

; the example shows how to include an accelerator in a temporary menu

MENU.AddMenu "Mapper Settings, ALT+F10" "MAP.List"

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 14

Main Toolbar
[Back to Top]

The main toolbar provides buttons for the most important TRACE32 commands. You can add user-defined
buttons with tooltips to the main toolbar by using the MENU commands.

MENU.AddTool Add a temporary button to the main toolbar, i.e. the

button is available only for the current TRACE32 session
TOOLBAR Toggle main toolbar

MENU.Program Editor to write a program that customizes the TRACE32

menu
MENU.ReProgram Menu programming
MENU.RESet Restore default menu and configuration of main toolbar

Example: This script adds the button shown in the above screenshot to the main toolbar.

; the example shows how to add a temporary button to the main toolbar
; <tooltip> <button_letters,color> <command>
MENU.AddTool "Mapper Settings" "ML,B" "MAP.List"

Work Area
[Back to Top]

The work area is used as the general input and output area. For more detailed information, see Windows.

In addition to working with windows in the work area, you can place windows on user-defined pages. This is
useful if you need to open lots of windows and want to group them. For more information, see Pages.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 15

Message Line
[Back to Top]

The message line displays error and general messages, information on cursor position, etc. The message
line is located below the command line.

Error Messages

Error messages are displayed by a special attribute (e.g. red or blinking). The error message is erased
automatically. If an input error was made, an arrow will point to the mistake on the command line.

The softkeys will no longer correspond to the entered data! If the error message
is still unclear, the appropriate page in the on-line manual will be displayed,
when using the «help» key.

General Messages

When entering configuration commands, the current state is displayed during the command input. Some
command outputs are also displayed in the message line.

B::TRANSlation.TableWalk
Address translation: OFF

Additional Information on Cursor Position

If the left mouse button is pressed down while the cursor is positioned within a window, additional information
in regard to the current context will be displayed. In the example below the variable flags is selected in the
Data.List window.

B::
flag = {1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 16

Softkeys
[Back to Top]

The softkey structure represents a hierarchical selection menu. Each softkey can be activated by clicking the
left mouse button.

Softkeys with pointed brackets (e.g., «<file>, <range>, <address>») are placeholders for parameters which
have to be entered in the command line.

In the case of softkeys with square brackets ([ or ]) the command is executed immediately after being
selected without a written entry to the command line.

Softkeys written completely in lower case characters represent command hierarchy branching which does
not alter the command line (e.g., emulation).

Softkeys written in upper case and mixed case represent command words which can also be entered via
the keyboard. You can enter either the entire word, or just the upper case letters. Upper and lower case
characters are not differentiated.

By means of the «other» softkey additional menu selections located in the same hierarchical level can be
started. By «previous» you can return to the former level in the menu hierarchy. The commands for those
softkeys which have been shadowed in on the display are inaccessible at this time.

Data Command

emulate Command path

[Step] Direct command

<address> Parameter

previous Previous menu

other Next menu

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State Line
[Back to Top]

The state line is located at the bottom of the TRACE32 main window.

For more information about the individual fields in the state line, click the blue GUI terms.
Trace Mode

Debugger System
Cursor Debug Activity
and and
Cursor (in Hypervisor Environment) Task
and
Task (in Hypervisor Environment)

Cursor
[Back to Top]

The Cursor field provides:

• Boot information (Booting …, Initializing … etc.).

• Information on the item selected by the cursor, such as:

- Address (e.g. SR:00001A34) and symbol (e.g. \\arm\arm\sieve+0x48)

- File name, offset, line number, column number

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Cursor - In a Hypervisor Environment
[Back to Top]

In a hypervisor environment, the Cursor field provides the following information:

A B

a b c d

A Example of a fully qualified address in a hypervisor environment

a Access class (NUX:) b Machine ID (2:::)

c Space ID (03A5:) d Logical address (00401EC0)

B Symbol (\\sieve\sieve\fill_buffer+0x64)

The machine ID [b] is displayed only if you set SYStem.Option.MACHINESPACES to ON, and the space ID
[c] is displayed only if you set SYStem.Option.MMUSPACES to ON.

Debug
[Back to Top]

The Debug field provides:

• Information on the debug communication (system down, system ready etc.)

• Information on the state of the debugger (running, stopped, stopped at breakpoint etc.)

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 19

Trace
[Back to Top]

The Trace field provides:

• Information on the state of the trace (DISable, OFF, ARM …).

The state of the trace can be changed by using the Trace pull-down.

A A white X against a red background indicates that the trace method is set to NONE. For more
information, see <trace>.METHOD NONE.

Debugger Activity
[Back to Top]

The Debugger Activity field provides information on the target activity of the debugger, for example:

• A red S indicates that the debugger shortly interrupts the program execution to realize a
debugger feature, e.g. intrusive breakpoints.

• RUN in green indicates that TRACE32 has started an algorithm on the target to realize a
debugger feature, e.g. target-controlled FLASH programming.

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Mode
[Back to Top]

The Mode field indicates the debug mode. The debug mode defines how source code information is
displayed (assembler code ASM or programming language code HLL or a mixture of both MIX) and how
single stepping is performed (assembler line-wise or programming language line-wise).

The debug mode can be changed by using the Mode pull-down.

The System field indicates Up if the communication between the debugger and the processor/core is
established and nothing is otherwise.

The communication between the debugger and the processor/core can be established and ended by the
System pull-down.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 21

Task
[Back to Top]

The name of the current task is displayed in the Task field after the TRACE32 OS Awareness was activated,
see [A].

Selecting another task from the Task pull-down allows to switch the task context (mainly Register.view
window and Frame.view window).

• A check mark is used to mark the task for which the task context is displayed.

• A asterisk is used to mark the currently active task.

This feature is not supported for all operating systems.

Task - In a Hypervisor Environment

[Back to Top]

In a hypervisor environment, the machine name precedes the task name, and the three colons ::: serve as
the separator between machine name [B] and task name [C].

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 22

SMP Systems
[Back to Top]

The Cores field shows the currently selected core [A].

• TRACE32 PowerView visualizes all system information from the perspective of the selected core
if not specified otherwise.

The Cores pull-down allows to change the selected core.

Advanced
[Back to Top]

The Target field indicates an active target reset or a locked JTAG interface (command: SYStem.LOCK ON).

Target

If “Integrated Run & Stop Mode Debugging via JTAG” is used TRACE32 indicates that a debug agent is
running in the Monitor field. For details refer to “Run Mode Debugging Manual Linux” (rtos_linux_run.pdf).
Monitor

Show/Hide State Line

[Back to Top]

STATUSBAR ON Show state line.

STATUSBAR OFF Hide state line.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 23

Window Pages

Window pages in TRACE32 are similar to workspaces in other applications. In TRACE32, you can open
windows on different pages, but only the windows on the selected page are visible. Windows located on the
other pages are temporarily hidden.

You can create a new page and switch between pages by right-clicking anywhere on the TRACE32 main
toolbar. By default, TRACE32 auto-increments the names of new pages P001, P002, etc. But you can also
create new pages with user-defined names.

Right-click the toolbar to create a

new page or switch to another page.

The WinPAGE.List window serves as the table of contents for your pages. You should always open the
WinPAGE.List window with the WinResist pre-command to keep the table of contents visible on all pages.

P000 Default page P000

P001 New page P001

ANALYZE New pages with

user-defined names:
EDIT ANALYZE and EDIT

Currently selected page

Example:

WinResist.WinPAGE.List ;keep the table of contents visible on all pages

WinPAGE.Create ;new page with auto-incremented page name

;open these windows on the new page

Data.List
Var.Frame /Locals /Caller
Var.Watch %SpotLight flags ast

WinPAGE.Create ANALYZE ;create a new page named ANALYZE

WinPAGE.Create EDIT ;create a new page named EDIT

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 24

 WinPAGE.select Select page
WinPAGE.Create Create page with a user-defined name
WinPAGE.Delete Delete page
WinPAGE.List List pages
WinPAGE.REName Rename page
WinPAGE.RESet Reset window system

Colors

SETUP.COLOR Change colors

sYmbol.List.ColorDef List keyword colors
sYmbol.ColorDef Modify keyword colors
CmdPOS Toolbar and/or background color for multicore debugging
(TRACE32 is in MWI window mode)
FramePOS Toolbar and/or background color for multicore debugging
(TRACE32 is in MDI window mode)
CORE.SHOWACTIVE Show active cores in an SMP system. Each core has its
and own color.
CORE.List
SETUP.COLORCORE Enable coloring for core-specific info in SMP systems
<trace>.STATistic.COLOR Assign colors to function for colored graphics
GROUP.COLOR Define color for group indicator

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 25

How the TRACE32 PowerView GUI Assists You in Scripting

The TRACE32 PowerView GUI is designed to assist you in writing PRACTICE scripts (*.cmm), with which
processes can be automated in TRACE32:

1. The GUI controls in TRACE32 windows are labeled such that they reveal the command syntax
for use in a PRACTICE script. See (A) below.

2. The commands shown in window captions can be modified and re-used with one mouse-click.
See (B) below.

(A) Writing Scripts based on the Text Labels of the TRACE32 PowerView GUI

Let’s assume you are writing a PRACTICE script and require the configuration settings from a window, such
as the ITM.state window. A window can contain all sorts of GUI controls: radio options, check boxes, drop-
down lists, input boxes, and so on. To write a script that takes all of these GUI controls into account, follow
these two simple rules:

1. Type the GUI labels into your script file.

2. Omit the GUI labels that are all lowercase (here: itm, trace, commands)

TRACE32 does not accept:

ITM.itm.ON

TRACE32 accepts these 2 solutions:

ITM.ON
itm.on

Resulting command syntax for use in a PRACTICE script:

Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3

ITM.ON itm.on itm.on

ITM.DataTrace DataPC itm.datatrace datapc itm.dt dpc
ITM.PCSampler OFF itm.pcsampler off itm.pcs off
ITM.TImeMode External itm.timemode external itm.tim e
ITM.CyclePrescaler 1/1 itm.cycleprescaler 1/1 itm.cp 1/1
ITM.TimeStampMode ALL itm.timestampmode all itm.tsm all
ITM.TraceID 16. itm.traceid 16. itm.tid 16.
ITM.TracePriority 2. itm.tracepriority 2. itm.tp 2.

Solution 2 is the recommended solution in terms of typing effort and source code maintainability - for you
and your colleagues.

Solution 3 is very useful for frequently-used commands when you are working with the TRACE32
command line.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 26

 (B) Modifying and Re-using Commands Shown In Window Captions

Commands shown in window captions can easily be modified. This is a TRACE32 feature which is very
useful if you want to add, remove, or change the options or parameters of a command. This feature is also
useful when you are writing a PRACTICE script (*.cmm) and require a command that is already displayed in
a window caption; there is no need to re-type the command.

If you want to reproduce the step-by-step procedure below, use this source code:

;set a test pattern to the virtual memory of TRACE32

Data.Set VM:0--0x4f %Byte 1 0 0 0

Data.dump VM:0x0 ;open the Data.dump window

;visualize the contents of the TRACE32 virtual memory as a graph

Data.DRAWFFT %Decimal.Byte VM:0++0x4f 2.0 512.

To modify / re-use commands shown in window captions:

1. As a Windows user, right-click the window caption.

As a Linux user, click the top left icon, and then select Command Line.
Vertical lines are shown in the window caption [A].
The command is inserted into the TRACE32 command line [B].
A

You can now modify the command string in the command line. You can also select and copy the
command in the TRACE32 command line and paste the command into a PRACTICE script file
(*.cmm).

2. To execute the (modified) command again, click OK.

3. To deselect the window caption without executing the command again, press the Esc key.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 27

Commands

• Command Structure

• Long Form and Short Form of Commands and Functions

• Entering Commands

• Command History

• Command and Function Parameters

• For information about tab completion for commands, see “Shortcuts”, page 123.

Command Structure

Most commands consist of a command word, parameters, and options. The command word consists of
several tokens, which are separated by a dot. Commands are combined into command groups whereby the
first token of the command designates the command group. The other tokens define subcommands.
Device Command Subcommand
B:: Data. dump
List
Print
View
Set
LOAD. Ubrof
Ieee
SAVE. BINary
. .
Break. direct
Set
.

Commands can be preceded by a pre-command. Examples of pre-commands are ChDir (for changing the
directory), WinPrint, or WinExt. Window pre-commands are used to modify the behavior of the window for
a command.
WinPrint generates a hardcopy or a file from a command.
::B::WinPrint.Data.dump 0x1000 /Byte

option
parameter
sub-command
command
pre-command
device prompt

WinExt allows you to detach a window from the TRACE32 main window.

You can detach the window - even if TRACE32 is in MDI window mode.
WinExt.SYStem.state

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 28

Long Form and Short Form of Commands and Functions

Commands and functions have a long form and an equivalent short form. The two forms can be used in the
TRACE32 command line and in PRACTICE scripts (*.cmm). In addition, the two forms are not case
sensitive.

Short forms are a time saver when you are working with the TRACE32 command line. In PRACTICE scripts,
the use of short forms is not recommended because short forms tend to make scripts difficult to maintain
later on - for you and your colleagues.

Example of the two forms:

Long form SYStem.state

Short forms SYS or just sys

• You can use short forms in UPPER CASE or lower case.
• You can omit words in all lower-case letters, e.g. state

UPPER CASE letters in the TRACE32 application and documentation are just visual cues to indicate the
short forms of commands. You can see the UPPER CASE letters of the short forms in the following places:

• On the softkeys below the TRACE32 command line:

Short forms: (-) u d m o cpu ma

• In the TRACE32 windows; for example, in the SYStem.state window:

Long form: SYStem.MemAccess CPU

Short form: sys.ma cpu

• In the online help (For example, choose Help menu > Tree to open the command tree.)

To retrieve the long form of an unfamiliar short form (e.g. for sys.d):

1. Choose Help menu > Index.

2. Type the short form in the Find Index box, and then press Enter.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 29

Entering Commands

The long and short forms of TRACE32 commands are not case sensitive.

For example: Var.Watch can be abbreviated to v.w or to v.watch or to V.WATCH or to var.w

Command Line
[Back to Top]

All line-oriented commands are entered to the TRACE32 command line. The command line will
automatically come into focus when an alphanumeric character is entered (except Editor windows or fields).
All line oriented commands are not executed until confirmed by «return» or «[ok]».

The syntax is checked immediately after every key stroke.

OS level ::
devices HELP os windows practice EDIT

Device level ::B::

emulate Data Var trigger devices Analyzer

Command B::Data.
[ok] dump View Print List Set

Sub-command B::Data.List
[ok] <range> <address> options

Parameter B::Data.List 0x1000

[ok] options

Option B::Data.List /MarkPC

[ok] Mark Track TOrder SOrder MarkPC

NOTE: You can copy and paste up to 300 commands (i.e. 300 lines including
comments) into the command line.
TRACE32 executes them like a PRACTICE script (*.cmm).

;set a test pattern to the virtual memory of TRACE32

Data.Set VM:0--0x4f %Byte 1 0 0 0

Data.dump VM:0x0 ;open the Data.dump window

;visualize the contents of the TRACE32 virtual memory as a graph

Data.DRAWFFT %Decimal.Byte VM:0++0x4f 2.0 512.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 30

Device Selection

Each TRACE32 system has an identifier ending with two colons. The currently selected device is displayed
by the prompt of the command line. System identifiers can be entered prior to each command. When a new
device selector is entered prior to a command, the device selector is only valid for this specific command.
The permanent selection of a device is done by entering the identifier without any command word. The
TRACE32 operating system level can be accessed by entering two colons. Operating system commands
can be executed from any device without using a device identifier.

::B:: ; select ICD Debugger

B::QUIT ; The QUIT command is a part of the

; operating system and therefore, it is
; recognized for all devices

CmdPOS Controls the position of TRACE32 in MWI window mode

FramePOS Controls the position of TRACE32 in MDI window mode

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 31

Command History

By clicking inside the command line and then pressing the «up» or «down» arrow keys, you can get back the
previously executed commands. By entering just a keyword before pressing the «up» arrow key, it is possible
to search for lines containing this word.

The command history is displayed with the command HISTory.type. Clicking with the mouse will copy one
line to the command line.

HISTory.eXecute Execute command history

HISTory.SAVE Store command history log
HISTory.Set History settings
HISTory.SIZE Define command history log size
HISTory.type Display command history log

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 32

Command and Function Parameters

Parameters are required for an exact definition of the operation.

Every parameter is separated from the next by spaces or a comma. .

; parameter separation by space

FramePOS 10. 10. 80. 50. Top WHITE

; parameter separation by comma

FramePOS 10.,10.,80.,50.,Top,WHITE

Omitting parameters is only possible if commas are used to separate parameters. Additionally, existing
spaces are simply ignored.

FramePOS 10.,10.,80.,50.,Top,WHITE

FramePOS 10.,10., , , ,WHITE

FramePOS 10.,10.,,,,WHITE

Spaces are not allowed within parameters!

White spaces before or after operators are interpreted as separators of consecutive expressions

Wrong: Correct:

0y 1000 0y1000

0x1000 *0x3 0x1000*0x3

(0x1000+0x3 )*0x3 (0x1000+0x3)*0x3

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 33

 TRACE32 supports the following syntax for the command parameters.

Classic Number base is hex.

Decimal Number base is decimal, C-like operators are used.

Hex (default) Number base is hex, C-like operators are used.

If SETUP.RADIX. is entered at the command line, the currently used RADIX mode is displayed in the
message line.

B::SETUP.RADIX.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 34

Parameter Types

Numerical values are limited to 64-bit values, strings are limited to 4095 characters. Depending on the
particular command or function, the following parameters are valid:

Parameter Type Examples RADIX.Classic

Address <address> = [<access_mode>:]

[[<machine_id>:::]
<space_id>:]
<constant>
UD:0x1000 or UD:1000
D:0x1000 or D:1000
NSP:1:::0x0000:0xffff000008080004

Address Range D:0x4040--0x406F

For details, see D:0x4040..0x406F
Address Range NSP:1:::0x2000:0x8080004++0xffff
below. func11--sYmbol.END(func11)

ASCII value 'A'

Binary mask or bit 0yX111XXX or 0X111XXX!

mask

Binary value 0y1 or 1!

0y0 or 0!
0y100010001 or 0100010001!

Boolean <operand1><compare_operator><operand2>
or any function returning a boolean expression,
such as the functions TRUE() and FOUND().

Decimal value 1.
123445.

Floating point num- 1.3

ber 1.3e+34
0.123

Hex mask 0xFX or 0FX

0xff1cxxxx or 0ff1cxxxx

Hex value 0x0 or 0

0xd344 or 0d344
0x1234 or 1234
0xEEEE or 0EEEE

Range 0x10..0x20
10.--30.
0x10--0xed or 10--0ed
'A'--'Z'

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 35

 Parameter Type Examples RADIX.Classic

String "name"
(with quotation marks) "abc""def" - string literal value: abc"def

String Strings without quotation marks are only used in

(without quotation PRACTICE functions for parameters such as:
marks) HLL expressions
• Var.FVALUE(ast.left->x)
Keywords
• TASK.STRUCT(queue)
• WINdow.POSition(WinTOP,LEFT)

The notation format with quotation marks is

accepted for this kind of function parameters as
well.

Time range 10us--2ms

10us..20ms
Units of measurement:
• s (seconds)
• ms (milliseconds)
• us (microseconds)
• ns (nanoseconds)

Time value 10s or 10.s are equivalent.

23.24ms
75.0ns
Units of measurement:
• s (seconds)
• ms (milliseconds)
• us (microseconds)
• ns (nanoseconds)

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 36

 Parameter Type Examples

File name MS-DOS TEST

TEST.CMM
A:\FOLDER\TEST.CMM
objs\abc.abs
NOTE: 'C:TEST.C' is not valid name!

File name special \\program\"C:\folder\helloworld.c"

(for 3rd-party tool \"/home/myuser/examples/demo1.cpp"
integration e.g.
Eclipse)

File name UNIX/OS-9 objs/abs.abs

../src/abc.def
~/proj/src/main.c
~~~~/demo/analyzer/perf.ts

File name VMS [.objs]abs.abs

[-.src]abc.def
DISK$DISK2:[t32.font]abc.d;4

PRACTICE Function Register(PC)

FOUND()
OS.ENV(HOME)
Data.Word.BigEndean(MX:0x1234)

Line numbers \100

\MCC\100
\module\100
\\program\"C:\folder\helloworld.c"\100

Column numbers \100\15

\MCC\100\15
\module\100\27
\\program\"C:\folder\helloworld.c"\100\15

Instance numbers \100\15\1

\MCC\100\15\0
\module\100\27\2
\\program\"C:\folder\helloworld.c"\100\15\1
\module\100\\2 ; default column used
`(anonymous namespace)::sieve`\8\\1 ; default column used

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 37

 Parameter Type Examples

Symbol ;<symbol_name>
main
SIEVE

;\<module_name>\<symbol_name>
\MCC\sieve

;\\\<machine_name>\\<program_name>\<module_name>\<symbol_name>
\\\1\\linux\do_mounts\load_ramdisk
\\\Dom0\\linux\do_mounts\load_ramdisk

;\\<program_name>\<empty>\<symbol_name> results in
\\linux\\load_ramdisk ;2 backslashes before the <symbol_name>

;\\\<machine_name>\\<empty>\<empty>\<symbol_name> results in
\\\Dom0\\\\load_ramdisk ;4 backslashes before the <symbol_name>

Symbol Syntax:
<symbol> = \\\<machine_name>
\\[<program_name>]
\[<module_name>]
\<symbol_name>
[\<symbol_name>]...
||
[ [\\<program_name>]
\[<module_name>]\ ]
<symbol_name>
[\<symbol_name>]...

NOTE: The use of \\\<machine_name> requires that the machine

spaces are enabled with the command
SYStem.Option.MACHINESPACES ON.

Symbol with special `nestxf1::~nestxf1`

chars \`ops::operator<<=`

The HLL debugger commands (all commands beginning with Var.) have their
own syntax, which is identical to the syntax of the used high-level language.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 38

 Details about the Parameter Type Address Range

An address range consists of a start address, an operator, and an end address. The following operators
between the start and end address are permissible: two dots (..) or two dashes (--) or two plus signs (++).
If the radix mode is set to Classic with the command SETUP.RADIX.Classic, then only two dashes and two
plus signs can be used.

NOTE: The address range always includes the last byte too.

Example 1:

;Address range
Data.List SP:0x0..0xFFF
;Address range
Data.List SP:0x0--0xFFF

;RADIX.Classic: in RADIX classic you can leave out the "0x"

Data.List SP:0--0FFF

Example 2: All four Data.SAVE.Binary commands save 0x30 bytes beginning from D:0x4040

;Address range --
Data.SAVE.Binary file1.bin D:0x4040--0x406F
;Address range ..
Data.SAVE.Binary file2.bin D:0x4040..0x406F

;Offset ++
Data.SAVE.Binary file3.bin D:0x4040++0x2F
;Range computed with offset
Data.SAVE.Binary file4.bin D:0x4040--(0x4040+0x2F)

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 39

Operators

White spaces before or after operators are interpreted as separators of consecutive expressions.
Values can be linked by operators.

Type Example RADIX.Classic

Brackets (main+1)*20

Range (with borders) 0x1000..0x1fff

0x1000--0x1fff or 1000--1FFF
teststart--testend
(-1000.)--(-50.)
'a'--'f'
'a'..'f'

Range (with offset) 0x1000++0x33 or 1000++33

teststart++0xff or teststart++0FF

Negation -1 or -1
-0x1 or -10000!
-0y10000

Binary NOT ~2e or N#2e

~0x2e

Logical NOT !(i<20.) or N:(i<20.)

!('a'--'z'||'A'--'Z' or N:('a'--'z':O:'A'--'Z'
||0x20||0x9||'0'--'9') :O:20:O:9:O:'0'--'9')

!0x10 or N:10

Shift left 0x10<<2. or 10<<2

result: 0x40

0x10<<0x2 or 1000--1fff<<4
result: 0x40

0x1000--0x1fff<<0x4
result: 0x1000--0x1FFF0

"abc"<<3.
result: "abcccc"

"-"<<10.
result: "-----------"

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 40

 Type Example RADIX.Classic

Shift right "abc">>3. or 10>>2.

result: "aaaabc"

0x10>>2. or 1000--1ffff>>2.
result: 0x04

0x1000--(0x1ffff>>0x2)
result: 0x1000--0x7fff

0x1000--0x1fff>>0x10
result: 0xff0--0x1fef

Multiplication 1000.*0x2e or 1000.*2e

1000.*0y10 or 1000.*10!

Division 1000./0x2e or 1000./2e

1000./0y10 or 1000./10!

Addition 0x1000+0x03 or 1000+3

sieve+0x33 or sieve+33

Concatenation "abc"+"def"
or "abc" "def"
result: "abcdef"

Subtraction 0x1000-0x34 or 1000-34

1000.-0x34 or 1000.-34

Comparisons sieve>0x1000
sieve<0x1000
sieve==0x1000
sieve!=0x1000 or sieve<>1000
sieve>=0x1000 or sieve=>1000
sieve<=0x1000 or sieve=<1000

Data.Byte(my_char)==(
'a'--'z'||'0'||'1')
result: TRUE() when value is a
lower alphabet character or a
binary digit character “0“ or “1”

Register(PC)!=(P:0x1000||
sYmbol.RANGE(func2)||
P:0x20..P:0x2ff)

result: TRUE() when the actual

program counter register value
is not covered from the
address ranges.

Binary AND mask&0x1000 or mask#A#1000

Binary XOR mask^0x1000 or mask#X#1000

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 41

 Type Example RADIX.Classic

Binary OR mask|0x1000 or mask#O#1000

Binary Complement ~mask or N#mask

Logical AND flag0&&flag1 or flag0:A:flag1

(r(D0)>d.l(i))&&(d.b(x)<=0x0f) or (r(D0)>d.l(i)):A:(d.b(x)<=0f)

Logical XOR flag0^^flag1 or flag0:X:flag1

Logical OR flag0||flag1 or flag0:O:flag1

'a'--'z'||'0'--'9'||0x20||9. or 'a'--'z':O:'0'--'9':O:20:O:9

Logical NOT !FOUND() or N:found

Arithmetic Rules and Operator Precedence

The arithmetic hierarchy is similar to that found in most other programming languages, whereby a difference
is made between boolean and arithmetic operators of logical relations. Expressions of the same priority are
evaluated from left to right.

Precedence Operands Meaning

1. ( ) { } Brackets (highest priority)

2. -- ++ .. Ranges

3. + - ~ ! N# N: Signs, Binary NOT, Logic NOT

4. << >> Shift operations

5. * / % Multiplication, Division, Modulo

6. + - + Addition, Subtraction, Concatenation

7. == != >= <= > < Comparisons

8. & #A# Binary AND

9. ^ #X# Binary XOR

10. | #O# Binary OR

11. && :A: Logical AND

12. ^^ :X: Logical XOR

13. || :O: Logical OR (lowest priority)

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 42

Parentheses and Braces

The braces '{' and '}' have the same mathematical function as the parentheses '(' and ')', except that the
braces additionally convert a variable expression into a constant expression.

B::Data.dump Register(PC) ; The Data.dump window displays a hex dump

; of the memory range indicated by the PC.
; Whenever the PC changes the
; corresponding memory range is displayed.

B::Data.dump {Register(PC)} ; The Data.dump window displays a hex dump

; of the memory range indicated by the PC.
; Since the current contents of the PC is
; converted to a constant expression, the
; same memory range is displayed all the
; time, even when the PC changes.

Parameter History

For most parameters (e.g. addresses, file names) the previous parameter entered may be recalled by using
the appropriate softkey. Only one entry is stored for each parameter type.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 43

File Names

TRACE32-PowerView supports the input of file names as follows:

• File names can be entered without extensions (*.xyz). The valid extension is added automatically
(see SETUP.EXTension).

• Wildcard characters (‘*’ or ‘?’) are supported in file names. In this case, a file selection or folder
picker dialog opens, from which you can select the file you want. See [A] in screenshot below.

• The file type filter can be set to automatically show the desired file types, for example c, cmm,
txt, etc.
In the example below, the file type filter is set to c files, i.e. the other files are temporarily hidden
in the file selection dialog.

A The command you have used to open a window is shown as the window caption.

B Filter by file type.

For MS-DOS/Windows applications, only one working directory is supported. To access a file on another
drive, the full path name must be used. Prepending the ChDir command before the command causes the
new directory to become the current working directory.

Examples:

Data.LOAD *.abs

DO \practice\* ; execute a PRACTICE script file from

; another directory,
; keep current working directory

ChDir.DO \practice\* ; execute a script file from another

; directory and make this directory to the
; current working directory

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 44

 EDIT a?.c

DIR *.obj

;inside a PRACTICE script file only, no macro replacement in command line

&practice_dir=OS.PresentPracticeDirectory()
ChDir &practice_dir

Path Prefixes

Tildes and periods can be used as path prefixes. There are five special path prefixes:

Linux Windows Function

./ .\ Current working directory

../ ..\ Parent directory

~/ ~\ Home directory of the user (from $HOME)

~~/ ~~\ System directory of TRACE32.

Default: c:\t32 on MS Windows

~~~/ ~~~\ Temporary directory for TRACE32

~~~~/ ~~~~\ Directory where the currently executed PRACTICE script is

located

Example:

;step through this PRACTICE script file (*.cmm) in the PSTEP window
PSTEP ~~/demo/arm/compiler/arm/arm9.cmm

NOTE: • In the command line, please use the path prefixes instead of the func-
tions, e.g. CD ~~~~/ instead of OS.PresentPracticeDirectory().
• TRACE32 can handle forward slashes / on all operating systems.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 45

General Command Parameter Parser -
Behavior in the Different Radix Modes

Parser Changes in Version V2.00 and Higher

A. Object of Description

The general parameter parser for commands is the TRACE32 parser which is used for command line input,
the batch language PRACTICE, the analyzer programming language, the peripheral description language
and the menu programming. The parser version V2.X was introduced May 1999.

Only the command group “Var” which handles HLL debugging does not use the TRACE32 parser. For
HLL debugging a special programming language aware parser is used. This allows the user to enter HLL
expression like the following example:

Var.View *((long*)p_firstelement->next))

Different HLL parsers are implemented (e.g. for C, C++, JAVA, Ada, ...).

This description is not intended for these kind of special HLL parsers.

Examples of using the general TRACE32 parameter parser:

Command line:

Break.Set sieve /Alpha ; sets alpha breakpoint at function begin

; of sieve
Data.List P:0x1ACE ; opens source list window at address
; program 0x1ACE
Data.dump P:0x10--0x200 ; opens data dump window from address 0x10
; to 0x200
DUMP mcc.abs 0xC00 ; displays file dump with file offset
; of 0xC00

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 46

 PRACTICE script files:

; check whether program stopped at correct address (0x1000)

IF Register(PC)!=0x1000
(
PRINT "Program stopped at address: " Register(PC)
; loads program counter with address of symbol startaddress
; and restart program
Register.Set PC startaddress
Go
)
ENDDO

Analyzer programming files:

TIMECOUNTER delay_counter 100ns--2ms ; defines counter time

; window

ADDRESS AlphaBreak func1--sYmbol.END(func3) ; defines address event

; from start address of
; func1 to end address of
; function func3

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 47

B. Support of C Language Expressions

Parser version V2.00 and higher supports a command parameter syntax that is similar to C
language expressions.

Please be aware, it isn’t a full C expression implementation, which is only available for the command group
“Var” (e.g. Var.view *(&flags+20)).

Restrictions:

1. Not implemented:

sizeof(), (typename), assignment operator (=,+=,-=,*=,/=,%=,>>=,<<=, &=,|=,^=),

array[], pointer->element, structure.element, *p_value, &flags[20], (a==2)?1:2
e.g. a += b+3;

2. Different meaning:

++ (prefix and postfix; e.g. i++) will be used for range offset input
e.g. 1234.++1000.,

-- (prefix and postfix; e.g. i--) will be used for range offset input
e.g. 100ns--200ns,

Symbol names will be interpreted always as &symbolname (start address of symbol) and not as
name or value for the complete symbol.

Example:

Break.Set flags /Write ; Sets a write breakpoint to the

; start address of the variable flags

Var.Break.Set flags /Write ; Sets a write breakpoint to the

; complete address range used for
; the variable flags

The character & is used to mark PRACTICE macros (e.g. &cpu="MPC860")

3. Extensions:

logical XOR (^^), data type boolean, bit constants, bit masks, hex masks, ranges,
addresses, address ranges, times, time ranges can use.. to define a range
(e.g. 123..456)

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 48

C. Radix Mode Support

Parser version V2.00 and higher supports radix (number base) switching.

Depending on the selected radix the written values are interpreted in a different way.

E.g. 123 could be meant as 123 decimal or 123 hexadecimal depending on the used radix mode.

RADIX Modes

RADIX Radix mode

The radix mode (number base) is specified by this option. Numbers without type prefix like “0X” or “0Y”
respectively postfix “.” are interpreted in the selected number base.

Classic number base is hex - all input formats for operands and operators permitted
Decimal number base is decimal - old-fashioned operators and operands are
locked
Hex number base is hex - old-fashioned operators and operands are locked - default

If RADIX. is entered in the command line, the currently used RADIX mode is displayed in the state line.

E::RADIX.
radixmode: Hex

To use PRACTICE and analyser programming files written in old-fashioned format please insert the
command RADIX.Classic in the first line of the start up PRACTICE script.

Written Value Interpreted Value in Radix Mode

Classic Decimal Hex

1000 1000h==4096d 1000d==1000d 1000h==4096d

P:1234 P:1234h==P:4660d P:1234d==P:1234d P:1234h==P:4660d
1000. 1000d 1000d 1000d
1234. 1234d 1234d 1234d

’d’: decimal value - ’h’: hexadecimal value.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 49

D. Incompatibilities in RADIX.Classic Mode

This section describes incompatibilities between radix mode Classic of the parser version 2 and higher
compared to older versions. The parser version V2.X was introduced May 1999.

Written Value Interpreted Value New Syntax for V2.00 and

later
<=V1.90 >=V2.00

0xx13 (see 1.) xx13 x13 0Xxx13

0xxxx1100! (see 1.) xxxx1100! syntax error 0Yxxxx1100
0x23af (see 1.) x23af 23af !! 0Xx23af
0x23x56x (see 1.) x23x56x 23x56x !! 0Xx23x56x
.symbolname .symbolname syntax error ‘.symbolname‘
(symbol names with . as or symbolname and
prefix, see 2.)) sYmbol.PREFIX .

1. Now bit- and hex masks which start with 0x (e.g. 0xx10) will always be interpreted as a hex
constant (only one ’x’ in value - e.g. 0x23) or hex mask (more than one ’x’ - e.g. 0x2x4). The
result will be a different and wrong constant value or an error message compared to versions <=
V1.90.

NOTE: In consequence existing PRACTICE files and especially analyser trigger

programs written in old-fashioned syntax will not run correctly or will
generate an error messages.
Please refer to the Operand transition table.

2. Now symbol names which begin with the prefix character ’.’ will generate an error message. This
could be avoided if:

- the whole symbol name is put into quotation marks (e.g ’.start’)

- the automatic symbol prefix is set to ’.’ with the command sYmbol.PREFIX . Then the symbol
name has to be entered without prefix (e.g. start).

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 50

Operands

Examples for operands:

Break.Set sieve /Alpha ; sets alpha breakpoint at function begin of

; sieve
Data.List P:0x1AF ; opens source list window at program address
; 0x1AF
Data.dump P:0x10--0x1ff ; opens a data dump window from address 0x10
; to 0x1ff

Restriction:

Not all operand formats could be used in all radix modes. Please refer to the Operand Format Table.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 51

Operand Format Examples (Literals)

Operand Meaning Radix mode

Classic Decimal Hex

0y1010 binary constant X X X

1010! binary constant X
0x12af hex constant X X X
1234 hex constant X X
1234 decimal constant X
1000. decimal constant X X X
1.2 float constant X X X
0y10xx10 bitmask constant X X X
10xx10! bitmask constant X
0x12axfx hexmask constant X X X
12axfx hexmask constant X
'a' ASCII constant X X X
"abcdef" string constant X X X
"abc""def" string constant with escape X X X
sequence for using string
delimiter inside string literals
string value: abc”def
`main` backticks for HLL symbols X X X
1000--2000 numeric range constant X X X
1000..2000 numeric range constant X X X
P:0x1af address constant (hex) X X X
P:1234 address constant (hex) X X
P:1234 address constant (decimal) X
P:1234. address constant (decimal) X X X
P:0x1000--0x1fff address range constant X X X
P:0x1000..0x1fff address range constant X X X
123ms time constant X X X
123ns--4.25s time range constant X X X
123ns..4.25s time range constant X X X

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 52

Operand Transition Table

Please use the table below for converting the old-fashioned data type format into the new-fashioned formats.

Old-fashioned New-fashioned Meaning

<= V1.90 >= V2.00

1010! 0y1010 bit constant
12af 0x12af hex constant
10xx10! 0y10xx10 bitmask constant
12axfx 0x12axfx hexmask constant

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 53

Operators

Examples for the use of operators:

Command line:

Data.dump P:0x10++(Register(D0)%4) ; open data dump window from

; address 0x10 to offset value
; in register D0 modulo 4

PRACTICE script files:

IF Register(PC)!=0x1000 ; check whether program

; stopped at the correct
; address

Analyzer programming files:

DATA.BYTE ascii ’a’--’z’||’A’--’Z’ ; define data event with

; the alphabet as valid
; values

ADDRESS AlphaBreak !(fct1--sYmbol.END(fct3)) ; define an address event

; over the whole 4 giga
; address space without
; the address range from
; start address of func1
; to end address of func3

Not all operators could be used in all radix modes. Please refer the Operand Format Table.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 54

Operator Formats

Operator Meaning Radix mode

Classic Decimal Hex

! logical NOT X X X
&& logical AND X X X
^^ logical XOR X X X
|| logical OR X X X
N: logical NOT X
:A: logical AND X
:X: logical XOR X
:O: logical OR X
~ binary NOT X X X
& binary AND X X X
^ binary XOR X X X
| binary OR X X X
N# binary NOT X
#A# binary AND X
#X# binary XOR X
#O# binary OR X
- negation or minus X X X
+ plus X X X
* multiplication X X X
/ division X X X
% modulo (reminder) X X X
<< shift left X X X
>> shift right X X X

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 55

 Operator Meaning Radix mode
Classic Decimal Hex

< smaller than X X X

> greater than X X X
<= smaller or equal than X X X
=< smaller or equal than X
>= bigger or equal than X X X
=> bigger or equal than X
== equal to X X X
<> not equal X
>< not equal X
!= not equal X X X
() {} parenthesis X X X
-- range with borders X X X
.. range with borders X X X
++ range with offset X X X

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 56

Operator Transition Table

Please use the following table to convert old-fashioned operators into the new format.

Old-fashioned New-fashioned Meaning

N# ~ bitwise negation

#A# & bitwise and

#X# ^ bitwise xor

#O# | bitwise or

N: ! logical negation

:A: && logical and

:X: ^^ logical xor

:O: || logical or

<> != not equal comparator

>< != not equal comparator

=< <= smaller or equal comparator

=> >= bigger or equal comparator

not available % modulo (remainder)

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 57

Window System

Windows
[Back to Top]

All outputs of the TRACE32 system are displayed in windows. Usually, all windows display current data
because they are updated periodically.

Windows can be closed by the esc key. This allows to temporarily display some information and quickly
close the window again.

TRACE32 windows typically consist of some or all of the following components:

B
C
A
D

G F
H

A Window manager menu: Clicking the icon lets you open the window manager menu.

B Window caption: It displays the TRACE32 command that was used to open the window.

C Local buttons of a window.

D Scale area: Column headers of a window.

E Slider control (top).

F Data area: It contains the actual values or information.

G Slider control (bottom).

H Scale area: Additional information about lines, such as line numbers, record numbers, addresses,
breakpoints, bookmarks, etc.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 58

Window Captions - What Makes Them Special in TRACE32
[Back to Top]

The command you have used to open a window is shown as the window caption. The parameters and
options are also included in the window caption.

In addition, you can easily modify the window caption with a simple mouse-click. For more information, refer
to “Modifying and Re-using Commands Shown In Window Captions”.

Example: This script allows you to reproduce the above Data.DRAWFFT window:

;set a test pattern to the virtual memory of TRACE32

Data.Set AVM:0--0x4f %Byte 1 0 0 0

Data.dump AVM:0x0 ;open the Data.dump window

;visualize the contents of the TRACE32 virtual memory as a graph

Data.DRAWFFT %Decimal.Byte AVM:0++0x4f 2.0 512.

Local Buttons
[Back to Top]

Many TRACE32 windows have built-in local buttons [A]. In addition, you can extend TRACE32 windows with
user-defined local buttons [B].
A B

For an example of how to program your own local buttons in TRACE32 windows, see the BUTTONS
command.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 59

Local Popup Menus
[Back to Top]

You can extend the built-in local popup menus of TRACE32 windows with your own local popup menus and
menu items, as shown in this example of a List.auto window:

B C

A Built-in local popup menu named Program Address.

B User-defined local popup menu.

C User-defined menu items.

There are two ways to add your own menu items to popup menus in TRACE32 windows:

• You can assign your own menu items to the command short form of a TRACE32 window, e.g. to
the command short form L. for the List.auto window. As a result, your own menu items are only
visible in the List.auto window, but not in the List.Mix nor the List.Asm window nor any other
window.
For information about command short forms, see “Long Form and Short Form of Commands and
Functions”, page 29.

• You can assign your own menu items to the built-in popup menus Program Address and
Variable. As a result, your own menu items are visible in all TRACE32 windows that have these
popup menus, such as the following windows: List.auto, List.Mix, List.Asm, Data.dump,
Var.Watch, etc.

For examples of how to programmatically extend a TRACE32 window with your own menu items, refer to the
menu programming command MENU.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 60

Slider Controls

Most windows that output data have slider controls. By dragging the slider controls, you can:

1. Open and close legends, e.g. the color legends of charts in ProfileChart windows, see [A].

2. Resize the scale area, see [B].

3. Display new columns after modifying a command on the fly. In example [C], the Data.List
command is modified by adding ISTAT. To display the new columns, drag the slider control to the
right.

For information about how to modify a command displayed in a window caption, see “Modifying and
Re-using Commands Shown In Window Captions”.

Open and close

the color legend.
A

B
F

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 61

Window Operations

Basic Operations

All basic operations (e.g. move window, iconize window) are fully compatible with the host operating system.

Old Position, Bookmarks, and Current Selection

You can place visible bookmarks and one hidden bookmark in TRACE32 windows that output data, e.g. in
Trace.List or List windows. Using bookmarks, you can navigate between bookmarked locations.

Visible bookmarks View menu > Bookmarks opens the Bookmark.List window. The steps
below describe how to place visible bookmarks. For more information
about visible bookmarks and the difference between the bookmark colors
yellow and green, see BookMark.

Hidden bookmark Recall Position returns to the position you have previously saved with
Store Position. The steps below describe how to place a hidden
bookmark.

Current Selection Goto Selection returns you to the currently selected position or last
active view (in case the selection is no longer active).

To place visible bookmarks in a window:

1. Choose View menu > e.g. Trace List to open a Trace.List window.

2. Right-click where you want to place a visible bookmark, and then select Toggle Bookmark.

- Scroll somewhere else within the same window, and then place another bookmark.

3. To view the bookmark list, choose View menu > Bookmarks.

BookMark.List ;alternatively use the TRACE32 command line to open

;the BookMark.List window

Tips: To go to a bookmark location, you have the following options:

• Double-click a bookmark in the BookMark.List window. A new window opens, displaying the
bookmark location.

• Open a new window with the Track option, for example:

Trace.List /Track

BookMark.List ;now click the bookmark you want in the BookMark.List

;window to jump to that bookmark location in the
;Trace.List /Track window

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 62

 To place a hidden bookmark in a window:

1. Choose View menu > Trace to open a Trace.List window.

2. Click where you want to place the hidden bookmark.

3. Choose Edit menu > Store Position.

- Scroll somewhere else within the same window.

4. To return to the last stored position, choose Edit menu > Recall Position.

Getting Information

If the left mouse button is held down, additional information will be displayed concerning the field addressed
by the cursor position.

Cursor position

Changing Data or Setups

A double click to a field with the left mouse key will invoke a change command such as «Data.Set» or
«Register.Set».

Cursor position

Generated command

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 63

Window Manager Menu

The windows in TRACE32 provide a window manager menu with special commands. For a short description
of the these commands, see below.

• Windows GUI: To access the window manager menu, click the icon in the top left corner of a
window:

• Motif GUI: To access the window manager menu, right-click the window manager button. The
window manager button is located on the right upper or right lower corner of a Motif window.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 64

 Short Descriptions of the Special Commands in the Window Manager Menu

Next Jump to next window.

Command Line Inserts the window caption (= command) in the command line.
• On a Windows GUI, right-click the window caption.
• On a Motif GUI, click the window manager button, and then select
Command line.
You can now modify and run the command again or re-use it in a
PRACTICE script (*.cmm).
See also “Window Captions - What makes them special in TRACE32”.

Reset Position Returns to the position specified in the window caption.

Examples of window captions:
B::Data.dump (0x100) => Returns to address 0x100
B::Data.List func9 => Returns to symbol func9
B::Trace.List -000212. => Returns to record -000212.

Freeze Freezes the window contents. Executing the function again will change
back to a cyclic update of the window.

Freeze Parameter Freezes the window parameters.

Example: Data.Dump Var.Value(MyVar)

If Freeze Parameter is used, the dumped memory addresses are not

updated if the variable value will change.

Small, Medium, Changes the size of the font for the window. Switching to Large Font is
Large Font very useful in presentations before large audiences.
See also WinSmall, WinMid, WinLarge.

Transparent Makes the window transparent (only available for MWI interface of
Windows 2000 and later). These kind of external windows will allow
windows in the background to shimmer through.
See also WinTrans.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 65

 Print The result of Print or Print All depends on the output medium you have
Print All selected in the PRinTer dialog:
1. Choose File menu > Printer Settings to open the PRinTer dialog.
2. Select the output medium you want: printer, ClipBoard, FILE, or Area.

Depending on your selection, the window contents can now a) be sent to

the printer or b) copied to the clipboard or c) saved to file or d) printed to
an AREA window.

• Print prints only the visible window contents to the selected output
medium
• Print all behaves within a TRACE32 window as if you scroll to the
top of the terminal buffer and choose Print, then scroll down one
visible terminal page and do the next Print, and so on.

NOTE: To process huge amounts of data, e.g. from a List.auto window,

we recommend that you redirect the output to a file instead. See
PRinTer.FILE example.
See also PRinTer and PRinTer.select.

To Clipboard To Clipboard copies the visible window contents as text to the clipboard.
See also PRinTer.

To Clipboard all To Clipboard All behaves within a TRACE32 window as if you scroll to
the top of the terminal buffer and choose To Clipboard, then scroll down
one visible terminal page and do the next To Clipboard, and so on.

NOTE: To process huge amounts of data, e.g. from a List.auto window,

we recommend that you redirect the output to a file instead. See
PRinTer.FILE example.
See also PRinTer.

Window Screen- Captures a screenshot of the active window and opens the Save Window
shot to File Screenshot dialog. Enter file name and select file type (PNG, GIF etc.)
See also SCreenShot.

Window Screen- Copies a screenshot of the visible part of the window to the clipboard.
shot to Clipboard

Store Command Saves the window caption (= command) as a PRACTICE script (*.cmm).
The position, size, and name of the window as well as column widths are
also included in the script.
See also STOre.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 66

Window Position and Name

The size and position of a window generated by a command can be predefined by the command WinPOS.
A name can be specified for this window. This command in mainly used in PRACTICE scripts (*.cmm),
which were generated by the STOre command.

AutoSTOre Store settings automatically

STOre Generate a script that allows to reproduce the current
setting or settings
ClipSTOre Store settings to the clipboard
WinPOS Define position, size, and name of the next window
WinOverlay Pile up windows on top of each other

Example:

; <x> <y> <w> <h> <window_name>

WinPOS 5.0 5.0 58. 8. , , , TEXT1
TYPE ~~~\test.txt /LineNumbers

Freezing a Window

A window is frozen by choosing the Freeze command of the window manager menu. A frozen window is no
longer updated with the current state. Therefore, it can no longer be scrolled, because the required data are
missing. The pre-command WinFreeze will generate a frozen window from the command line.

Erasing a Window

Windows are deleted like any other window on the host. All windows can be deleted without loss of data, e.g.
when using the editor. The command WinCLEAR without parameters deletes all windows on the current
window page. All window pages are deleted by the WinPAGE.RESet command.

WinCLEAR Erase all windows on one page or a named window

WinPAGE.RESet Erase all pages

Window Scroll Bars

In the case of most windows with a finite size, the relationship between the displayed section and the entire
size of the window is represented in the scroll bars located at the borders of the window. Infinite windows,
like a hex dump, have no moving scroll bar.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 67

Printing Window Contents

To print a hardcopy of the active window, select the Print command from the window manager menu. Larger
areas can be printed by adding the pre-command WinPrint.

Printers must be configured in the config file (default config.t32). The installation of printers is described in
the INSTALLATION GUIDE.

WinPrint.<command> Print one window (full printer size) to file

WinPRT Make hardcopy of existing window
PRinTer.HardCopy Print all windows on screen
PRinTer.select Select type of printer
PRinTer.ClipBoard Re-route printer output to clipboard in specified format
PRinTer.Area Re-route printer output to AREA window in specified
format

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 68

Saving Window Contents
[Example]

The PRinTer commands can be used to redirect and save window contents to a file. The output file can
either contain one printout or combine multiple printouts in one file. The output format of the file can be either
a plain ASCII format for postprocessing or POSTSCRIPT for use in document processing tools.

PRinTer.OPEN Open file and re-route multiple printer outputs to this file
PRinTer.FILE Define file for single printer output and select output
format for file
PRinTer.CLOSE Close file after multiple printer outputs
WinPrint Print one window (full size) to file
PRinTer.EXPORT Export CSV-formatted printer output to file

Example: The contents of the Register.view window are saved to file, which is then opened in the TYPE
window. The path prefix ~~~ expands to the temporary directory of TRACE32.

Register.view ;optional step: open the window

PRinTer.FILE ~~~\test.txt ;create and open a file for writing
WinPrint.Register.view ;print the window contents to file
TYPE ~~~\test.txt /LineNumbers ;open the file in the TYPE window

Save window contents

to file

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 69

Special Window Options

Windows with some special behavior can be created by the following commands:

WinBack Generates a window on background

WinDuplicate Duplicates window
WinExt Generates an external separate window (MWI like)
WinFreeze Generates a frozen window
WinLarge Generate window with large font
WinMid Generate window with regular font
WinOverlay Pile up windows on top of each other
WinPAGE Window pages
WinPAGE.Create Create page
WinPAGE.Delete Delete page
WinPAGE.List List pages
WinPAGE.select Select page
WinResist Generates a window which cannot be erased by
WinCLEAR
WinRESIZE New size for window
WinSmall Generate window with small font
WinTABS Define TABs
WinTOP Bring window to top
WinTrans Generate transparent window

Examples:

WinBack.AREA error

WinFreeze.Data.dump 0x1000

WinResist.PEDIT test

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 70

Text-based Functions

The text-based functions are available in all windows. They allow searching for text and control the display
excerpt of the window.

WinFIND Search for a text string in a window

WinPAN Scroll window

The Find function can be accessed from the Edit menu window (Windows) or from the window manager
menu (Motif). This example shows that you can search for text in a peripherals file (PER.view window).

Selection Service

The selection service allows 'drag and drop' and 'cut and paste' features between applications. Drag and
drop is started by pressing the left mouse button on a selection and then moving the mouse. Cut and Paste
can be done either with the Copy command in the window manager menu or by using the Edit menu or the
appropriate accelerator key (i.e. ^C on Windows).

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 71

Message Windows

By default, all information is displayed in the message line. To get a more terminal-like output and input, you
can create multiple named message areas and display the information output to the various message areas
in AREA windows. Information is printed to the AREA windows with the PRINT command. Interactive
keyboard input on an AREA window can be made with the ENTER command.

• Error messages and warnings will always be displayed in the default AREA window A000.
A000 is the name of the default message area. See [A].

• User-defined messages can be output to the same default AREA window A000, or to extra
AREA windows having user-defined names, see [B].

A B

AREA.CLEAR Clear area

AREA.CLOSE Close output file
AREA.Create Create in/out area
AREA.OPEN Open output file
AREA.RESet Delete all in/out areas
AREA.SAVE Save contents of the AREA window to file. In this simple save operation,
the commands AREA.OPEN and AREA.CLOSE are not required.
AREA.Select Select a message area for PRINT and ENTER
AREA.view Display in/out area
LOG.toAREA Log commands by writing them to an AREA window
OS.Area Call host operating system with output in a TRACE32 AREA window
PRinTer.Area Re-route printer output to AREA window in specified format

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 72

Window Tracking

Windows may be coupled by a global reference indicator, generated either by the mouse position within a
window or by the result of a search or goto operation. The global reference indicator can be one of the
following:

• The line number for text windows, see example 1.

• The address, see example 2.

• Or the absolute time, see example 3.

• Trace record numbers.

Window tracking is possible between different types of windows, like source text, analyzer listings or timing
diagrams. Every window which is set to track mode by the option /Track will follow the global reference
indicator.

Some windows are temporarily set to tracking when search functions are executed (e.g. the analyzer list
window during a find operation).

Example 1 - Tracking in two text windows using the mouse: The cursor position of the mouse pointer [A]
can be tracked in the other window [B], provided path and file name are identical in both windows.

B Tracking pointer

Example 2 - Tracking by going to an address:

A The Data.GOTO command is used to go to the address of func2b.

B In the List.auto window, the corresponding position is highlighted because of the use of the Track
option.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 73

 Example 3 - Tracking based on absolute time: After recording trace data, the same data is displayed in
three different Trace.* windows. Each Trace.* window is opened with the Track option.

A By clicking inside the Trace.PROfileChart.sYmbol window, a fine blue graticule marks the cursor
position. A tooltip displays more information about the selected position, including the absolute time,
here 5.588s.

B A the same time, a fine blue vertical line highlights the corresponding position in the
Trace.Chart.sYmbol window thanks to the Track option.

C The corresponding record is also highlighted in the Trace.List window, again thanks to the Track
option.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 74

File and Folder Operations

TRACE32 provides standard operating system commands for fast execution of file and folder operations.
The commands are implemented in the TRACE32 software, they don’t execute operating system
commands on the host.

ChDir Change directory

ComPare Compare files
COPY Copy file
DEL Delete file
DIR List subdirectories and files
DUMP Display binary file
EDIT Edit text file in the TRACE32 editor
FIND Find in text or binary file
LS Display directory
MKDIR Create directory
MV Rename file
PACK Compress file (with LZW algorithm)
PATCH Modify binary file
PATH.Set Define search path
PEDIT <file> Open <file> with the PRACTICE script editor
PWD Change directory
REN Rename file
RM Delete file
RMDIR Delete directory
SETUP.EDITEXT Define an external editor
TAR Pack files into an archive without compression
TYPE Display text file
UNARchive Extract files from Linux and Microsoft libraries
UNPACK Expand packed file (with LZW algorithm)
UNZIP Expand GZIP archive file (with DEFLATE algorithm)
ZIP Compress files to GZIP archive (with DEFLATE
algorithm)

For information about wildcard characters and path prefixes supported with the file and folder handling
commands, see “File Names”, page 44 and “Path Prefixes”, page 45.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 75

File Contents

TRACE32 provides a number of commands for writing data from TRACE32 to file and reading data from
files. The following list is a selection of commands:

CLOSE Close file

Data.WRITESTRING Write string from target memory to PRACTICE file
OPEN Open data file
READ Read data from file
Var.EXPORT Export variables in CSV format to file
Var.WRITE Write variables to file
WinPrint Print window
WRITE Write data to file
WRITEB Write binary data to file
APPEND Append data to file

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 76

Encrypt/Execute Encrypted Files

You can encrypt PRACTICE script files (*.cmm) and PER files (*.per) in TRACE32 with user-defined keys.
This encryption is useful if you do not want other people to view your source code in human readable form.

Other users can execute any encrypted file (*.cmm or *.per) in TRACE32, provided the encrypted file is
unlocked with the same key you have defined for this file.

NOTE: With the correct key, an encrypted file can be executed in TRACE32, but the
source code itself remains encrypted.

PRACTICE script files (*.cmm):

ENCRYPTDO Encrypt a PRACTICE script file.

DODECRYPT Execute the encrypted PRACTICE script file.
NOTE: The PRACTICE script source code itself remains
encrypted, i.e. it is not human readable.

PER files (peripheral register definition file, *.per):

ENCRYPTPER Encrypt a PER file.

PER.viewDECRYPT Execute and view the encrypted PER file in a PER
window.
NOTE: The PER file source code itself remains
encrypted, i.e. it is not human readable.

Text and binary files:

ENCRYPT Encrypt a text or binary file.

DECRYPT Decrypt the text or binary file.
The text is displayed in human readable form again.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 77

Host Commands

Operations of the host system may be executed directly on the TRACE32 command line.

OS.screen Execute host command

OS.Area Call host operating system with output in a TRACE32
AREA window
OS.Command Execute host command
OS.Window Call host operating system with output in a TRACE32
window
OS.Hidden Call host operating system without output
OS.OPEN Open any file type in its default application

Example 1: The TRACE32 commands and functions are formatted in bold. The host command is formatted
in regular font.

;list all PRACTICE script files (*.cmm) in the TRACE32 ~~/demo/arm/

;folder and all subfolders

LOCAL &files

&files=OS.FILE.ABSPATH(~~/demo/arm/)+"*.cmm"

OS.Window dir /s &files

Example 2: This script line opens a *.csv file in your favorite spreadsheet application.

OS.OPEN ~~/demo/etc/trace/export.taskevents/temp.csv

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 78

Printer Operations

You can send every window or the complete screen from TRACE32 to:

• The default printer

• The clipboard

• A file

• The default AREA window A000

For each output medium, you can define the format, e.g. font, font size, ASCII, enhanced ASCII, XML, or a
more complex format, like POSTSCRIPT or WORDSTAR. When printing to file, you can specify path and file
name or browse for an existing file.

You have the following options to send information from TRACE32 to a printer or save TRACE32 windows to
file:

• Choose File menu > Window Screenshot to File to capture the TRACE32 main window and all
other TRACE32 windows displayed within the TRACE32 main window [A].

• Click the top left icon in any window to open the window manager menu [B].

A
C
D

- The Print option prints just the visible contents of the active window [C].

- The Print all option prints more than the visible contents of the active window [D].

• Use the TRACE32 command line and PRACTICE scripts (*.cmm); commands for printing and
saving TRACE32 windows to file are listed in the table below.

• Extra commands are provided for saving the code coverage database and the instruction
statistics database to XML files.

PRinTer.select Select printer type and output style

PRinTer.FILE Define file for single printer output and select output
format for file (ASCII, CSC, XML, etc.)
PRinTer.OPEN Open file and re-route multiple printer outputs to this
file
PRinTer.CLOSE Close file after multiple printer outputs

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 79

 PRinTer.EXPORT Export CSV-formatted printer output to file
PRinTer.HardCopy Print all windows on screen
PRinter.SIZE Define layout
PRinter.OFFSET Define left and top border
WinPRT <window_name> Prints just the visible contents of the active window
WinPrint.<command> The WinPrint pre-command prints more than the
visible contents of the active window
ISTATistic.EXPORT Export instruction statistics to an XML file
COVerage.EXPORT Export code coverage information to an XML file

Examples:

; example for print operation

PRinTer.select IBM ; select IBM printer
PRinter.SIZE 80. 65. ; select lines and columns
PRinter.OFFSET 5. 5. ; select border
WinPrint.Data.dump 0x0--0xfff ; print window

; example for copy to file operation

PRinTer.FILE test.lst ; open file for printing
WinPrint.Data.dump 0x0--0xfff ; print Data.dump window to file
PRinTer.select IBM ; switch back to line printer

; example for generating a POSTSCRIPT file

PRinTer.FILE test.ps PSPS12 ; open file for printing and select
; POSTSCRIPT, Portrait,
; Helvetica, 12cpi
WinPrint.Data.dump 0x0--0xfff ; print Data.dump window to file

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 80

System Setup and Configuration

Many system configuration options are set with the SETUP command. For more information refer to the
“PowerView Command Reference” (ide_ref.pdf) and the manual of the devices.

SETUP.ASCIITEXT Configure ASCII text display

SETUP.BAKfile Set backup file mode
SETUP.COLOR Configure colors
SETUP.DEVNAME Set logical device name
SETUP.EDITOR Configure the TRACE32 editors
SETUP.EDITEXT Define an external editor
SETUP.EXTension Set default file name extensions
SETUP.HOLDDIR Configure working directory
SETUP.ICONS Display icons in popup menus
SETUP.QUITDO Define a PRACTICE file that is executed automatically
when you quit a TRACE32 session
SETUP.ReDraw Update whole screen
SETUP.SOUND Set sound generator mode
SETUP.TabSize Configure tab width
SETUP.TIMEFORM Select scientific time format
SETUP.URATE Limit window update rate
SETUP.WARNSTOP Configure PRACTICE stops

ZERO Set time reference

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 81

Logging Commands

You can log the command inputs and the call hierarchy of PRACTICE scripts (*.cmm) with the commands
listed below.

The logging of the command input generates a file which has the structure of a PRACTICE script (*.cmm).
This file can be edited and started with the DO command. The command log includes all commands entered
in the TRACE32 command line and all mouse commands. Every operation on TRACE32 can be referred to
a single-line command. The mouse click to a screen-based button will be stored as a single line command.
Command inputs which lead to a syntax error are not logged.

To generate a command log, the log file must be opened first. Then all executed commands are written to
this file. There is no limitation by an internal buffer size. The file can be viewed in a window, while it is being
filled. By closing the file the logging process is terminated. Only one file may be opened at the same time.
The logging may be interrupted temporarily by an OFF and ON sub-command.

LOG.OPEN Generate command log file and start logging

LOG.CLOSE Terminate logging and close command log file
LOG.type Show contents of the command log file
LOG.ON Resume logging
LOG.OFF Pause logging
LOG.toAREA Log commands by writing them to an AREA window
LOG.DO Log the call hierarchy of PRACTICE scripts (*.cmm)

For more information, see “Logging the Call Hierarchy of

PRACTICE Scripts” (practice_user.pdf).

Example:

LOG.OPEN ; opens file 't32.log'

;... ; commands are logged

LOG.OFF ; switch off log function

;... ; commands are not logged

LOG.ON ; switch on log function

;... ; commands are logged
LOG.CLOSE ; close file and terminate log function

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 82

Dialog Programming

The DIALOG command group and its dialog elements, such as buttons and edit boxes, are used to create
and display custom dialog boxes. They are normally used to increase the flexibility of PRACTICE script files
by providing user selectable actions or requesting information from the user, e.g. actual firmware file name
for the flash process.

NOTE: Examples of dialog definitions reside in the directories:

• ~~/demo/practice/dialogs
and
• ~~/demo/analyzer/trigger

In this section:

• Dialog Syntax and File Types

• Comments in Dialogs

• Dialog Commands - an Overview

• Dialog Elements - an Overview

• Return Values and Labels

• PRACTICE Macros in Dialog Programming

For information about built-in and user-defined icons, see “Built-in Icons and Icon Library”, page 118.

Dialog Syntax and File Types

The syntax of a dialog definition is line oriented. Blanks and empty lines can be inserted to structure and
indent the dialog definition. Single and multi-line programs can be assigned to dialog elements.

Single-line scripts are enclosed in straight quotation marks "..."; multi-line scripts are enclosed in
parentheses (...).

Single-line script Multi-line script

BUTTON "Click Me" "Data.List" BUTTON "Click Me"

(
Data.List
Register.view
)

The opening parenthesis of a multi-line script must immediately follow after a dialog element. If an empty line
is erroneously inserted after a dialog element, the TRACE32 message bar displays the error message
nesting block open missing. This error message is displayed when you try to execute the defective
dialog.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 83

 There are two file types where you can store custom dialogs. The syntax slightly varies depending on the file
type you have chosen:

1. Embedded in PRACTICE script files with the extension *.cmm. The dialog definition is placed in
parentheses after the DIALOG command. See example 1.

2. In extra files with the extension *.dlg. They are called by the DIALOG.view command.
See example 2.

Example 1: The dialog is embedded in a PRACTICE script file with the extension *.cmm:

LOCAL &file ;declare PRACTICE macro

DIALOG.view ;start the dialog definition
(
POS 1. 1. 15.
myLabel: EDIT "" ""
POSX 1. 6.
BUTTON "[:edit]File" "DIALOG.SetFile.SAVE myLabel ~~~\*.cmm"
POSY 1.
DEFBUTTON "OK" "CONTinue"
)
STOP ;wait for the user's response to the dialog
&file=DIALOG.STRing(myLabel) ;get return value of EDIT box by label
DIALOG.END

OPEN #1 &file /Create

WRITE #1 "Begin of file"
CLOSE #1
ENDDO

Example 2: The dialog is in an extra file with the extension *.dlg:

PRACTICE script file (*.cmm) Contents of dialog.dlg

LOCAL &file POS 1. 1. 10.

LAB: EDIT "" ""
DIALOG.view dialog.dlg POS 11. 1. 5.
BUTTON "File"
(
DIALOG.SetFile.SAVE LAB *.cmm
)
POS 1. 3. 5.
STOP DEFBUTTON "OK" "CONTinue"
&file=DIALOG.STRing(LAB)
DIALOG.END

OPEN #1 &file /Create

WRITE #1 "Begin of file"
CLOSE #1
ENDDO

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 84

Comments in Dialogs

Comment lines start with a semicolon and must be placed in separate lines.

Correct comment position Wrong comment position

DIALOG.view DIALOG.view
( (
;your comment ICON ":objects" ;your comment
ICON ":objects" TEXT "Hello World!" ;your comment
;your comment )
TEXT "Hello World!"
)

If a comment is erroneously placed in the same line as a dialog element, the TRACE32 message bar
displays the error message no more arguments expected. This error message is displayed when you
try to execute the defective dialog.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 85

Dialog Commands

Using the DIALOG command group you can (a) control your custom dialogs, (b) control the behavior of an
individual dialog element on a custom dialog, (c) interact with the file system of the operating system (OS),
and (d) display OS message boxes.

Control Your Custom Dialogs

DIALOG.AREA Adds an output AREA to a custom dialog

DIALOG.END Close the dialog window
DIALOG.Program Editor to write a custom dialog.
DIALOG.ReProgram Dialog programming
DIALOG.SELect Programmatically focus on this dialog
DIALOG.view Show dialog window

Control Behavior of Individual Dialog Elements on Custom Dialogs

DIALOG.Disable Disable dialog elements

DIALOG.Enable Enable dialog elements
DIALOG.EXecute Execute a dialog button
DIALOG.Set Set the value of a dialog element

Interact with the File System

DIALOG.DIR Display a folder picker dialog and pass the return value of the
selected folder to your PRACTICE script (*.cmm).
DIALOG.File Open an OS file dialog and pass the name of the selected file to your
PRACTICE script (*.cmm).
DIALOG.SetDIR Browse for folder. The selected folder an be displayed in the EDIT
box of your custom dialog.
DIALOG.SetFile Open an OS file dialog and pass the name of the selected file to a
custom dialog. The selected file can be displayed in the EDIT box of
your custom dialog.

Display Message Boxes of the Operating System

DIALOG.MESSAGE Create dialog box with an information icon (OK button only)
DIALOG.OK Create dialog box with an exclamation mark (OK button only)
DIALOG.YESNO Create dialog box with YES and NO buttons

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 86

Dialog Elements

Dialog elements allow you to place edit boxes, buttons, drop-down lists, etc. on your custom dialogs.
TRACE32 provides the following dialog elements for programming custom dialogs:

BAR Define a progress bar

BOX ["<text>"] Define a decorative border
BUTTON "<text>" [<command>] Define a button
CHECKBOX "<text>" [<command>] Define a check box
<label> CHOOSEBOX "<text>" [<command>] Define a choose box
CLOSE [<command>] Catch window close
COMBOBOX "<list_items>" [<command>] Define a combo box
DEFBUTTON "<text>" [<command>] Define the default button
DEFCOMBOBOX "<list_items>" [<command>] Define a combo box
DEFEDIT "<initial_text>" [<command>] Define an edit control
DEFHOTCOMBOBOX "<list_items>" Define a default hot combo box
[<command>]
DEFHOTEDIT "<initial_text>" [<command>] Define a hot edit control
DEFMEDIT "<initial_text>" [<command>] Define a default multiline edit control
DLISTBOX "<list_items>" [<command>] Define a default list box
DYNAMIC "<initial_text>" Define a dynamic, single-line area
DYNCOMBOBOX "<list_items>" [<command>] Define a dynamic combo box
DYNDEFCOMBOBOX "<list_items>" Define a default dynamic combo box
[<command>]
DYNDEFHOTCOMBOBOX "<list_items>" Define a dynamic default hot combo box
[<command>]
DYNHOTCOMBOBOX "<list_items>" Define a dynamic hot combo box
[<command>]
DYNLTEXT "<initial_text>" Define a dynamic single-line text area in bold and
large font size
DYNPULLDOWN "<list_items>" [<command>] Define a dynamic pull-down list
DYNTEXT "<initial_text>" Define a dynamic, single-line text area in regular
font size
EDIT "<initial_text>" [<command>] Define an edit control
HEADER "<text>" Define window header
HELP <name> Define a help icon
HOTEDIT "<initial_text>" [<command>] Define a hot edit control

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 87

 HOTCOMBOBOX "<list_items>" [<command>] Define a hot combo box
ICON "<built_in_icon_name>" | New icon in top left corner of dialog
"<user_defined_icon>"
INFOTEXT "<msg_text>" [<formatting>] Define a multiline info text box on a dialog
LEDIT "<initial_text>" [<command>] Define an edit control
LINE "<text>" Define a decorative line
LISTBOX "<list_items>" [<command>] Define a list box
LTEXT "<text>" Static, single-line text area in bold and large font
size
MEDIT "<initial_text>" [<command>] Define a multiline edit control
MLISTBOX "<list_items>" [<command>] Define a multiline list box
NAME "<text>" Define an internal dialog name
POS <x> <y> <width> <height> Define position and size
POSX <increment> <width> <height> Define position and size on the x-axis
POSY <increment> <width> <height> Define position and size on the y-axis
PULLDOWN "<list_items>" [<command>] Define a static pull-down list
SPACE Define space
STATIC "<built_in_icon_name>" | Place an icon in a dialog
"<user_defined_icon>"
TEXT "<text>" Define a text item
TEXTBUTTON "<text>" [<command>] Define a flat button with text only
TREEBUTTON "" [<command>] Define a +/- toggle button
UPDATE ["<command_string>"] Executes commands periodically
[<update_interval>]
VLINE "" Define a decorative vertical line

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 88

Return Values and Labels

Dialog elements, such as an EDIT box or a LISTBOX, can have a user-defined label in front of the
command. Labels must start in the first column and are always followed by a colon. Together with the
DIALOG.STRing() or DIALOG.STRing2() function, a label can be used to access the return value of a
dialog element.

&retVal

&retVal=DIALOG.STRing(<label>)

LOCAL &retVal ;declare a PRACTICE macro

DIALOG.view ;start the dialog definition

(
POS 1.5 0.75 30.
myLAB: EDIT "x" ""

POSX 1. 5.
DEFBUTTON "OK" "CONTinue"
)
STOP ;wait for the user's response to the dialog

&retVal=DIALOG.STRing(myLAB) ;get return value by label

DIALOG.END
DIALOG.MESSAGE "The EDIT box contains the address &retVal"

The return values of built-in dialog boxes, e.g. the DIALOG.YESNO message box or the DIALOG.DIR folder
picker dialog, can be accessed with the ENTRY command. Here is an example of a simple “yesno” input:

ENTRY &<practice_macro>

LOCAL &result ;declare a PRACTICE macro

DIALOG.YESNO "Program FLASH Memory ?"

ENTRY &result ;get return value of DIALOG.YESNO

IF !&result
ENDDO
ELSE
(
;your code...
)

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 89

PRACTICE Macros inside Dialog Definitions

Two PRACTICE macros, highlighted in blue, are used in the following dialog definition. For activating
PRACTICE macro expansion inside a DIALOG definition, the following prerequisites have to be fulfilled:

1. “(&” must be used - instead of just “(“

2. “(&” must begin in the first column of the line

ENTRY &flashno &default_flash_firmware_file

LOCAL &file &header_text
&header_text="program dialog for "+FORMAT.Decimal(1,&flashno)
&header_text="&header_text"+". flash"

DIALOG.view
(&
HEADER "&header_text"
POS 1. 1. 30.
LAB: EDIT "&default_flash_firmware_file" ""
POS 31. 1. 5.
BUTTON "File"
(
DIALOG.SetFile LAB *.bin
)
POS 1. 3. 5.
DEFBUTTON "OK" "CONTinue"
)
STOP
&file=DIALOG.STRing(LAB)
PRINT "selected firmware file: &file"
PRINT "for flash:"+FORMAT.Decimal(1,&flashno)
DIALOG.END
ENDDO

See also: “Switching PRACTICE Macro Expansion ON or OFF” (practice_user.pdf)

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 90

HELP System

In this section:

• Ways to Get Help

• Context-Sensitive Help

• Structure of the Help System

• Configure the Help System

• Recommendations for Choosing a PDF Viewer

• Bookmarks for Help Topics

• Troubleshooting the Help System

• Change the Installation Path of the PDF Files

Ways to Get Help

There are several methods to get help information:

• Help menu in the menu bar

• Context-sensitive help

• HELP via the TRACE32 command line

• The following HELP commands are available:

HELP.Bookmark Bookmark PDF files

HELP.checkUPDATE Enable the automatic help update via internet
HELP.command Command related support
HELP.FILTER Filtering all documents with the used hardware and
software
HELP.Find Full-text search across all help documents
HELP.Index Search within indexed terms, commands, functions
HELP.PDF Open PDF file in a PDF viewer
HELP.PICK Context-sensitive help
HELP.PRinT Print PDF files
HELP.Topics Display help content list
HELP.TREE Display command tree

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 91

Context-Sensitive Help

You can call up the HELP window via the help key. On Windows, the help key is F1. The HELP window then
displays information about the current context, with the current context being determined by the cursor
position.

• To get context-sensitive help on a window or dialog, click the window or dialog, and then press
F1.

• To get context-sensitive help for a command, type the command at the TRACE32 command line,
append an empty space, and then press F1.

• To get context-sensitive help on an individual item such as a button, check box, or menu item,
click the context help button on the toolbar (HELP.PICK).

• If an error occurs, a short error help message will be displayed.

Press F1 to access the complete error help message in the error.pdf.
F1

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 92

Structure of the Help System

The TRACE32 help system is divided in two parts:

• The HELP window is used to navigate through the help files and to search for any topic.

• An external PDF viewer displays the selected topics.

New TRACE32 Releases [Software Releases 02/2016 and higher]

Your favorite PDF viewer: It takes only a few mouse-clicks to configure the TRACE32 help system to relay
context-sensitive help calls to your favorite PDF viewer.

TRACE32 Your favorite PDF Viewer

SETUP.PDFViewer

HELP window

For a step-by-step procedure, see “Configure the Help System”, page 94.

Previous TRACE32 Releases

Alternate PDF viewers: TRACE32 relays context-sensitive help calls to a batch file, which then calls the
desired topic in the PDF file. The script is a *.bat file under Windows, or an*.sh file under Linux and MacOS.

TRACE32 Alternate PDF Viewer

HELP window

Acrobat Reader: TRACE32 communicates with the TRACE32 plug-in to jump directly to the desired topic in
the PDF file.

TRACE32 Acrobat Reader

HELP window TRACE32 plug-in

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 93

Configure the Help System
[Recommendations] [Software Releases 02/2016 and higher]

This section describes how to proceed after you have successfully installed the TRACE32 software and the
help system.

Upon completion of the installation:

• Each TRACE32 executable (t32m<architecture>.exe) provides the HELP window.

• The file help.t32, which has to be in the system path (e.g. c:\t32), enables all help functions in
TRACE32, like context-sensitive help and full-text search. When TRACE32 is started, the file
help.t32 is loaded. If not, you receive an error message, saying that the help.t32 file cannot be
loaded.

• The PDF help files are in the subfolder pdf of the TRACE32 system path (e.g. c:\t32\pdf). This
path can be changed in the config file.

Your next step:

• Configure the TRACE32 help system with a few mouse-clicks to display the PDF help files in your
favorite PDF viewer; see step-by-step procedure below.

To configure the TRACE32 help system:

1. Choose Help menu > Setup PDF Viewer, or at the TRACE32 command line, type:
SETUP.PDFViewer

The SETUP.PDFViewer dialog window opens.

2. Do one of the following:

- Click DETect if you want to use your default PDF viewer.

The remaining input boxes are populated with the pre-configured command line parameters for
the selected PDF viewer.

- Click browse if you want to user a PDF viewer other than the default, e.g. a portable PDF
viewer.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 94

 Then click preset to populate the remaining input boxes with the pre-configured command line
parameters for the selected PDF viewer.

3. Click test to verify that the selected PDF viewer can be started from within TRACE32.

4. Click the remaining three test buttons to verify that your selected PDF viewer passes the
following basic tests:

- The PDF viewer opens our test document on page 1.

- The PDF viewer jumps to a named destination on another page in the same test document.

- The PDF viewer prints our test document or opens the Print dialog.

5. If the selected PDF viewer has passed all tests, click Ok.

6. Optional test - online help call via the TRACE32 command line:

- Type the following command at the TRACE32 command line: List.Mix

- Add a space, and then press F1.

Result: TRACE32 help system displays the description of the List.Mix command in your
favorite PDF viewer.

NOTE: You do not need to re-start TRACE32 because your settings take immediate
effect.

Recommendations for Choosing a PDF Viewer

1. You should choose a PDF viewer for use with the TRACE32 help system that provides the
following features:

- Tabbed document view for files opened via the command line.

- Command line argument for passing file names to the PDF viewer (e.g. debugger_arm.pdf).

- Command line argument for passing named destinations to the PDF viewer (e.g. line IDs).

- One and the same PDF viewer instance allows an unlimited number of context-sensitive jumps
to named destinations within one and the same PDF file instance.

- A Back button that allows you to re-trace your navigation steps across PDF documents, and
not just the navigation steps within the same PDF document.

- A PDF viewer that is quick to start.

2. Install the latest version of the PDF viewer, in which you want to display the files of the TRACE32
help system.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 95

Bookmarks for Help Topics

In this section:

• Create Help Bookmarks

• Store and Load Help Bookmarks Manually

• Store and Load Help Bookmarks Automatically

NOTE: Unsaved help bookmarks are only available during the current TRACE32
session.

If you want to re-use your help bookmarks in future sessions, remember to store
your help bookmarks. See “Store and Load Help Bookmarks Automatically”,
page 97.

Create Help Bookmarks

• Right-click any topic in the HELP window, and then select Toggle Bookmark.

- A green rectangle indicates the bookmarked help topic.

- The help bookmark itself is added to the Bookmark tab of the HELP window.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 96

Store and Load Help Bookmarks Manually

Use the steps described below if you want to transfer your bookmarks from one computer to another
computer.

To store help bookmarks:

1. On the Bookmark tab of the HELP window, click Store.

2. Enter a file name, and then click Save.

The bookmarks displayed on the Bookmarks tab are saved as a PRACTICE script (*.cmm).

To load help bookmarks:

1. On the Bookmark tab of the HELP window, click Load.

2. Browse for the PRACTICE script (*.cmm) containing the bookmarks.

3. Click Open to load the help bookmarks into the Bookmark tab.

Store and Load Help Bookmarks Automatically

NOTE: Unsaved help bookmarks are only available during the current TRACE32
session.

1. Close TRACE32.

2. Add the AutoSTOre command to your PRACTICE start-up script (*.cmm):

AutoSTOre , HELP

If the AutoSTOre command is already used in your start-up script, then add just the keyword HELP
as shown in the example below.

AutoSTOre , HISTory HELP

3. Restart TRACE32.

The help bookmarks you create are now automatically stored when you close TRACE32. In addition,
the bookmarks are automatically loaded back into the Bookmark tab of the HELP window when you
start TRACE32 again.

This script line returns the path and file name where TRACE32 auto-stores your help bookmarks:

PRINT VERSION.ENVironment(AUTOSTORE)

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 97

Troubleshooting the Help System
[Software Releases 02/2016 and higher]

Loads only old Online Help

Verify if the file help.t32 is in the TRACE32 system path (by default c:\t32), and if you have rights to read this
file.

Warning: Online help outdated, please upgrade via https://www.lauterbach.com/manual.html

Situation: The TRACE32 message line displays this warning message:

Cause: The TRACE32 help system is at least 2 software releases older than the TRACE32 executable
(t32m<architecture>.exe).

Remedy:

1. Open the VERSION.ENVironment window, and then make a note of the paths shown in the lines
SYS: and HELP:

2. Close TRACE32.

3. Download the zipped help system of the most recent TRACE32 software release from
www.lauterbach.com/manual.html

4. Unzip the downloaded file.

5. Copy the pdf files to the HELP: folder.

6. Copy the help.t32 file to the SYS: folder, i.e. the TRACE32 system directory.

7. Restart TRACE32. The TRACE32 help system is now up to date again.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 98

Change the Installation Path of the PDF Files

The PDF files of the TRACE32 help system are installed to the TRACE32 system path, subfolder pdf. But
sometimes it may be necessary to change this path - for example, if you want different TRACE32
installations to share the same HELP= path.

There are two possibilities to change the installation path for the PDF files:

1. Add it to the configuration file in the OS= part:

OS=
SYS=c:\t32 ; system directory for TRACE32
TMP=c:\tmp ; temporary directory for TRACE32
HELP=c:\t32\pdf ; help directory for TRACE32 (default: c:\t32\pdf)

2. Set the environment variable “T32HELP” to the pdf installation path.

NOTE: The help directory for the PDF files can be a local folder or a network folder, e.g.
g:\trace32-help-files\pdf

The file help.t32 must reside in the system directory. A network folder is not
supported.

Winhelp Compatibility

To provide backward compatibility, the main Winhelp functions will still work.

On unix, additionally the environment variable “HHHOME” has to be set to the directory for hyperhelp (used
for displaying the online manual).

Winhelp Files:

man.t32 Online manual (error messages)

man.* Online manual (WINDOWS help)
manhh.* Online manual (UNIX hyperhelp)

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 99

Previous Releases - HELP System

Previous Releases - HELP Installation and Setup

[up to Software Release 09/2015]

The installation of the help system is normally done by the software installation program, but here the
complete online help installation is described if any problem occurred:

1. The HELP window is included in the TRACE32 executable (t32*.exe).

2. TRACE32 help loads the file help.t32, which has to be in the system path, e.g. C:\T32\
Only this file enables all help functions in TRACE32, like context-sensitive help and full-text
search.

3. Acrobat Reader should be installed on the computer, and to use the TRACE32 plug-in, the
version has to be 4.0 or higher.

4. Acrobat loads the TRACE32 plug-in (trace32.api) which has to be in the “plug_ins” directory. If
the plug-in is loaded correctly, you can find the menu entry About TRACE32 in the Help menu.

5. The PDF help files are in the TRACE32 system path in the subfolder “pdf”, e.g. “C:\T32\pdf”. This
path can be changed in the config file.

6. On Unix you have to do manually:

The environment variable “ACROBAT_PATH” has to be set to the path where acroread is installed,
Use the setenv command or add it to your .profile - file.

>setenv ACROBAT_PATH=/opt/Acrobat5

Copy the TRACE32 plug-in to the Acrobat plug_ins folder

>cp cdrom/bin/suns/trace32.api
/opt/Acrobat5/Reader/sparcsol/plug_ins/

Previous Releases - Configuring an Alternate PDF Viewer

[only Software Releases 09/2014, 02/2015, and 09/2015]

By default, the help system of TRACE32 uses Adobe Reader as PDF viewer. But, as of the release in
November 2014, the help system of TRACE32 supports any PDF viewer that can handle file names and
named destinations.

Please consult the help of the PDF viewer you want to use about how to pass file name and named
destination as command line arguments to that PDF viewer; for some examples, see below.

The following step-by-step procedure assumes that you have installed TRACE32 in the default system
directory c:\t32 on Windows, or $HOME/t32 on Linux.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 100

 To configure an alternate PDF viewer for the help system of TRACE32:

1. Close TRACE32.

2. Create an OS environment variable called T32PDFVIEWER

3. Assign the following value to the variable:

- For Windows users: c:\t32\_pdfviewer.bat

The resulting entry in the Windows Environment Variables dialog looks as follows:

- For Linux and Mac users: $HOME/t32/_pdfviewer.sh

The resulting entry in the Linux $HOME/.profile file looks as follows:

export T32PDFVIEWER=$HOME/t32/_pdfviewer.sh

4. To make the new OS environment variable and its value available to TRACE32, log out of your
Windows or Linux session, and then log in again.

5. In the TRACE32 system directory, create the file _pdfviewer.bat or _pdfviewer.sh

6. For Linux users: Make sure that you have execute permission for the script file, e.g.
chmod +x _pdfviewer.sh

7. Enter a script which calls the PDF viewer you want to use and passes file names and named
destinations as arguments from TRACE32 to your PDF viewer:

- Examples for Windows users

- Example for Linux users

8. Start TRACE32.

9. To test the alternate online help call, type the following command at the TRACE32 command line:
List.Mix

10. Add a space, and then press F1. Result: TRACE32 help system displays the description of the
List.Mix command in your favorite PDF viewer.

Previous Releases - Examples for Windows and Linux Users

[only Software Releases 09/2014, 02/2015, and 09/2015]

The argument %1 or ${1} in the script examples below takes the pdf file names, the argument %3 or ${3}
takes the named destinations within a pdf file.

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 101

 Examples for Windows Users

PDF-XChange Viewer:

@echo off
set reader="C:\Program Files\Tracker Software\PDF Viewer\PDFXCview.exe"
start "Launch PDF" %reader% /A nameddest=%3 %1

SumatraPDF:

@echo off
start "Launch PDF" "C:\T32\bin\SumatraPDF.exe" ^
%1 ^
-nameddest %3 ^
-reuse-instance

The caret sign ^ serves as a line continuation character in Windows batch files (*.bat). White space
characters after ^ are NOT permissible.

Foxit Reader:

@echo off
set reader="C:\Program Files (x86)\Foxit Software\Foxit Reader\Foxit
Reader.exe"
start "Launch PDF" %reader% /A "nameddest=%3" %1

Adobe Acrobat X Pro:

@echo off
start acrobat.exe /n /A "nameddest=%3" %1

Example for Linux Users

evince (as of version 3.x; earlier versions do not support the -n option):

#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/evince ${1} -n ${3} &

evince or xpdf or Firefox: This Linux shell script displays the pdf of the TRACE32 help system in the first
available pdf viewer:

#!/bin/bash
evince "${1}" -n ${3} || \
xpdf -remote t32xpdf -raise "${1}" +${3} || \
firefox file:///${1}#nameddest=${3} &

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 The backslash \ serves as a line continuation character in Linux shell scripts (*.sh).

©1989-2022 Lauterbach PowerView User’s Guide | 103

Previous Releases - HELP Installation Problems
[up to Software Release 09/2015]

Some common installation problems are described here.

Loads only old Online Help

Verify if help.t32 is in TRACE32 system path (by default c:\t32), and if you have rights to read this file.

Alternate Call for Adobe Reader [only Software Releases 09/2014, 02/2015, and 09/2015]

By default, the trace32.api file relays the call for a particular help topic from TRACE32 to Adobe Reader.
However, if you encounter problems after updating your Adobe Reader version, you can bypass the
trace32.api file with the code shown below. For a step-by-step procedure, see “Previous Releases -
Configuring an Alternate PDF Viewer”, page 100.

Adobe Reader:

@echo off
start acrord32.exe /n /A "nameddest=%3" "%1"

Acrobat does not start automatic

Reinstall Acrobat Reader, verify if everybody can write to Acrobat subfolder “plug_ins” – if not, copy
“trace32.api” manually to this folder

Acrobat opens File, but does not jump to the right Chapter

Verify if there is a Acrobat menu entry “Help->About plug-ins->About Trace 32” – if not copy “trace32.api” to
Acrobat subfolder “plug_ins”

Warning “Communication with Acrobat Reader failed” always when using the Help

Copy “trace32.api” to Acrobat subfolder “plug_ins”

Warning “Communication with Acrobat Reader failed” only at first Acrobat Startup

Acrobat starts too slow.

Good trick to improve Acrobat startup time is to delete never needed plug_ins:

rename folder “plug_ins” to “plug_ins_bak”

then create empty “plug_ins” folder and copy there only “trace32.api” and other really needed plug_ins

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 Warning “Please install Acrobat Reader to see pdf help files!”

This message is displayed if the Acrobat installation could not be found on windows systems. Download the
Acrobat Reader software from www.adobe.com and install it.

If you installed Acrobat already and this message is displayed anyway, check if one of the following registry
entries exist (execute regedit.exe):

• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE: SOFTWARE\\ Microsoft\\ Windows\\ CurrentVersion\\ App Paths\\

Acrobat.exe

• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE: SOFTWARE\\ Microsoft\\ Windows\\ CurrentVersion\\ App Paths\\

AcroRd32.exe

If none of these keys exist, remove your current installation and install it again. You can also start Acrobat
manually before using the online help and ignore the error message.

If you have the rights and if you are skilled to change registry entries, you can add it manually. But you have
to be sure what you are doing - changing registry entries can affect the whole behavior of the Windows
system!

Add the key “AcroRd32.exe” as shown below, change the Acrobat installation where it is installed on your
system.

Warning “Error occurred while trying to start Acrobat Reader!”

Check the registry entries as described above - check if the (Standard) entry is really the correct installation
path

Warning “Acrobat Reader could not be started” (Unix only)

Check if environment variable “ACROBAT_PATH” is set correctly to the Acrobat installation path.

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InterCom

The InterCom system allows the exchange of data between different TRACE32 systems. The exchange is
based on UDP. The destination system is defined by a port number of a UDP port used by this TRACE32
system. This requires an entry in the 'config.t32' file of any participating TRACE32 system:

IC=NETASSIST
PORT=20001
NAME=firstInstance

...

NOTE: If multiple TRACE32 systems are used on one host, the port numbers must differ!

A good way to familiarize yourself with the InterCom command group is to start with the example below.

InterCom.Evaluate Evaluates InterCom

InterCom.execute Remote execute command line
InterCom.PING Test the InterCom system
InterCom.PipeCLOSE Close named pipe
InterCom.PipeOPEN Open named pipe
InterCom.PipeREAD Read from named pipe
InterCom.PipeWRITE Write to named pipe
TargetSystem.state Show overview of multicore system
TargetSystem.NewInstance Start new TRACE32 PowerView instance

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 Example: The TRACE32 PowerView instance named firstInst starts another instance named
secondInst for the purpose of debugging two cores of an AMP system.

;shut down previous debug session

InterCom.execute ALL WinCLEAR
InterCom.execute ALL SYStem.Down

;assign the user-defined InterCom name 'firstInst' to the instance

;executing this PRACTICE script
InterCom.ENable firstInst

;select the 1st CortexA9MPCore core of OMAP4430 for this instance

SYStem.CPU OMAP4430
CORE.ASSIGN 1.
SYStem.CONFIG.CORE 1. 1.

;open a 2nd TRACE32 PowerView instance and assign the user-defined

;InterCom name 'secondInst'
TargetSystem.NewInstance secondInst /ONCE

;select the 2nd CortexA9MPCore core of OMAP4430 for the 2nd instance
InterCom.execute secondInst SYStem.CPU OMAP4430
InterCom.execute secondInst CORE.ASSIGN 2.
InterCom.execute secondInst SYStem.CONFIG.CORE 2. 1.

;display a status overview of the AMP system

TargetSystem.state DEFault /Global /UseICName

;connect to the AMP system

SYStem.Up
InterCom.execute OTHERS SYStem.Up

;<your_code> ... e.g. load your application program with

;InterCom.execute <instance_name> Data.LOAD...

InterCom.execute ALL Go

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Version Management and Licensing

The VERSION.view window provides information about the TRACE32 software version and licenses as well
as TRACE32 hardware and environment information.

1. To open the VERSION.view window, choose Help menu > About TRACE32.

2. For details, click the more buttons.

For more information on finding serial numbers, see “Serial Numbers” in Software Updates, page 12
(updates.pdf).

The following commands are described in the “PowerView Command Reference” (ide_ref.pdf).

VERSION.HARDWARE Displays the version of the used debug hardware

VERSION.SOFTWARE Displays detailed information about the used TRACE32
software
VERSION.view Displays window with version info
LICENSE.state Displays the currently used maintenance contract
LICENSE.List Displays all license information
LICENSE.UPDATE Updates the maintenance contract inside a debug cable

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Text Editors

This chapter describes how TRACE32 PowerView supports editing text files.

Built-in Editors

TRACE32 PowerView includes two built-in editor types.

1. OS-Native Editor: This editor has a limited feature set as provided by the GUI framework.

2. PowerView Editor: Advanced editor with syntax highlighting and context specific features.

The editor type can be selected using SETUP.EDITOR.TYPE.

OS-Native Editor

The features of this editor are limited to the features provided by the GUI framework / OS API that provides
the edit control. There are no configurable options for highlighting, indentation etc. The are keyboard
shortcuts available as provided by the GUI framework (Windows API, Qt, MOTIF).

PowerView Editor

This editor has a variety of features that are available on all supported host operating systems:

• Syntax Highlighting for all TRACE32 programming languages

• Nesting-aware editing

• Highlighting of matching block, braces, current cursor line, keywords and matching selection

• Configurable visible whitespace and ASCII view

• Automatic indentation during input

• Individual settings for tab size, indentation size and type for several file types (PRACTICE, C,
Python, ASM Text and TRACE32 trigger languages.

• Context sensitive context menus (e.g. Help for command / function, Goto label)

• Input suggestions and automatic input completion, see also SETUP.EDITOR.AutoSuggest

• Automatic script formatting and command expansion, see EDIT.FORMAT.

For a detailed description of available configuration options see the SETUP.EDITOR command group.

Context Sensitive Context Menu

Below is an overview of the context sensitive context menu features The context menu is opened by right-
click on the item of interest.

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 Context menu of command or PRACTICE function leads to link info TRACE32 Help:

Open destination text file addresses in a command in new edit window:

Jump to labels of e.g. subroutines:

Keyboard Shortcuts

Below is a list of keyboard shortcuts supported by the PowerView editor:

CTRL+SPACE Open Auto Completion box. See also SETUP.EDITOR.AutoSuggest.

CTRL+A Select all text

CTRL+C Copy selected text to clipboard

CTRL+D Comment line or selection (D = Disable)

CTRL+E Uncomment line or selection (E = Enable)

CTRL+F Open Find dialog

CTRL+G Open Goto Line dialog

CTRL+H Open Replace dialog

CTRL+S Save document

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 CTRL+V Paste from clipboard

CTRL+X Cut (copy to clipboard and delete)

CTRL+Y Redo

CTRL+Z Undo

CTRL+ Navigate cursor word-wise

<cursor key>

SHIFT+ Select text

<cursor key>

CTRL+SHIFT Select text word-wise

+<cursor
key>

CTRL+ Delete text word-wise

BACKSPACE

Automatic Formatting

Automatic formatting is available for PRACTICE (PEDIT), Menu (MENU.Program) and Peripheral View
(PER.Program) and re-indents the selected file or block.

Automatic formatting is available from context menu and also from command line with additional features
like bringing all commands into the correct camel cased form. See EDIT.FORMAT for more information.
Unformatted block: Formatted block:

Special Purpose Editor Windows

TRACE32 includes editor windows that are specific for a certain programming language:

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 The special purpose editor windows allow easy access to commands that are specific to the respective
editor and file type. For examples of editor-specific buttons, see [B] and [C].
The general-
purpose editor
A

Editor for menu

programming
B (special-purpose
A editor)

C
Editor for
PRACTICE scripts
(special-purpose
A B
editor)

In addition to, or as an alternative to the TRACE32 editors, you can configure an external editor for use in
TRACE32 using the SETUP.EDITEXT command. For more information about the use of external editors in
TRACE32, see “External Editors”, page 114.

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 Overview of the Various TRACE32 Editors

General-purpose editor:

EDIT Primarily used to create and edit text files, e.g. *.txt, *.log,
*.dat, etc.

Special-purpose editors:

PEDIT [<file>] Editor for PRACTICE scripts (*.cmm).

PER.Program [<file>] Editor for programming the peripheral description files
(*.per).
MENU.Program [<file>] Editor for creating your own menus or customizing the
TRACE32 menus (*.men).
DIALOG.Program [<file>] Editor for creating your own dialogs (*.dlg).
BITMAPEDIT [<file>] BItmap editor for drawing user-defined icons. They can
be embedded in these TRACE32 file types: *.cmm,
*.men, or *.dlg.
Data.PROGRAM [<address>] [<file>] Editor for writing an assembler program (*.asm).

If your TRACE32 tool provides a trigger language for your processor architecture or timing analyzers, a
trigger programming editor is provided:

Break.Program [<file>] Editor for on-chip breakpoint programs (*.ctl).

Integrator.Program [<file>] Editor for Integrator trigger programs (*.tap).
Probe.Program [<file>] Editor for PowerProbe trigger programs (*.tap).

Examples

EDIT config.t32 ; edit one file

EDIT *.c ; the asterisk opens a file selection

; dialog, where you can browse for the
; file you want to edit

EDIT test.txt ; open file and edit

EDIT test.txt ; access the same file through a second
; EDIT window

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Edit Menu

Below is an overview of the Edit menu tools displayed in the menu bar.

• Undo: same action as pressing key Ctrl+z or command EDIT.UNDO.

• Cut: same action as pressing key Ctrl+x.

Removes current selected content from text and transfer into clipboard.

• Copy: same action as pressing key Ctrl+c.

Transfers current selected text into clipboard.

• Paste: same action as pressing key Ctrl+v.

Inserts content of clipboard at current cursor position.

• Delete: same action as pressing key Del.

Removes character right of current cursor position or delete selected text.

• Enable: changes current line to a comment line (prefix with //).

• Disable: removes comment from current line (remove prefix //).

External Editors

In addition to, or as an alternative to the built-in TRACE32 editors, you can configure an external editor for
use in TRACE32. This allows you to take advantage of the combined features of both (a) the respective built-
in TRACE32 editor you have selected and (b) the external editor - while you are working on the same file at
the same time in both editors.

Syntax highlighting files for external editors reside under ~~/demo/practice/syntaxhighlighting and are
available for the following external editors:

• TextPad

• UltraEdit

• Kate

• Notepad++

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 The syntax highlighting files for external editors cover the following TRACE32 file types:

• PRACTICE script files (*.cmm)

• Menu files (*.men)

• Dialog files (*.dlg)

• OCTL files (*.octl)

Configuring an External Editor

Before configuring an external editor for use in TRACE32, you should consult the online help of your favorite
external editor for information about (a) syntax highlighting files or syntax definition files and (b) command
line parameters for file name and line number.

Background information is also provided in the headers of the syntax files and in the readme.txt residing
under ~~/demo/practice/syntaxhighlighting

To configure an external editor for TRACE32:

1. In your TRACE32 system directory, navigate to ~~/demo/practice/syntaxhighlighting/<editor>.

2. Copy the required syntax highlighting file, and paste it into the folder where your external editor
expects syntax highlighting files.

The remaining steps for registering a syntax highlighting file depend on the external editor.

In TextPad, for example, you need to create a new document class and assign the TRACE32 file
types *.cmm, *.men, and *.dlg to this new document class.

3. Look up the examples and description of the following TRACE32 command. They tell you how to
replace the TRACE32 editor call with an external editor call.

SETUP.EDITEXT Define an external editor

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Working with TRACE32 and the External Editor

The interaction between a TRACE32 editor and an external editor allows you to take advantage of the
combined features of both editors. For example, after saving your PRACTICE script in the external editor,
you can immediately execute and/or debug your script in TRACE32.

Prerequisite:

• You have configured an external editor for use in TRACE32. If not, then the EDIT command will
continue to open the TRACE32 EDIT window instead of your external editor.

To work with TRACE32 and the external editor in parallel:

1. Run the PSTEP and EDIT commands for the same PRACTICE script file. For example:

PSTEP c:\temp\demo.cmm ;open file in the PSTEP window

EDIT c:\temp\demo.cmm ;open same file in the external editor

2. In the external editor, type your PRACTICE script. Let’s use this very simple demo script:

AREA.view ;display the default AREA window

AREA.RESet ;reset the AREA window

RePeaT 10. ;repeat the PRINT command

PRINT "Hello TRACE32!"

ENDDO

3. In TRACE32, right-click the window caption of the PSTEP window, and then press Enter.

- The saved PRACTICE script file is loaded into the PSTEP window.

- You are now ready to step through your script line by line (STEP button), execute it (Continue
button), set PRACTICE breakpoints (see PBREAK).

NOTE: If your script starts with a WinCLEAR command, you can prevent the PSTEP
window from being erased by opening it with the WinResist pre-command.

In our example: WinResist.PSTEP c:\temp\demo.cmm

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Icons

TRACE32 allows you to customize the user interface and add icons to your customized user interface. This
chapter informs you about the supported icon types, tells you where you can add icons, and describes step-
by-step how you can create your own icons.

TRACE32 supports two icon types:

• Built-in icons

• User-defined icons

Both icon types can be added to the following dialog, menu, and toolbar elements:

BUTTON Define a button

DEFBUTTON Define the default button
DYNAMIC Define a dynamic, single-line area
ICON Define an icon for the top left corner of a dialog
MENUITEM Define an item in a menu, popup menu or a local button
STATIC Define a non-dynamic area in a dialog
TOOLITEM Define a button in the toolbar

Icon-capable elements can be used in the following TRACE32 file types:

• PRACTICE script files (*.cmm)

• Menu files (*.men)

• Dialog files (*.dlg)

Which Icon Type Do You Need for Your Project?

You can choose built-in icons from the icon library. For more information, see “Built-in Icons and Icon
Library”, page 118.

You can create your own, user-defined icons with the TRACE32 bitmap editor. For step-by-step instructions,
see “Inserting a Placeholder for User-Defined Icons”, page 119.

BITMAPEDIT <file> Open the bitmap editor

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Built-in Icons and Icon Library

TRACE32 provides a number of built-in icons. You can easily include these built-in icons in icon-capable
dialog, menu, and toolbar elements. Using the TRACE32 icon library, you can:

• Get an overview of all available icons

• Get the built-in name of each icon

To display the TRACE32 icon library:

1. Choose Misc menu > Tools > Display internal icon library.

DO "~~/demo/menu/internal_icons.cmm"

2. Click any icon.

The built-in icon name is displayed in the Icon name field.

3. Observe this syntax for built-in icons: "[:<built_in_icon_name>]<your_text>"

DIALOG.view
(; Assigns the icon to BUTTON
BUTTON "[:var]Any text" "Var.View"
)
STOP
DIALOG.END

To try this script, simply copy it to a test.cmm file, and then run it in TRACE32 (See “How to...”).

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Inserting a Placeholder for User-Defined Icons

Icon-capable dialog, menu, and toolbar elements require an icon placeholder in the form of two square
brackets [].

To insert an icon placeholder for a user-defined icon:

1. In TRACE32, open the file where you want to add an icon, e.g.:

PEDIT ~~/demo/practice/dialogs/dialog_edit.cmm ;PRACTICE script file

;or
MENU.Program ~~/demo/menu/demo.men ;menu file
;or
DIALOG.Program <your_file>.dlg ;dialog file

2. Observe this syntax for the icon placeholder: "[]<your_text>"

Examples:

;DIALOG element (*.dlg or *.cmm file)

BUTTON "Cancel" "GOTO cancel"
BUTTON "[]Cancel" "GOTO cancel"

;MENU element (*.men file)

MENUITEM "Edit .c File..." "EDIT *.c"
MENUITEM "[]Edit .c File..." "EDIT *.c"

3. Click Save.

Next: “Drawing Icons”, page 120.

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Drawing Icons

After inserting the icon placeholders (see previous section), you can open the file in the BITMAPEDIT
window and draw an icon on the canvas.

A A

B
E
A

A Opens the Preview Icon window.

B Bitmap format (For more information, see the BITMAPEDIT command.)

C Assign a color to a mouse button by clicking a color in the palette with that mouse button.

D The source code of an icon is inserted between the corresponding icon placeholder [] while you are
drawing the icon.

E Up and down arrow buttons let you navigate from one icon or icon placeholder to the next.

To draw an icon:

1. Open your file in two TRACE32 editor windows.

- The first editor window contains the source code of your project.

- The second editor window, i.e. the BITMATEDIT window, provides the icon drawing tools.

Example:

PEDIT ~~/demo/practice/dialogs/dialog_edit.cmm ;1. editor

BITMAPEDIT ~~/demo/practice/dialogs/dialog_edit.cmm ;2. editor
;or
MENU.Program ~~/demo/menu/demo.men ;1. editor
BITMAPEDIT ~~/demo/menu/demo.men ;2. editor
;or
DIALOG.Program <file>.dlg ;1. editor
BITMAPEDIT <file>.dlg ;2. editor

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 The same file should now be open in two TRACE32 editor windows.

2. In the BITMAPEDIT window, under Bitmap, click the up and down arrow to navigate to the icon
placeholder you want [E].

3. From the color palette, choose the colors you want, and draw an icon.

4. When done, click Save.

5. Click in the window of the first editor: the PEDIT window or the MENU.Program window or the
DIALOG.Program window. You are prompted to reload the file.

6. Click Yes to reload.

You are now ready to execute the file to view the finished icon.

• In the PEDIT window, click DO.

• In the MENU.Program window, click Compile.

• In the DIALOG.Program window, click Comp+Show.

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Interface

For more information about the configuration of the interface, see “TRACE32 Installation Guide”
(installation.pdf). Commands are described in the “PowerView Command Reference” (ide_ref.pdf).

IFCONFIG.state Interface configuration

IFCONFIG.TEST Test interface function and speed
IFCONFIG.PROfile Display operation profiles

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Shortcuts

ALT+ Spacebar

Opens the window manager menu of the active window.

• Available for the TRACE32 window modes FDI and MTI.

• If the TRACE32 window mode is MDI, then the ALT+spacebar shortcut works only for windows
preceded by the WinExt pre-command, e.g. WinExt.Register.view or WinExt.List

Alt+F4

• Closes the TRACE32 main window if no WinExt.<window> is selected.

• Closes the active WinExt.<window>. See also esc key.

Ctrl+A

Select all in the TRACE32 editors.

Ctrl+C

Copy in the TRACE32 editors.

Ctrl+F

• Opens the Find dialog window. TRACE32 searches in the active window.

• Find operation in the TRACE32 editors.

Ctrl+G

Go to <line> in the TRACE32 editors.

Ctrl+Left

Move to previous word in the TRACE32 editors.

Ctrl+H

Find-and-replace operation in the TRACE32 editors.

Ctrl+F4

Closes the active window (i.e. windows without the WinExt. pre-command).
See also esc key.

Ctrl+F6

Selects the next window (i.e. windows without the WinExt. pre-command).

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 Ctrl+Right

Move to next word in the TRACE32 editors.

Ctrl+S

Save a file in the TRACE32 editors.

Ctrl+V

Paste in the TRACE32 editors.

Ctrl+X

Cut in the TRACE32 editors.

Ctrl+Y

Redo in the TRACE32 editors.

Ctrl+Z

Undo in the TRACE32 editors.

Ctrl+D and Ctrl+E

Ctrl+D disables the selected breakpoint.

Ctrl+E enables the selected breakpoint.

esc

Closes the active window - regardless of whether the active window is preceded by the WinExt. pre-
command or not.

F1

• To get context-sensitive help on a window or dialog, click the window or dialog, and then press
F1.

• To get context-sensitive help for a command, type the command at the command line, append an
empty space, and then press F1.

F2 Single step

F3 Step over function call or subroutines

F4 Step Diverge Path: Leave loops, go till something new happens.

F5 Go return / Go to the last instruction

F6 Go up / return to the caller function

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 F7 Go / Start real-time execution

F8 Break / Stop real-time execution

F9 Toggle between the debug modes HLL and MIX

Up and down Go up / down in the command line history.

arrow keys

Shift+Tab

Navigate back through the softkeys of a command group:

1. At the command line, type for example: Data.LOAD.

2. Press Shift+Tab to navigate back through the softkeys.

(Alternatively, click .)

Tab and Tab Completion for Commands

(A) Navigate forward through the softkeys of a command group:

1. At the command line, type for example: Data.

2. Press Tab repeatedly to navigate forward through the softkeys.

(Alternatively, click .)

(B) Access the list of PRACTICE functions:

1. At the command line, type: PRINT or Data.Print

2. Type the first few letters of the PRACTICE function you want, e.g. ad

3. Press Tab repeatedly to cycle through the list of matching PRACTICE functions.

(C) Cycle through the list of symbols:

1. At the command line, type for example: List.Mix

2. Press Tab repeatedly to cycle through the list of recently used symbols.

- Type the first few letters of the symbol you want.

- Press Tab repeatedly to cycle through the list of matching symbols.

(D) Complete a command:

• At the command line, type for example symb and then press Tab.
TRACE32 completes symb to the command sYmbol

(E) Display suggestions for completing a command:

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 1. At the command line, type for example tr and then press Tab.
TRACE32 suggests TrBus | TrOnchip | Trace | TRANSlation

2. Press Tab repeatedly to cycle through the list of matching commands.

Pause / Break

Moves the insertion point from any TRACE32 window back to the TRACE32 command line.

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Appendix - About the TRACE32 Software Version Numbers

The version number consists of the following building blocks:

Format: <type>.<year>.<month>.<build_number>

<type>: R|P|N|S|F

<type> • R: release build

• P: pre-release build
• N: nightly build
• S: interim build (“snapshot”)
• F: feature build

<year> • Year of the software version. This is the year in which a release or
pre-release was branched from the development trunk.
• Four-digit representation of a year (Return value example: 2018).

<month> • Month of the software version. This is the month in which a release
or pre-release was branched from the development trunk.
• Two-digit representation of a month with leading zeros (Return val-
ues: 01 … 12).

<build_number> Build number.

Examples of Version Numbers:

R.2018.09.000103893 ;release build

S.2018.12.000104075 ;interim build

Information about the version number is displayed in the following windows:

VERSION.SOFTWARE Displays software version information.

VERSION.view Displays software, license, hardware, and environment information.

Information about the version number can be returned with the following functions:

VERSION.SOFTWARE() Returns the entire version number string.

VERSION.BUILD() Returns the upper build number from the release branch.
VERSION.BUILD.BASE() Returns the lower build number from the release branch.
VERSION.DATE() Returns the software version date, e.g. 2018/09

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