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    Valvular Heart Disease

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    astaman
    Valvular heart disease was first described in the 17th and 18th centuries, with key figures like Laennec attributing heart murmurs to actual valvular disease or cardiac chamber spasms. In the 19th century, physicians like Hope and Corvisart provided more detailed classifications of valvular murmurs and insights into the natural history of conditions like aortic stenosis. The role of rheumatic fever in causing valvular deformities was established in the 19th century by figures like Bouillaud, with its link to throat infections and the streptococcus being clarified over time. While rheumatic heart disease decreased in the Western world due to antibiotics, it remains a major global public health problem.

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    Valvular Heart Disease

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    astaman
    55 views1 page
    Valvular heart disease was first described in the 17th and 18th centuries, with key figures like Laennec attributing heart murmurs to actual valvular disease or cardiac chamber spasms. In the 19th century, physicians like Hope and Corvisart provided more detailed classifications of valvular murmurs and insights into the natural history of conditions like aortic stenosis. The role of rheumatic fever in causing valvular deformities was established in the 19th century by figures like Bouillaud, with its link to throat infections and the streptococcus being clarified over time. While rheumatic heart disease decreased in the Western world due to antibiotics, it remains a major global public health problem.

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    VALVULAR HEART DISEASE

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    Valvular heart disease was first described in the 17th and 18th centuries, with key figures like Laennec attributing heart murmurs to actual valvular disease or cardiac chamber spasms. In the 19th century, physicians like Hope and Corvisart provided more detailed classifications of valvular murmurs and insights into the natural history of conditions like aortic stenosis. The role of rheumatic fever in causing valvular deformities was established in the 19th century by figures like Bouillaud, with its link to throat infections and the streptococcus being clarified over time. While rheumatic heart disease decreased in the Western world due to antibiotics, it remains a major global public health problem.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    55 views1 page

    Valvular Heart Disease

    Uploaded by

    astaman
    Valvular heart disease was first described in the 17th and 18th centuries, with key figures like Laennec attributing heart murmurs to actual valvular disease or cardiac chamber spasms. In the 19th century, physicians like Hope and Corvisart provided more detailed classifications of valvular murmurs and insights into the natural history of conditions like aortic stenosis. The role of rheumatic fever in causing valvular deformities was established in the 19th century by figures like Bouillaud, with its link to throat infections and the streptococcus being clarified over time. While rheumatic heart disease decreased in the Western world due to antibiotics, it remains a major global public health problem.

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    VALVULAR HEART DISEASE

    Valvular pathology was described in the 17th and 18th centuries; how- ever, Laennec was the first to describe audible heart
    murmurs, calling them “blowing, sawing, filing, and rasping.”29 Originally, he attributed the noise to actual valvular disease, but
    he later decided that they were caused by spasm or contraction of a cardiac chamber. James Hope in England was the first to
    classify valvular murmurs in A Treatise on the Diseases of the Heart and Great Vessels (1832).84 He interpreted physical findings
    in early physiologic terms and provided detailed pathologic cor- relations. 85 Constriction of the mitral valve was recorded by John
    Mayow

    (1668) and Raymond Vieussens (1715); the latter also recognized that it could cause pulmonary congestion. 86 The presystolic
    murmur of mitral stenosis was described by Bertin (1824), timed as both early diastolic and presystolic by Williams (1835), and
    placed on firmer grounds by Fauvel (1843) and Gairdner (1861). Aortic stenosis was first described patho- logically by Rivière
    (1663), and Laennec pointed out that the aortic valve was subject to ossification (1819). 87 Corvisart showed an astute grasp of the
    natural history of aortic stenosis (1809) commenting:

    When it is considered how narrow the opening is, which these constrictions leave, it is difficult to conceive how such an organic
    derangement can continue for years. It is evident, if such an obstacle to the circulation were suddenly introduced into a healthy
    subject, death would immediately follow; but as these obstacles are slowly formed, the circulation is gradually impeded, and
    nature seems in some measure to be habituated to such a perversion of her laws.

    Early descriptions of aortic regurgitation were by William Cowper (1706) and Raymond Vieussens (1715), 88 whereas Giovanni
    Morgagni recognized the hemodynamic consequences of aortic regurgitation (1761). In 1832, Corrigan provided his classic
    description of the arte- rial pulse and murmur of aortic regurgitation. Flint added that the presystolic murmur was sometimes
    heard with severe aortic regurgita- tion (1862). 30 The etiology of valvular disease in the 19th and first half of the 20th century
    revolved about the role of rheumatic fever. David Pitcairn was the first to suggest rheumatism of the heart (1788), and William
    Charles Wells described acute rheumatic fever with cardiac involvement in 1812. 24,89 Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud established that
    acute articular rheumatism was associated with inflammation leading to val- vular deformities (1836). 22 Acceptance of the
    association between rheu- matism—rheumatic fever—and subsequent valvular heart disease was gradually accepted. By the late
    1800s, treatment of rheumatic episodes with salicylic acid had been introduced. Over time, the link between the throat, heart, and
    rheumatic fever was clarified; the role of the Streptococcus was identified; and attention was paid to environmental factors—
    poverty, overcrowding, and malnutrition. Diagnostic criteria for acute rheumatic fever were established by T. Duckett Jones in
    1944 with revisions through 1992. Antibiotic therapy has contributed to the great decrease in rheumatic fever in the Western
    world, but it should be noted that rheumatic heart disease remains a major global public health problem. 90

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