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What Is Synchronous Reactance & Synchronous Impedance

The document discusses synchronous reactance and synchronous impedance in alternators. It explains that the actual generated voltage has two components: excitation voltage and armature reaction voltage. Armature reaction voltage is equivalent to inductive reactance and represents the effect of armature reaction. Synchronous reactance is the combination of armature leakage reactance and armature reaction, representing their combined effect. Synchronous impedance accounts for voltage drops due to armature resistance, leakage reactance, and armature reaction, representing the total impedance seen by the alternator.

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1K views3 pages

What Is Synchronous Reactance & Synchronous Impedance

The document discusses synchronous reactance and synchronous impedance in alternators. It explains that the actual generated voltage has two components: excitation voltage and armature reaction voltage. Armature reaction voltage is equivalent to inductive reactance and represents the effect of armature reaction. Synchronous reactance is the combination of armature leakage reactance and armature reaction, representing their combined effect. Synchronous impedance accounts for voltage drops due to armature resistance, leakage reactance, and armature reaction, representing the total impedance seen by the alternator.

Uploaded by

yeprem82
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Synchronous Reactance & Synchronous

Impedance?

In an alternator or synchronous generator, the actual generated voltage consists of the


summation of two component voltages. One of these component voltages is the excitation
voltage  (𝐸exc); it is the voltage that would be generated because of the field excitation only.
The excitation voltage is the voltage that would be generated when there is no armature
reaction.

The other component of the generated voltage is the voltage that must be added to the
excitation voltage to take care of the effect of the armature reaction on the generated voltage.
This component voltage is known as the armature reaction voltage and is denoted by (𝐸𝐴𝑅).

Therefore, the actual generated voltage by the alternator is given by,

Ea = Eexc + EAR … (1)

The armature reaction voltage in a circuit caused by change in the flux by current in the same
circuit and its effect is of the nature of the inductive reactance. Hence, the armature reaction
voltage (𝐸𝐴𝑅) is equivalent to a voltage of inductive reactance, i.e.,

EAR = −jIa XAR … (2)

The inductive reactance (XAR) is an imaginary reactance which results in a voltage in the
armature circuit of the alternator to take care of the effect of armature reaction upon the voltage
relations of the armature circuit. Therefore, the armature reaction voltage (EAR) can be
represented as an inductor in series with the internal generated voltage.

Apart from the effect of armature reaction, the armature winding also has winding resistance
and a self-inductance.

Let

𝑅 𝑎 = Armature winding resistance

𝐿 𝑎 = Self inductance of armature winding

𝑋 𝑎 = Self inductive reactance of armature winding

Thus, the terminal voltage of the alternator is given by,


V = Ea − jIa XAR − jIa Xa − Ia R a … (3)

Where,

𝐼 𝑎 𝑅 𝑎 = Voltage drop due to armature resistance

𝐼 𝑎 𝑋 𝑎 = Voltage drop due to armature leakage reactance


𝐼 𝑎 𝑋 𝐴 𝑅 = Armature reaction voltage

The effect of armature reaction and the effect of the leakage flux in the alternator both are
represented by inductive reactances. Therefore, they can be combined into a single reactance
and this single reactance is known as synchronous reactance of the alternator and is
denoted by XS.

Hence,

XS = Xa + XAR … (4)

Now, from eqns. (3) & (4), we can write,

V = Ea − jIa XS − Ia R a

⇒ V = Ea − Ia (R a + jXS )

⇒ Ea − Ia ZS … (5)

Where,

ZS = (R a + jXS ) … (6)

The impedance (ZS) is known as the synchronous impedance of the alternator.

The synchronous impedance (ZS) is an imaginary impedance employed to account for the
voltage effects in the armature circuit of the alternator, which is produced by the actual
armature resistance, the actual armature leakage reactance, and the effect of the armature
reaction.
AD

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