Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux

RESEARCH STUDY

ON

CONFIGURING

NETWORKING

&

SERVERS

IN

UBUNTU

LINUX

Student Name: Rayala Sreesanth Page 1

Student ID :007
 Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux

CONTENTS

1. Introduction To Ubuntu Linux

2. Task -1 Configure Network interfaces

3. Task -2 Configure Servers

4. Executive Summary

5. References

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 Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux

1. INTRODUCTION TO LINUX
I. Introduction to Ubuntu and Linux

Linux is presently the most favorite operating system in the world

due to its speed of execution, hardware compatibility, platform free,

architecture free,operational stability and functional reliability. It is an

open source operating system, that has been developed from Unix

operating system by Mr.Linus Travolds as part of his third year academic

project. Later it became a part of the GNU open source project. Since the

Linux operating system has been developed from Unix operating it posses

all of its predecessor’s features like

1) Portable – Linux can operate on most types of Micro Controller or

Micro processor hardware as the Linux kernel supports almost any

kind of hardware platform.

2) Open Source – As part of the GNU free source project Linux

operating system and its source code is freely available and it is

part of a community based development project.

3) Multi-User and Multi Tasking − Linux is a multiuser and multi

tasking operating system hence many users can run multiple

programs or simultaneously access system resources like memory/

devices/ application programs at same time.

4) Hierarchical File System

5) Multiple Shells and Desktop environmenets(GUI’s)

6) SE-Linux – Inbuilt Security enhancements

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 Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux

2. TASK – 1

The four major objectives of Task-1 assignments are mentioned below:

1. Configure the network interfaces of PC, Server, Switch and Router

with appropriate network addressing.

2. Configure WAN by enabling IP packet forwarding on the routers using

dynamic routing protocols like ‘RIP-Routing Inter network protocol’.

3. Verify the Network Design using network applications like

a) ping b) traceroute 3) ifconfig 4)

Requirements - Hardware equipment:

1. Client computer with 4GB RAM, 250GB Hard disk drive, 15’ HD

monitor, Keyboard, Mouse and DVD drive.

2. Server computer with 8GB RAM, 500GB Hard disk drive, 15’ HD

monitor, Keyboard, Mouse and DVD drive.

3. Cisco SF110D 110 Series 5-Port Unmanaged Network Switch–(2 no’s)

4. Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router - (2 no’s)

5. Four Ethernet straight cables to connect PC to Switch and Switch to

Router and two Serial cables to interconnect the Routers – (2no’s)

Requirements - Software programs:

1. Client Operating System -UBUNTU Desktop 16.04.3 LTS

2. Server Operating System - UBUNTU Server 16.04.3 LTS

3. Network applications:ping, ifconfig, traceroute

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 Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux

Task – 1 Execution steps :

1. UBUNTU Desktop 16.04.3 LTS operating system is downloaded from

https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop and installed in to the Client

computer.

2. The UBUNTU Server 16.04.3 LTS operating System is downloaded

from https://www.ubuntu.com/download/serverND and installed into the

Server computer

3. The two Cisco SF110D 110 Series 5-Port Unmanaged Network

Switches are plugged to the power outlets and the four Ethernet Straight

cables are connected to PC to Switch (ethc1,ethc2) and Switch to Router

(ethc3,ethc4).

4. The two Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router are interconnected to

one another with the 2 serial cables s00, s01

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Client Network interface configuration

Client computer network interface configuration steps:

Perform the below mentioned steps to configure a Static IP address to the

client computer:

1. Click the Start menu or click on network menu  on the task bar. The

Network configuration application opens. Select  Edit Connections.

2. Select the Wired Network tab on the Wired  tab and click Edit.

3. Click on the IPv4 Settings tab and change the configuration

method to Manual.

4. Click Add to set up a new network connection,

5. Enter the IP Address, Netmask, DNS and Gateway information into

the appropriate text boxes.

6. Click Save to save the network connection configuration with the

static IP address.

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 Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux

Client computer to Switch network interface configuration steps:

Perform the below mentioned steps to configure a Static IP address to the

client computer:

1. Boot and Logon to the Client computer.

2. Open the terminal application in a window by pressing the three

keys ‘shift’+’alt’+’t’.

3. In the terminal window at the Ubuntu ‘$’ prompt enter the ‘ping’

command and enter the client computer’s IP address to verify the

network configuration. On successful IP number configuration a

positive feedback is displayed or a negative message is displayed.

4. In the terminal window at the Ubuntu ‘$’ prompt enter the ‘ifconfig’

command. On successful network configuration it displays the NIC’s IP

number configuration, subnet mask, Loop back adapters configuration,

Gateway IP number configuration in the terminal screen.

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5. In the terminal window at the Ubuntu ‘$’ prompt enter the ‘traceroute’

command along with a website IP address or domain name (Ex:

$traceroute google.com). On successful network configuration it displays

the client computers NIC’s IP number configuration, local Gateway IP

number and all the rote rip numbers till the ‘Google.com’ server IP

number in the terminal screen.

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Client computer to Switch network interface configuration steps:

1. Connect the client computer to the Cisco SF110D 110 Series 5-Port

Unmanaged Network Switch with a Ethernet Straight cable. On successful

configuration the 2 network configuration LED’s -green color and orange

color on the Switch blink randomly to indicate a positive connection.

Client computer to Router network interface configuration steps:

1. Connect the Client computer serial port to the console port of the Cisco

1841 Integrated Services Router with a ‘Rollover console cable’. On the

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client computer open the ‘minicom’ application and configure the

ethernet port IP number and Serial port IP number of the Router.

Client computer to Router network interface configuration steps:

1. Connect the Client computer Ethernet port to the Ethernet port of the

Cisco SF110D 110 Series 5-Port Unmanaged Network Switch with an

Ethernet straight cable. In turn connect the Ethernet port of the Cisco

SF110D 110 Series 5-Port Unmanaged Network Switch to the Ethernet

port of the Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router with an Ethernet

straight cable. From the client computer use the network diagnostic

commands like 1)Ping, 2) Ifconfig and 3)Traceroute to test the network

configuration.

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Server Network interface configuration

Server computer network interface configuration steps:

Perform the below mentioned steps to configure a Static IP address to the

Server computer:

1) During the Ubuntu Server 16.04.3 LTS installation process a screen

pops up indicating it needs the static IP address of the server computer.

Enter the IP Address, Netmask, DNS and Gateway information into the

appropriate text boxes and click on Continue button to  Save to settings.

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 Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux

Server computer to Switch network interface configuration steps:

1. Connect the Server computer to the Cisco SF110D 110 Series 5-Port

Unmanaged Network Switch with a Ethernet Straight cable. On successful

configuration the 2 network configuration LED’s -green color and orange

color on the Switch blink randomly to indicate a positive connection.

Server computer to Router network interface configuration steps:

1. Connect the Sever computer Ethernet port to the Ethernet port of the

Cisco SF110D 110 Series 5-Port Unmanaged Network Switch with an

Ethernet straight cable. In turn connect the Ethernet port of the Cisco

SF110D 110 Series 5-Port Unmanaged Network Switch to the Ethernet

port of the Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router with an Ethernet

straight cable. From the client computer use the network diagnostic

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 Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux

commands like 1)Ping, 2) Ifconfig and 3)Traceroute to test the network

configuration.

Client Routers to Server Router network configuration:

Connect both the client Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router to the

Server Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router using the Serial cable from

the serial port0/0/0 to serial port0/1/0 and configure the router based

Serial port with IP numbers and ‘RIP’ based dynamic routing protocol.

The routers serial ports are configured using class C – 192.168.100.1 &

192.168.100.2. The client computer is configured using class A- 10.0.0.10

and the client router Ethernet port with 10.0.0.1. The server computer is

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 Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux

configured using class A- 10.0.10.10 and the client router Ethernet port

with 10.0.10.1

3. TASK - 2
The four major objectives of Task-2 assignments are mentioned below:

1. Configure the DHCP on the server, such that the client PC can

successfully receive an IP Address and other network parameters like IP

address of router, netmask, DNS.

2. Configure a WEB server on dedicated machine, with URL as

www.YOURNAME.csu.edu.au.

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3. Configure a DNS Server on the Server computer and demonstrate that

forward and reverse DNS are working from the client PC; test DNS Server

by browsing www.YOUR NAME.csu.edu.au from client PC, DNS must

resolve this URL to IP address of WEB Server

4. Configure traffic filtering on the router to block TCP traffic only

between one of the client PC and WEB Servers, and provide evidence of

such traffic filtering.

Requirements - Hardware equipment:

1. Client computer with 4GB RAM, 250GB Hard disk drive, 15’ HD

monitor, Keyboard, Mouse and DVD drive.

2. Server computer with 8GB RAM, 500GB Hard disk drive, 15’ HD

monitor, Keyboard, Mouse and DVD drive.

3. Cisco SF110D 110 Series 5-Port Unmanaged Network Switch–(2 no’s)

4. Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router - (2 no’s)

Requirements - Software programs:

1. Client Operating System -UBUNTU Desktop 16.04.3 LTS

2. Server Operating System - UBUNTU Server 16.04.3 LTS
3. Network applications:ping, ifconfig, traceroute
DNS server configuration

1. Boot and logon to the Ubuntu Server Operating System

2. Open a terminal(press the three keys ‘shift+alt+t’ and enter the below

command
sudo -i gnome-terminal

3. A root shell opens. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’

sudo apt-get update

4. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’

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 Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux

sudo apt-get upgrade

5. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

6. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’

sudo apt-get install bind9 bind9utils bind9-doc

7. Enter the below command at the ‘$’ prompt and press the ‘Enter key’

sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf

8. Enter the below mentioned lines into the named.conf file and save it.

include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options";

include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local";

include "/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones";

9. Enter the below command at the ‘$’ prompt and press the ‘Enter key’

sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf.local

10. Enter the below lines into the named.conf.local file and save it.

zone " www.YOUR NAME.csu.edu.au" {

type master;

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file "/etc/bind/for.YOUR NAME.csu.edu.au";

allow-transfer { 192.168.1.100; };
also-notify { 192.168.1. 100; };
};
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/rev.YOUR NAME.csu.edu.au";
allow-transfer { 192.168.1.100; };
also-notify { 192.168.1. 100; };
};
11. Enter the below command at the ‘$’ prompt and press the ‘Enter key’

sudo nano /etc/bind/ for.YOURNAME.csu.edu.au

12. Enter the below lines into the /etc/bind/ for.YOURNAME.csu.edu.au

file and save it.

$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA pri. YOURNAME.csu.edu.au. root.
YOURNAME.csu.edu.au. (
2011071001 ;Serial
3600 ;Refresh
1800 ;Retry
604800 ;Expire
86400 ;Minimum TTL
)
@ IN NS pri.ostechnix.lan.
@ IN NS sec.ostechnix.lan.
@ IN A 192.168.1.100
@ IN A 192.168.2.2
pri IN A 192.168.2.2
client IN A 192.168.1.100

13. Enter the below command at the ‘$’ prompt and press the ‘Enter key’

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sudo nano /etc/bind/ rev.YOURNAME.csu.edu.au

14. Enter the below lines into /etc/bind/ rev.YOURNAME.csu.edu.au file

and save it.

$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA rev. YOURNAME.csu.edu.au. root.
YOURNAME.csu.edu.au. (
2011071002 ;Serial
3600 ;Refresh
1800 ;Retry
604800 ;Expire
86400 ;Minimum TTL
)
@ IN NS pri.YOURNAME.csu.edu.au.
@ IN PTR YOURNAME.csu.edu.au.
pri IN A 192.168.2.2
client IN A 192.168.1.100
200 IN PTR pri.YOURNAME.csu.edu.au.
202 IN PTR client. YOURNAME.csu.edu.au.
15. sudo named-checkconf /etc/bind/named.conf

16. sudo named-checkconf /etc/bind/named.conf.local

DHCP server configuration

1. Logon to the Ubuntu Server Operating System

2. Open a terminal (press the three keys ‘shift+alt+t’ and enter the below

command
sudo -i gnome-terminal

3. A root shell opens. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’

sudo apt-get update

4. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’

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 Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux

sudo apt-get upgrade

5. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

6. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’

sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server

7. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’

$ sudo vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

8. Enter the IP address of router, Sever, firewall and range of IPaddresses

to clients.

9. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’ to restart the

DHDP daemon

sudo service isc-dhcp-server restart

10. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’ to check whether

the DHCP server is running.

sudo netstat –uap

Apache Web server configuration

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 Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux

1. Boot and logon to the Ubuntu Server Operating System

2. Open a terminal (press the three keys ‘shift+alt+t’ and enter the below

command
sudo -i gnome-terminal

3. A root shell opens. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’

sudo apt-get update

4. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’

sudo apt-get upgrade

5. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

6. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’

sudo apt-get install apache2

7.

Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’ to allow the bypass of

firewall for apache

$ sudo ufw allow 'Apache Full'

8. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter Key’ to check the

functioning of Apache Server

$ sudo systemctl status apache2

9. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter Key’ to check the verify

of Apache Server

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 Network & Server configuration in Ubuntu Linux

$ hostname –i

10. Enter the server ip address (192.168.2.2) or the domain name of

server YOURNAME.csu.edu.au and check whether the apache webserver

page opens.

Firewall configuration

1. Logon to the Ubuntu Server Operating System

2. Open a terminal (press the three keys ‘shift+alt+t’ and enter the below

command
sudo -i gnome-terminal

3. A root shell opens. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’

sudo apt-get update

4. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’

sudo apt-get upgrade

5. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

6. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’

sudo apt-get install ufw

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7. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’ to allow the bypass

of firewall

$ sudo ufw allow <port>/<optional: protocol>

Ex: $ sudo ufw allow 'Apache Full'

8. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter key’ to deny the bypass

of firewall

$ sudo ufw deny <port>/<optional: protocol>

Ex: $ sudo ufw deny 'Apache Full'

9. Enter the below command and press the ‘Enter Key’ to allow the client

to connect to the Server

$ sudo ufw allow from 192.168.0.1 to any port 22

10. Enter the below commands and press the ‘Enter Key’ to enable and

check the status of the the ubuntu firewall

$ sudo ufw enable

$ sudo ufw status

4. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4.1- Objective

The present research study consists of two practical assignments

based on Linux operating system. Detailed information is stated below:

Task 1: a) Configure the network interfaces of the PC, Server and Router

with appropriate network addressing and enable routing between the

client computer and server using an Dynamic network Protocol called

‘RIP’.

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Client<>Switch<>Router <------> Router<>Switch<>Server

Task 2: a) Install and c configure the four servers DNS, DHCP, Apache

Web Server and Firewall with appropriate network addressing and enable

network communication in between the client and servers

Client <> Switch <>Router <------> Router<> Switch <> DNS Server <>

DHCP Server<> Apache Web Server <> Firewall

4.2- Methodology of project execution

The methodology of project execution for this research study in

networking was to collect vast data on the two topics of 1) network

configuration and 2) Server configuration. To further improve my

knowledge levels I also consulted IT technicians who had previously

implemented the network and Server configurations at their organizations.

After the collection of required data and my own view point, I installed

and configured the Task-1 and Task-2 and implemented them. This

practical task based assignment helped me a lot to get in depth knowledge

in networking and server administration and maintenance.

4.3 – Results

I started my research study with the collection of technical data on

networking and server administration, collection of viewpoints of IT

administrators, and sorting the data into installation process and

administration process . After thorough study of the entire technical data

I successfully installed and configured the Ubuntu Linux operating

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system, configured the network interfaces of PC’s, Server’s, Switches and

Routers, installed and configured the DNS, DHCP, Apache Web Server

along with the Ubuntu Firewall ‘UFW’.

4.4- Summary of Correlation

After successfully conducting the two assignment tasks of the

installation and configuration of networking and servers in Ubuntu Linux

operating systems I conclude that this practical based assignment has

tremendously improved my technical knowledge and functional skills of

IT hardware, networking and operating systems.

5. References

1. Ubuntu Unleashed by Mr. Jay LaCroix

2. Ubuntu Server Administration, Third Edition by Michael Jang

3. Ubuntu Official support website at

https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/net-fixed-ip-address.html

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