Anastasiia Hanzha, group ЗЕО-21
Task II. Do you know the difference? Match the word (1-5) with its definition (a-
e):
1. garbage a. an untidy accumulation of objects lying about
2. litter b. food waste, discarded or useless material
3. rubbish c. something in a crumbled or broken condition
4. trash d. an unwanted by-product of a manufacturing process
5. waste e. useless or rejected matter
1) b
2) a
3) c
4) d
5) e
Task III. Choose one word to complete the sentences:
Garbage Litter Rubbish Trash Waste
1. I don’t like their house – it’s always full of rubbish.
2. The main problem of ecology today is thousands of tons of industrial waste.
3. She always leaves a lot of garbage in the kitchen.
4. In Singapore a person throwing litter the road may be put to prison.
5. Sometimes it seems that trash accumulates itself.
Task V. Put the activities below into the appropriate pollution groups:
Air pollution Water pollution Soil pollution Noise pollution
Activities:
1. Burying waste or household trash - soil pollution.
2. Rock concerts - noise pollution
3. Car exhaust fumes - air pollution
4. Hyperactive fishing - water pollution
5. Oil split in oceans - water pollution
6. No change footwear in schools - soil pollution
7. Airport noise – noise pollution
8. Smoking – air pollution
9. Burning leaves in spring and autumn - air/soil pollution
10. Littering and spitting in schools, streets, and woods - soil pollution
Task VI. Match the given English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
1. Burying waste or household
trash - Закопування промислових
або побутових відходів
2. Cutting forests – Вирубка лісів
3. Rock concerts – Рок концерт
4. Car exhaust fumes –
Автомобільні вихлопні гази
5. Hyperactive fishing –
Надмірний вилов риби
6. Oil split in oceans – Викиди
нафти в океан
7. No change footwear in schools –
Відсутність змінного взуття в
школах
8. Poaching - Браконьєрство
9. Airport noise – Шум аеропорту
10. Smoking - Куріння
11. Burning leaves in spring and
autumn – Спалення листа весною
та восени
12. Littering and spitting in the
schools, streets, and woods –
Забруднення сміттям шкіл,
вулиць та лісів
Task VII. Complete the sentences, using these words:
air animals forest land water
We must teach the younger generation how to protect the (1) land. Each of us must
do everything possible to keep the land, (2) water, and (3) air clean.
(4) forest areas have been planted or replanted. The problem of disappearing
(5) animals is one of the most important.
Task VIII. You have a short text. Read the text. Fill in the gaps. Choose the right
words from the box given below:
pollution ecology environment is pointed out
lessen take care nature
People all over the world are worried about what is happening to the (1)
environment. Newspapers and magazines write about air, land and water (2)
pollution. They write that the Earth is our home and all people must (3) take care of
it. We must do everything possible to save the (4) nature, to make our rivers and air
clean. The importance of this task (5) is pointed out by scientists. The branch of
science that deals with the relation of living things to their environment is called (6)
ecology. From the point of view of ecology the mankind should first of all (7) lessen
pollution.
WHAT'S HAPPENING
Pre-reading tasks
II. Match a word in A with a word in В
A B
consume - f a) pollutant
combust - d b) variety
eject - g c) cleaner
emit - i d) combustion
pollute - a e) purification
produce - h f) consumption
purify- e g) ejection
vary- b h) production
clean - c i) emission
Air pollution
Until about 150 years ago, the air was pure and clean – perfect for people to
breathe. Then people started building factories. Those factories, then cars - put a lot
of harmful gases into the air. Today the air is so polluted that it’s not always safe to
breathe. Many cities have air filled with a pollution called “smog”. It is so strong in
some places that the air looks brown. Polluted air is bad for people, animals and trees.
Acid rain
When we look up, we see the clouds and the blue sky. But there are other
things in the sky that we don’t see. Some of these are harmful to the Earth. When
power factories burn coal to make electricity and when cars burn gasoline, invisible
gases are released into the air. Some of these gases can mix with water and make it
acidic, like lemon juice or vinegar. Sometimes gases get into rain clouds, where they
get mixed with rain or snow. Then the acid falls back to earth with rain and snow.
This is called acid rain. Acid rain is harmful to plants, rivers and creatures that live in
them. Acid rain kills forests, pollutes water.
Disappearing animals
Every day there are more and more people living on the Earth. All those people
need room to live. So they move into places that are already homes for plants and
animals. When people move into new land the plants and animals that live there
begin to disappear. Some even become extinct – which means that they all die out,
and are gone from the Earth forever.
Too much garbage!
When you throw sometimes away, it goes in a garbage can. Once a week the
garbage truck comes and the can is emptied. Almost all garbage is taken to a garbage
dump or landfill, where a big tractor comes along and pushes dirt on top of the
garbage. So, most of our garbage is just buried. Now we are making so much garbage
that in many places there is not enough room to bury it all.
Water pollution
The planet Earth is mostly water. Oceans cover the biggest part of it and there
are lakes, rivers, streams, and under-ground water. All life on the Earth depends on
water. But we don't always keep water clean. Rivers and lakes are polluted by
garbage or by poisonous chemicals. The ocean, which is a home to so much life, has
been used as a place to dump garbage and poisonous chemicals for a long time.
The greenhouse effect
The Earth is surrounded by a blanket of invisible gases (carbon dioxide) that
act just like a greenhouse. The sun shines in, and the blanket of gases traps the heat
like a roof. That’s good – we can’t live without warmth. Factories, electric power
mills, cars make a lot of new gases. The new gases are trapping more and more sun's
heat. This is called the greenhouse effect or global warming. If the Earth's
temperature gets hotter by just a few degrees, it could change the weather all over the
planet. Places which are warm would become too hot to live in, and places that are
cold would become warm. The places that grow food could get too hot to grow crops.
The ozone hole
Up in the sky, above the air we breathe, there is a layer of gas, called ozone. It
helps us by blocking out rays from the sun that can harm our skin, and by letting the
rays that are good for us come through. We are lucky to have the ozone to protect us.
Now the ozone layer is being damaged by gases that people have made. The gases are
called CFCs, and halons. The CFCs float up to the top of the atmosphere and "eat up"
the ozone. Scientists are very concerned about the ozone layer, because a lot of it has
gone away in just a few years.
IV. Put the words in the right order and write down their sentences:
• depends /water / on / on / Earth / life / all.
All life on Earth depends on this water.
• a / blanket / gases /of / by / surrounded / is / the / Earth.
A blanket of the Earth is surrounded by gases.
• layer / the / ozone / scientists / are / about / concerned.
Scientists are concerned about the ozone layer.
• lakes / to / protect / we / streams / rivers / can / oceans / help.
We can help to protect lakes, rivers, streams, oceans.
• the Earth / anyone / can / green / help / to / keep.
Anyone can help to keep the earth green.
• greenhouse / trees / fight / help / effect / and /us / give / oxygen.
Trees fight greenhouse effect and give us oxygen.
• April / 22 / day / Earth / inhabitants / of / celebrate / Earth.
Earth inhabitants celebrate day of Earth on 22 April.
• air / polluted / for / people / trees / and / plants / but / for / animals / is / not / only
bad.
Polluted air is not only bad for people, animals, but for trees, other plants.
• harmful / and / acid / to / plants / is / rain / rivers / live / in / creatures / them/ that.
Plants, creatures live in rivers, acid rain is harmful for them.
V. What sentences do these letters make?
Plants combine carbon dioxide with sun energy water and minerals.
Protection of the environment is every body's concern
The seas are in danger.
The Aral sea is on the brink of extinction.
People support green parties.
