RELATIONS MATHEMATICS

RELATIONS
SYNOPSIS - 1
 Order pair: A pair of elements which are in a proper order is called an ordered pair and it will be
denoted by (a, b).
a is called first object , b is called second object.
Note : 1)  a, b    b, a 

2) If  a, b    x, y  then a  x, b  y .

 Cartesian product of sets:If A and B are any two sets then the set of all ordered pairs (a, b)
where a  A, b  B is called cartesian product of A and B and is denoted by A  B .

A  B  { a, b  / a  Aand b  B}

Example: A  a, b , B  1, 2

A  B   a,1 ,  a, 2  ,  b,1 ,  b, 2 
Note: 1) A  B  B  A
2) If A   or B   then A  B  

3) If A and B are non empty sets ,then n  A  B   n  A  .n  B 

4) If A and B are any two non-empty sets A  B  B  A  A  B
5) If A  B then A  C  B  C , C is any set.
6) If A  B and C  D then A  C  B  D

 Relation: Supose A and B are anytwo sets . Any subset R of A  B called a relation from A to
B.
Any subset R of A  A is called a relation in A.

Example: A  1, 2,3 , B  4,5

R1  1, 4  , 1,5 

R2  1, 4  , 1,5  ,  2, 4 

R3  1, 4  , 1, 5  ,  2, 4  ,  2,5  ,  3, 4  ,  3,5  are some relations from A to B

Formulae
Let n  A   m and n  B   n then the number of relations from A to B are 2mn .

Example: If n  A  5, n  B   2 then the number of relations from A to B are 210 .

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 Rule of a relation: If a particula relationship exists between the second and first components of
each ordered pair of a relation R, then this relationship is called the Rule of the relation.
Ex: In the relation , R  { 2, 4  ,  3,9  ,  4,16 } the rule of the relation is “ the square of”

Note:1) A   B  C    A  B    A  C 

2) A   B  C    A  B    A  C 

3) A   B  C    A  B    A  C 

4) n  A  m, n  B   n then the number of relations that can be defined from A to B is 2mn .

Out of 2mn relations , 2 relations are called trivial relations , they are
1) R  
2) R  A  B
If R   then R is called empty relation.
If R   then R is a universal relation.
The remaining 2mn  2 relation are called non-trivial relations.

 Domain and Range of a relation: The set of all first components of the ordered pairs is called
the domain of the relation while the set of all the second components is called the range of the
relation.

Domain = { a,b,c} Range = { 7,8,9}

 Representation of A  B :
A  {1, 2,3} B  {4, 5}

Arrow diagram:

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A  B  {1, 4  , 1,5 ,  2, 4  ,  2,5  ,  3, 4  ,  3,5 }

 Inverse relation: If R is a relation from A to B , then the inverse of R is R 1 is a relation from

B to A and is defined as
R 1  { b, a  /  a, b   R, a  A, b  B}

Example: R   6, 7  ,  7,8  ,  9,10  , 10,11

R 1   7, 6  ,  8, 7  , 10,9  , 11,10 

Note:1) Domain of R= Range of R 1

2) Range of R= domain of R 1

 Identity relation: Let A is any set then the relation.

I A  { a, a  / a  A} is called the Identity relation on A.

Ex: A  {1, 2,3} ; A  A  {1,1 ,  2, 2  ,  3, 3}

 Types of Relations:
1. One-One relation: A relation R : A  B is said to be one-one relation if not two elemens of
A have the same image in B.

Example:

2. One to many Relation: A relation R : A  B is said to be one-to-many relation if an

element of A is related to two or more elements of B.

A B
R
1 4
2 5
Example: 6
3 7
8

3. Many-one Relation: A relation R : A  B is said to be many one relation if two or more

elements of A are related to an element of B.

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A B
R
1 a
2
Example: 3 b
4
5

4. Many-Many relation: A relation R : A  B is said to be many-many relation if two or

more elements of A are related to two or more elements of B.

A B
R
1 a
Example: 2
b
3

Other types of Relations

1. Reflexive relation: A relation on set A is said to be reflexive if every element of A is related to
itself.
R is Reflexive   a, a   R , for all a  A .
Example:
i) Every real number is equal to itself. Therefore “is equal to” is a reflexive relation in the set of
real numbers.
ii) If ‘A’ is a set of sets and R is a relation defined by “is a subset of” in A, then R is reflexive as
every set is a subset of itself.
iii) In the set of all triangles in a plane the relation defined by “is congruent to” is a reflexive
relation.
2. Symmetric relation: A relation on a set A is said to be symmetric iff
 a, b   R   b.a   R for alla, b  A .
Note: A relation on a set A is symmetric if and only if R  R 1 .
Example:
i) In the set of all real numbers “is equal to” relation is symmetric.
ii) A is the set of lines in a plane. R is the relation in A defined by “is parallel”. Then R is symmetric.
For if l , m are two lines in A  l , m   R then we have l || m. But this implies that m || l .

 m, l   R . Thus R is symmetric.

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iii) In set of all natural numbers the relation R defined by “x is a factor of y if  x, y   R ”, then R
is not
symmetric. For  2, 6   R (since 2 | 6 )
But 6 is not a factor of 2.
  6, 2   R
3. Anti Symmetric relation: A relation on a set A said to be an anti symmetric
  a , b   R and  b, a   R  a  b for all a, b  A .
Example:
i) In set of all natural numbers the relation R defined by “ x divides y if and only if  x, y   R ’ is
anti-symmetric. For if x | y and y | x then x  y
ii) In the set of all real numbers the relation '  ' is an anti-symmetric relation. For x  y and
y  x imply
x  y for x, y  R

4. Transitive relation: A relation on a set A is said to be transitive iff  a, b   R and

 b, c   R   a, c   R , for all a, b, c  A .
Ex:1) In the set of all real numbers the relatioin “is equal to” is a transitive relation For
a  b, b  c implies
ac.
2) A is the set of all lines in a plane. R is the relation “is perpendicular to” in A.
Then R is not a transitive relation. For l  m, m  n do not imply l  n . Infact l // n .
Thus R is not transitive.

Solved Examples

1. Let A  {1, 2, 3} . the total no. of distinct relations which can be defined over A is

Sol: n( A  A)  n( A).n  A  3  3  9

 Total number of subsets of A  A  29

 No. of distinct relations = 29

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2. The relation ‘is subset of ‘ on the power set P(A) of set is

Sol: Relation is not symmetric because A  B does not imply B  A .
But it is anti-symmetric because A  B and B  A .  A  B
3. Let R be the relation over the set N  N and is defined by
( a, b)  R, ( a, b) R (c, d )  a  d  b  c . Then R is
Sol: (a,b)R(a,b) because a+b=b+a  R is reflexive
( a , b) R (c , d )  a  d  b  c
 c  b  d  a  (c, d ) R ( a, b)  R is symmetric.
(a,b)R (c,d)and (c,d) R (e,f)
 a+d=b+c,c+f=d+e
Adding a + d + c + f = b + c + d + e
 a  f  b  e  ( a, b) R (e, f )  R is transitive.
Hence R is equivalence relation.
4. If R1 and R2 are two symmetric relations, Then

Sol: Since R1 and R2 are symmetric relations.

 R11  R1 and R2 1  R2

But  ( R1 0 R2 ) 1  R2 1 0 R11  R2 0 R1

 R1OR2 is symmetric iff R1OR2  R2OR1

WORK SHEET

1. Domain of  6, a  ,  7, b  ,  8, a  ,  9, b  is

1. a, b 2. 6, 7,8,9 3. 6, 7,8 4. 6, 7,8, a, b

2. Range of  5, x  ,  7, x  ,  9, y  , 10, z  is

1. 5, 7,9,10 2.  x, y, z 3.  y, z 4.  x, x, y

3. If A  1, 2,3 , B  5, 6, 7 , Then which of the following is a relation from A to B.

1. 1,5 ,  6, 2  ,  3, 7  2.  5,1 ,  6, 2  ,  7,3

3.  5,1 ,  5, 2  ,  2, 6  ,  2, 7  4. 1, 5  , 1, 7  ,  2, 6 
4. If n(A)=m, n(B)=n Then the number of relations from A to B are
1. 2m  n 2. 2mn 3. 2m 4. 2n

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5. If A  S , I , V , A , B   N , A, G , A , Then the no. of relations from A to B are

1.16 2. 28 3. 212 4. 216
6. Inverse relation of 1, 2  ,  2,3 ,  3, 4  is

 1   1   1  
1.  2,1 ,  3, 2  ,  4,3 2. 1,  ,  2,  ,  3  
 2   3   4  
  1   1    1   1 
3. 1, 2  ,  , 3  ,  , 4   4. 1, 2  ,  , 3  ,  , 4  
  2   3    2   3 

7. If A  1, 2,3 , R  1,1 , 1,3 ,  3,1 is relation on A then R is

1. Reflexive 2. Symmetric 3. Anti symmetric 4. Equivalence
8. If A  7,8,9 , R   7, 7  ,  8,8  ,  9, 9  be a relation on A then R is
1. Reflexive 2. Symmetric 3. One to one 4. Equivalance
9. In the set of all triangles similarity is
1. Reflexive 2. Symmetric 3. Transitive 4. Equivalence
10. The relation “daughter” of is
1. Reflexive 2. Symmetric 3. Transitive 4. Alone
11. If A  3, 6,9,12 and R   3,3  6, 6,  9,9 12,12  3, 6  3,9  3,12  be a relation on A
then R is
1. Reflexive and transitive only 2. Reflexive only
3. An equivalence 4. Reflexive and symmetric only
12. Let R  1,3 ,  4, 2  ,  2, 4  ,  2, 3 ,  3,1 be a relation on the set A  1, 2,3, 4 . Then R is
1. A function 2. Reflexive 3. Not symmetric 4. Transitive.
13. Let R   x, y  : x, y  A, x  y  6whenA  1, 2,3, 4,5, 6 then R is
1. Not reflexive, symmetric and not transitive 2. Equivalence
3. Reflexive, symmetric but not transitive 4. Not reflexive, not symmetric by transitive
14. Let R be a relation on a set A such that R  R then R is
 1

1. Reflexive 2. Symmetric 3. Transitive 4. Equivalence

15. For x, y  R , define a relation R by x R y if and only if x  y  2 is an irrational. Then R is
1. Equivalence 3. Transitive 3. Symmetric 4. Reflexive
16. The relation  is
1. Reflexive 2. Symmetric 3. Transitive 4. Equivalence

Multi Answer Type

17. Let be the relation on the set TR defined by a + b iff  a  b   1 . Then f is
1. Reflexive 2. Symmetric 3. Transitive 4. Equivalance

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18. The relation “sister of” is

1. Reflexive 2. Symmetric 3. Transitive 4. Equivalance
19. The relation “less than” in the set of natural numbers is
1. Reflexive 2. Symmetric 3. Transitive 4. Not an equivalence
20. If the relation R : A  B , where A  1, 2,3, 4 and B  1,3,5 is defined by

R   x, y  : x  y , x  A, y  B then

1. R  1,3 , 1,5  ,  2,3 ,  2,5  ,  3,5  ,  4,5 

2. R   3,1 ,  5,1 ,  3, 2  ,  5, 2  ,  5,3 ,  5, 4 

1

3. RoR  3,3 ,  3, 5  5,3 ,  5,5 

1

.  41,1 , 1, 2  ,  2,1 ,  2, 2  ,  2, 3  ,  3,1 ,  3, 2  ,  3, 3  ,  2, 4  ,  3, 4 1, 3 1, 4  ,  4,1 ,  4, 2  ,  4, 3  ,  4, 4 

R 1oR

21. If A  1, 2,3 and 1,1 ,  2, 2  ,  3,3 , 1, 2  be a relation on A then f is

1. Reflexive 2. Symmetric 3. Transitive 4. Equivalance

Reasoning Answer Type

22. Assertion (A) : n  A  3, n  B   4 then n  B  A  12

Reason (R) : n  A   p, n  B   q then n  a  b   pq

a) A & R is true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) A & R is true and R is the not correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, R is false d) A is false, R is true
23. Assertion (A) : If l  m, m  n then l  n
Reason (R) : If two lines are perpendicular to the same line they are parallel to each other.
a) A & R is true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) A & R is true and R is the not correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, R is false d) A is false, R is true

Matrix Matching Type

24. Column -1 Column - ii

1)  R 
1 1
 A) 0
2) a R b, b R a and a  b then R is B) B  A
3) A  B  C) Anti symmetric
4) a   , B is finite then D) R

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Comprehension Type
Writeup-1
Let A  1, 2,3, 4 andB  5, 6, 7,8 be two sets If a relation R is defined as

R   x, y  : x  y  9, x  A, y  B Then
25. R =
1. 8,1 ,  7, 2  ,  6,3 ,  5, 4  2.  2, 7  ,  0,9  ,  3, 6  , 1,8 ,  4,3
3. 1,8  ,  2, 7  ,  3, 6  ,  4,5  4.  5, 5  ,  6, 6  ,  7, 7  ,  8,8 
26. RoR 1 is
1. Reflexive on A 2. Reflexive on B
3. Identity Relation on B 4. Both 2 and 3
27. R 1oR is
1. 1,1 ,  2, 2  ,  3,3 ,  4, 4 2. Identity on A
3. Reflexive on A 4. All of these
Writeup-2
If A  0,1, 2, andB  3, 4,5 be two sets .

28. If a relation R is defined as R  x, y   x  y  5, x  A, y  B then R is

1.  0,3 , 1,3 , 1, 4  ,  2, 4 ,  2,5 2, 6  2.  3, 0  ,  3,1 ,  4,1 ,  4, 2 ,  5, 2  6, 2 

3.  0,3 ,  0, 4  , 1,3 ,  0,5  , 1, 4  ,  2,3 4.  3, 0  ,  4, 0  ,  3,1 ,  5, 0  ,  4,1 3, 2 

29. If a relation R  A  B is defined as R  x, y  : x  y, x  A, y  B then R is

1)  3, 0  ,  3,1 3, 2  4, 0  ,  4,1 ,  4, 2  3, 0  ,  5,1 ,  5, 2 

2)  0,3 ,  0, 4  ,  0,5  , 1,3  , 1, 4  , 1,5  ,  2, 3 ,  2, 4  ,  2,5 

3) 1,3 , 1, 4  ,  5,3  ,  5, 4  4)  5, 4  ,  5,3 ,  5, 2  ,  5,1 ,  5, 0 

30. If a relation R : A  B is defined as R :  x, y  , x  y , x  A, y  B then R is

1)  3, 0  ,  4, 0  ,  5, 0  ,  3,1 ,  4,1 ,  5,1 ,  3, 2  ,  4, 2  ,  5, 2 

2)  5, 4  ,  5,3 ,  5, 2  ,  5,1 ,  5, 0 

3) 1,3 , 1, 4  ,  5,3 ,  5, 4  4) Empty set

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Verbal Resonaning
Directions : In each of the following questions, a number series is
given with one term missing. Choose the correct alternative that
will continue the same pattern and replace
1) D-4, F-6, H-8, J-10, ?, ?
(a) K-12, M-13 (b) L-12, M-14 (c) L-12, N-14 (d) K-12, M-14
2) 2B, 4C, 8E, 14H, ?
(a) 16K (b) 20I (c) 20L (d) 22L
3) 3F, 6G, 11I, 18L, ?
(a) 21O (b) 25N (c) 25P (d) 27P
(e) 27Q
4) W-144, ?, S-100, Q-81, O-64
(a) U-121 (b) U-122 (c) V-121 (d) V- 128
5) 2, A, 9, B, 6, C, 13, D, ?
(a) 9 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 19
6) KM5, IP8, GS11, EV14, ?
(a) BX17 (b) BY17 (c) CY17 (d) CZ17
7) C4X, F9U, I16R, ?
(a) K25P (b) L25P (c) L25O (d) K27P
8) 2Z5, 7Y7, 14X9, 23E11, 34V13, ?
(a) 27U24 (b) 45U15 (c) 47U15 (d) 47V14
9) N5V, K7T, ?, E14P, B19N
(a) H9R (b) H10Q (c) H10R (d) I10R
10) Q1F, S2E, U6D, W21C, ?
(a) Y44B (b) Y66B (c) Y88B (d) Z88B
11) 2A11, 4D13, 12G17, ?
(a) 36I19 (b) 36J21 (c) 48J21 (d) 48J23
12) J2Z, K4X, 17V, ?, H16R, M22P
(a) I11T (b) L11S (c) L12T (d) L11T (e) L12S
13) Find the term which does not fit into the series :
1CV, 5FU, 9IT, 15LS, 17OR
(a) 5FU (b) 15LS (c) 9IT (d) 17OR

59 IX Class - Maths
RELATIONS MATHEMATICS

Non-Verbal Resonaning
PROBLEM FIGURES ANSWER FIGURES

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

IX Class - Maths 60
MATHEMATICS RELATIONS

KEY & HINTS

WORK SHEET (KEY)

1) 2 2) 2 3) 4 4) 2 5) 3

6) 1 7) 2 8) 1 9) 4 10) 4

11) 1 12) 3 13) 1 14) 2 15) 4

16) 2 17) 1,2 18) 2,3 19) 3,4 20) 1,2,3,4

21) 1,2 22) 1 23) 4 24) DCBA 25) 3

26) 4 27) 4 28) 3 29) 2 30) 4

1. First elements of the given set.

2. Second elements of the given set
3. In the given relations, the first elements belongs to the set A and the Second elements belongs
to the set B.
 Option C is correct.
4. Formula
5. n  A   4 , n  B  3
n  A n  B
 No. of Relations = 2  2 43  212
6. f   a, b  , a  A, b  B

7. 1,3  R  3,1  R
 R is Symmetric
8. If a  A then  a, a   R
Then R is reflexive.
9. Every Triangle is Similar to itself  Reflexive
If 1 ~  2   2 ~ 1  Symmetric
10. By using definitions verify that
11. Because of  3,3 ,  6, 6  ,  9,9 12,12   Reflexive

If  3,6   R but  6,3  R  not Symmetric

If f : a  b K  1

61 IX Class - Maths
RELATIONS MATHEMATICS

 3,3  R,  3,9    3,9   R

Like that remaining
 R is Transitive
12. Given R  1,3 ,  4, 2  ,  2, 4  2,3 ,  3,1
R is not Reflexive
 2,3  R but  3, 2   R
 R is not Transitive
13. If x  y  6 then x  x  6
 R is not Reflexive
If x  y  6  y  x  6
 R is Symmetric
and also R is not transitive.
14. R :  a, b   R   b, a   R
 R is Symmetric
15. R  x  y  2 is an irrational.
x  x  2  2 is also an irrational
 R is Reflexive
16. Every line is not perpendicular to itself
  is not Reflexive
If l1  l2  l2  l1  R is Symmetric
17.  If  a, b   f  a  a  1  0  1
 R is Reflexive
If  a  b   1  1  b  a  1
 R is Symmetric
18. By using definition
19. By using definition
20. A  1, 2,3, 4 B  1, 3, 5

R   x, y  ; x  A, y  B, x  y

 R  1,3 , 1,5  ,  2,3 ,  2,5  ,  3,5  ,  4,5 

K 1   3,1 ,  5,1 ,  3, 2  ,  5, 2  ,  5,3 ,  5, 4 

  RoR 1   3  R  R 1  3   R 1  3  1 3,3

 RoR 1   3,3 ,  3,5  ,  5,3 ,  5, 5 

R oR  1  R 1  R 1   R 1  3  1  1,1

1

IX Class - Maths 62
MATHEMATICS RELATIONS

Like that
R 1oR  1,1 , 1, 2  , 1,3 , 1, 4  ,  2,1 2, 2  ,  2,3 ,  2, 4  ,  3,1 3, 2  ,  3,3 ,  3, 4  ,  4,1 ,  4, 2  ,  4,3 ,  4,
21. Because of 
 f is Reflexive
If 1,1  R, 1, 2   R  1, 2   R
 R is transitive
22. Key : 1
n  B  A  n  B   n  A  4  3  12
23. Key : (4)
l  m, m  n then l || n
24. Key : 1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A
1)  R 1   R
1

2) Antisymmetric
3) A  B  B  A
4) 0
25-27. Key : 25-3, 26-4, 27-4
A  1, 2,3, 4 , B  5, 6, 7,8
Given x  y  9 , x  A, y  B
 R  1,8  ,  2, 7  ,  3, 6  ,  4,5 

R 1   8,1 ,  7, 2  ,  6,3  ,  5, 4 

 
R R 1  8   R 1  8

Similarly ROR   8,8  ,  7, 7  ,  6, 6  ,  5,3 

1

Which is identify on B as well as reflexive

R 1

OR 1  R 1  R 1   R 1  8   1  1,1

Similarly  R OR  1,1 ,  2, 2  ,  3,3 ,  4, 4  which is identify as well as reflexive on A.

1

28. Key : 3
A  0,1, 2 , B  3, 4,5

R   x, y  , x  y  5, x  A, y  B

 R   0, 3 ,  0, 4  ,  0,5  , 1, 3 , 1, 4  ,  2,3

29. Key : 2
R   x, y  ; x  y , x  A, y  B

63 IX Class - Maths
RELATIONS MATHEMATICS

 R   0,3 ,  0, 4  ,  0,5  , 1,3  , 1, 4  , 1,5  ,  2,3 ,  2, 4  ,  2,5 

30. Key : 4
R   x, y  ; x  y , x  A, y  B
Not possible
 empty set

VERBAL REASONING (KEY)

1) C 2) D 3) D 4) A 5) B

6) C 7) C 8) C 9) C 10) C

11) D 12) D 13) B

1. (c) : The lettes in the series are alternate and the numbers indicate their
position in the English alphabet from the beginning.
2. 2
(d) : Numbers : 2  4
 4  6
 8  8
14    22 
1
Letters : B  2
 C  3
 E  4
 J   L

3. 3
(d) : Numbers : 3  5
 6  7
11  9
18    27 
1
Letters : F  2
 G  3
 I  4
 L   P

4. 2
(a) : Letters : W   U  
2 2
 S  2
 Q  O

Numbers : 144 12   121 11   100 10   81 9   64 8 

2 2 2 2 2

5. (b) : The given sequence is a combination of two series :

So, the missing term is 10.
6. 2
(c) : 1st letter : K  2
 I  2
 G  2
 E   C 
3
3rd letter : M  3
 P  3
 S  3
 V   Y 
3
Number : 5  3
 8  3
11  3
14   17 

7. 3
(c) : 1st letter : C  3
 F  3
 I   L

Number : 4  2   9  3   16  4    25   5 
2 2 2 2

3
3rd letter : X  3
U  3
 R   O 

8. 5
(c) : 1st letter : 2  7
 7  9
14  11
 23  13
34   47 

IX Class - Maths 64
MATHEMATICS RELATIONS

1
Middle letter : Z  1
 Y  1
 X  1
W  1
V   U 
2
3rd Number: 5  2
 7  2
 9  2
11  2
13   15 

9. 3
(c) : 1st letter : N  3
 K    H  
3 3
 E  B
2
Middle letter : 5  3
 7   10  
4 5
14  19
2
2nd letter : V  2
 T    R  
2 2
 P  N
2
10. (c) : 1st letter : Q  2
 S  2
U  2
 W   Y 
11
Middle letter : 1  2  2
 2  3 3
 6  4  4
 21    88
1
3rd Number : F  1
 E  1
 D  1
 C   B
2
11. (d) : 1st letter : 2  3
 4  4
12    48 
3
Middle letter : A  3
 D  3
 G   J 
2
3rd Number : 11  4
13  6
17    23
12. (d) : The first letters in odd numbered terms form series.
J 1
 I 1
 H and in even numbered terms form series
1
K    L  
1
M .
2
Middle number : 2  3
 4  4
 7   11 
5 6
16   22
2
3rd letters : Z  2
 X  2
V   T  
2 2
 R  P
4
13. (b) : 1st number : 1  4
 5  4
 9   13 
4
17
3
2nd letter : C  3
 F  3
 I    L  
3
O
1
3rd letter : V  1
U  1
 T    S  
1
R
Thus, the term 15LS is wrong and must be replaced by 13LS.

NON-VERBAL REASONING (KEY)

1) 5 2) 5 3) 3 4) 1 5) 3

6) 3 7) 1 8) 5 9) 4 10) 5

1. (5) : In the first step, the elements interchange positions in the sequence.
In each subsequent step, the elements move in the sequence obtained
by rotating the previous sequence through 900 CW. Also, in each step,
the element that reaches the encircled position, gets replaced by a new
element.

65 IX Class - Maths
RELATIONS MATHEMATICS

2. (5) : The element having trapezium at its end, rotates 1350 ACW and the
trapezium gets inverted in each step. The other element rotates 1350
ACW in one step and it rotates 450 CW and the symbol at its end gets
replaced by a new element in the next step.
3. (3) : All the elements together move one space to the right in each step
and once they reach the rightmost position, then in the next step, they
move to the leftmost position. Also, in the first step, the first (uppermost)
and the third elements interchange positions; in the second step, the
second and the fourth elements interchange positions and in the third
step, none of the elements interchange positions . These three steps are
repeated to continue the series.
4. (1) : The elements move in the sequences and alternately. Also, in each
step, the symbol that reaches the encircled position, gets replaced by a
new symbol.
5. (3) : In each step, element at the upper-right position gets gets enlarged,
inverts vertically and reaches the lower-left corner; the existing element
at the lower-left position, is lost and a new small element appears at the
upper-right position.
6 (3) : In each step, one line segment is lost from the CW-end of the outer
element and a new line segment appears at the ACW-end. Also, the in-
ner ‘L’ shaped element rotates 900 CW in each step.
7. (1) : The symbols move in the sequence in the first step. In each subse-
quent step, the symbols move in the sequence obtained by rotating the
previous sequences through 900 CW. Also, in each step, the symbol that
reaches the encircled position gets replaced by a new one.
8. (5) : In each step, both the elements move one space (each space is equal
to half-a-side of the square boundary) downwards. Once any of the two
elements reaches the lowermost position, then in the next step, it reaches
the uppermost position in the next column to the right.
9. (4) : The symbols ‘=’, ‘+’ and ‘ ’ move one step ACW while the symbols
‘s’, ‘c’ and ‘o’ move one step CW each time.
10. (5) : The number of parts increases by one along with the number of
sides in the figure.

IX Class - Maths 66