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Computer Science Illuminated

The operating system manages system resources and provides an environment for application software to run. It acts as an intermediary between the user, software, and hardware. Timesharing allows multiple users to use the computer simultaneously through fast switching between processes, giving each user the illusion of having a private machine. The operating system must perform address translation by mapping logical addresses to physical addresses in memory.

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BRANTLEY TAN
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121 views3 pages

Computer Science Illuminated

The operating system manages system resources and provides an environment for application software to run. It acts as an intermediary between the user, software, and hardware. Timesharing allows multiple users to use the computer simultaneously through fast switching between processes, giving each user the illusion of having a private machine. The operating system must perform address translation by mapping logical addresses to physical addresses in memory.

Uploaded by

BRANTLEY TAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

The operating system is used to manage system resources and give application software
an environment in which it can run. It acts as an intermediary between the user, the software and
the computer hardware.

Application software is the front-end software that users handle. Common applications,
such as Microsoft Office, Google Chrome and Skype are generally installed by the user and are
required to undertake particular tasks.

2.
An Operating system is a system that manages resources and gives application softwares
an environment to run in.

3a.
ARX

3b.
Windows 1.0

3c.
Classic Mac OS

3d.
Linux

3e.
Linux

4.
Multiprogramming is a rudimentary form of parallel processing in which several programs
are run at the same time on a uniprocessor.

5a.

5b.

5c.

5d.

6.
A batch job is a computer program or set of programs processed in batch mode. This
means that a sequence of commands to be executed by the operating system is listed in a file
(often called a batch file, command file, or shell script) and submitted for execution as a single unit.

7.
Originally the instructions regarding the system software needed for a
program were given to the human operator. Today the instructions are
given directly to the computer through OS commands that are part of
the file containing the program. Today, batch processing has come to
mean a system in which programs and system resources are coordinated and
executed without interaction between the user and the program.
8.
Time sharing is the operation of a computer system by several users for different operations
at the same time.

9.
Timesharing (or multitasking) is a logical extension of multiprogramming. In time-sharing
systems, the CPU executes multiple jobs by switching among them, but the switches occur so
frequently that the users can interact with each program while it is running.

10.
Users have the illusion of having a personal private computer machine

11.
The illusion created in a timesharing situation is that the user owns a single hypothetical
machine. The hypothetical machine illustrates the important features of the single machine the
user needs.

12.
Each user is represented by a login process that runs on the mainframe. When the user
runs a program, another process is created that competes for CPU time with other processes. The
rationale is that the computer is so fast that it can handle multiple users without anyone having to
wait.

13.
real-time system is A a system in which the speed of an answer is crucial.

14.
Response time is how long it takes to get an answer. The expression comes from the delay
between receiving a stimulus (asking a question) and producing a response (answering the
question).

15.
Time is critical in many real-time situations, so the response time must be kept to a
minimum.

16.
The OS must keep track of where and how a program resides in memory and convert
logical program addresses into actual memory addresses.

17.
A physical address is an actual address in the computer's main memory device. A logical
address is an address relative to the program. A logical address is sometimes called a relative
address for obvious reasons.

18.
Address binding is the mapping of a logical address into a physical address.

19.
Static and dynamic partitions: More than one program is loaded into memory with the OS at
the same time. Each application program is given its own partition of memory.
Paging: Main memory is divided into fixed-sized blocks called frames and processes are divided
into fixed-sized blocks called pages. Any number of programs can be loaded with the OS, but a
process does not necessarily have to be in contiguous memory and not all of a process need be in
memory at the same time.

20.
Memory is divided into two sections, one for the operating system and one for the
application program.

21.
The sizes of the partitions are fixed in a fixed partition scheme, although they are not
necessarily the same size. In a dynamic partition scheme, the partitions are allocated as needed.

22.

23.
a. 9223
39438
b. 2302
32517
c. 7044
37259

24.
a. 104
43097
b. 1755
44748
c. 3041
Address out of bounds of partition.

25.

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