Chapter 6

Case Studies
 Distributed OS
 A distributed operating system is system software over a
collection of independent, networked, communicating, and
physically separate computational nodes. They handle jobs
which are serviced by multiple CPUs.
 Multiple central processors are used by Distributed
systems to serve multiple real-time applications and
multiple users. Accordingly, Data processing jobs are
distributed among the processors.
 Processors communicate with each other through various
communication lines (like high-speed buses or telephone
lines). These are known as loosely coupled systems or
distributed systems. Processors in this system may vary
in size and function. They are referred as sites, nodes,
computers, and so on.
Distributed OS
 Distributed OS
 Advantages
 With resource sharing facility, a user at one site may be able to
use the resources available at another.
 Speedup the exchange of data with one another via electronic
mail.
 Failure of one site in a distributed system doesn’t affect the
others, the remaining sites can potentially continue operating.
 Better service to the customers.
 Reduction of the load on the host computer.
 Reduction of delays in data processing.
 Real Time OS ( RTOS)
 Real time operating systems (RTOS) are used in
environments where a large number of events, mostly
external to the computer system, must be accepted and
processed in a short time or within certain deadlines.
such applications are industrial control, telephone
switching equipment, flight control, and real time
simulations.
 The real time operating systems can be of 2 types –
 Hard Real Time operating system
 Soft real time operating system:
 Real Time OS ( RTOS)
 Hard Real Time operating system:
These operating systems guarantee that critical tasks be
completed within a range of time.
 For example, a robot is hired to weld a car body, if
robot welds too early or too late, the car cannot be
sold, so it is a hard real time system that require to
complete car welding by robot hardly on the time.
 Real Time OS ( RTOS)
 Soft real time operating system:
This operating systems provides some relaxation in time
limit.
 For example – Multimedia systems, digital audio
system etc. Explicit, programmer- defined and
controlled processes are encountered in real time
systems. A separate process is changed with handling a
single external event. The process is activated upon
occurrence of the related event signaled by an
interrupt.
 Real Time OS ( RTOS)
 Multitasking operation is accomplished by scheduling
processes for execution independently of each other.
 Each process is assigned a certain level of priority that
corresponds to the relative importance of the event that it
services.
 The processor is allocated to the highest priority
processes. This type of scheduling, called, priority based
preemptive scheduling is used by real time systems.
 Real Time OS ( RTOS)
 Advantages:

 Maximum consumption –
Maximum utilization of devices and system. Thus more
output from all the resources.
 Focus On Application –
Focus on running applications and less importance to
applications which are in queue.
 Real Time Operating System In Embedded System –
Since size of programs are small, RTOS can also be
embedded systems like in transport and others.
 Error Free –
These types of systems are error free.
 Memory Allocation –
Memory allocation is best managed in these type of systems.
 Real Time OS ( RTOS)
 Disadvantages:

 Limited Tasks –
Very few task run at the same time and their concentration is very less on
few applications to avoid errors.
 Use Heavy System Resources –
Sometimes the system resources are not so good and they are expensive
as well.
 Complex Algorithms –
The algorithms are very complex and difficult for the designer to write
on.
 Device Driver And Interrupt signals –
It needs specific device drivers and interrupt signals to response earliest to
interrupts.
 XV6 OS
 Xv6 a simple, Unix-like teaching operating system
developed in the summer of 2006 by MIT's
 Provides the basic interfaces introduced by Ken
Thompson and Dennis Ritchie’s Unix operating
system, as well as mimicking Unix’s internal design.
 Provides Process Management, synchronization,
memory management, File Management
Functionalities.
 Reference- https://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.828/2012/xv6/book-
rev7.pdf
 Mobile OS

 A mobile operating system is an operating system that helps to run

other application software on mobile devices. It is the same kind of
software as the famous computer operating systems like Linux and
Windows, but now they are light and simple to some extent.

 The operating systems found on smartphones include Symbian OS,

iPhone OS, RIM's BlackBerry, Windows Mobile, Palm WebOS,
Android, and Maemo. Android, WebOS, and Maemo are all derived
from Linux. The iPhone OS originated from BSD and NeXTSTEP,
which are related to Unix.

 It combines the beauty of computer and hand use devices. It

typically contains a cellular built-in modem and SIM tray for
telephony and internet connections. If you buy a mobile, the
manufacturer company chooses the OS for that specific device.
 Reference-
 https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper/A-Study-on-Current-Mobile-
Operating-Systems.pdf