PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]

1 Civil Engineering
.General Aptitude.
Question 1
Select the word that fits the analogy :
Fuse : Fusion :: Use : _______
(A) Usage (B) User (C) Uses (D) Usion
Ans. (A)
Question 2
Insert seven numbers between 2 and 34, such that the resulting sequence including 2 and 34 is an
arithmetic progression. The sum of these inserted seven numbers is _______.
(A) 130 (B) 120 (C) 124 (D) 126
Ans. (D)
Sol. The resulting sequence after inserting 7 terms
2, A1 , A2 , A3 ,......, A7 , 34
T9 = 34
a + (n − 1)d = 34
2 + (9 − 1)d = 34
8d = 32
d =4
So, the inserted sequence
6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30
 6 + 30 
Sum =   × 7 = 126
 2 
Hence, the correct option is (D).
Question 3
The sum of two positive numbers is 100. After subtracting 5 from each number, the product of the resulting
numbers is 0. One of the original numbers is _______.
(A) 90 (B) 80 (C) 95 (D) 85
Ans. (C)
Sol. Let, two positive numbers are a and b,
According to question,
a + b = 100 … (i)
(a − 5)(b − 5) = 0 … (ii)
(a − 5)(b − 5) is zero only when (a − 5) or (b − 5) is zero
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
2 Civil Engineering
Assuming,
(a − 5) = 0
a=5
b = 95
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Question 4
If 0, 1, 2, , 7, 8 ,9 are coded as O, P, Q, , V, W, X, then 45 will be coded as _______.
(A) SU (B) ST (C) SS (D) TS
Ans. (B)
Sol. The given codes are
0 O
1 P
2 Q
3 R
4 S
5 T
6 U
7 V
8 W
9 X
So, the codes for 45 → ST
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Question 5
The total expenditure of a family, on different activities in a month, is shown in the pie-chart. The extra
money spent on education as compared to transport (in percent) is _______.

5% Health (5%)
10% Transport (10%)
25% Household items (15%)
Education (15%)
15% Leisure (10%)
20% House Rent (20%)
15% Others (25%)
10%

(A) 100 (B) 50 (C) 33.3 (D) 5

Ans. (B)
Sol. Money spent on education = 15 %
Money spent on transport = 10 %
Money spent on eduction 15
= = 1.5
Money spent on transport 10
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
3 Civil Engineering
Money spent on education = 1.5 (Money spent on transport)
So, money spent on education is 50 % more than money spent on transport.
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Question 6
Five friends P, Q, R, S and T went camping. At night, they had to sleep in a row inside the tent. P, Q, and
T refused to sleep next to R since he snored loudly. P and S wanted to avoid Q as he usually hugged people
in sleep.
Assuming everyone was satisfied with the sleeping arrangements, what is the order in which they slept?
(A) RSPTQ (B) QRSPT (C) QTSPR (D) SPRTQ
Ans. (A)
Sol. Option (B) RSPTQ is correct choice because both conditions are fulfilled in option (B)
1. P, Q and T are not next to R.
2. P and S are not next to Q.
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Question 7
The unit’s place in 26591749110016 is _______.
(A) 9 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 6
Ans. (C)
Sol. (26591749)110016 = (26591749) 2 k
= 92
= 81
So, the unit digit is 1
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Question 8
His hunger for reading is insatiable. He reads indiscriminately. He is most certainly a/an _______ reader.
(A) voracious (B) precocious (C) wise (D) all-round
Ans. (A)
Sol. Voracious : Engaging in an activity with great eagerness or enthusiasm.
Question 9
The American psychologist Howard Gardner expounds that human intelligence can be sub-categorised
into multiple kinds, in such a way that individuals differ with respect to their relative competence in each
kind. Based on this theory, modern educationists insist on prescribing multi-dimensional curriculum and
evaluation parameters that enable development and assessment of multiple intelligences.
Which of the following statements can be inferred from the given text?
(A) Howard Gardner insists that the teaching curriculum and evaluation needs to be multi-dimensional.
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
4 Civil Engineering
(B) Modern educationists insist that the teaching curriculum and evaluation needs to be multi-
dimensional.
(C) Modern educationists want to develop and assess the theory of multiple intelligences.
(D) Howard Gardner wants to develop and assess the theory of multiple intelligences.
Ans. (A)
Question 10
It is a common criticism that most of the academicians live in their _______, so, they are not aware of the
real life challenges.
(A) glass palaces
(B) homes
(C) big flats
(D) ivory towers
Ans. (D)
Sol. To live or be in ivory tower means “that not to known about or to want to avoid the orginary and
unpleasant things that happen in people’s life”.

.Technical Section.
Question 1
x2 − 5x + 4
The value of lim is
x →∞ 4 x 2 + 2 x

1 1
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D) 0
4 2
Ans. (A)
Sol. Applying L-hospital rule
 2x − 5  ∞
= lim  =
x→∞ 8 x + 5
  ∞
2 1
= lim   =
x→∞ 8
  4
Question 2
An amount of 35.67 mg HCl is added to distilled water and the total solution volume is made to one litre.
The atomic weights of H and Cl are 1 and 35.5, respectively. Neglecting the dissociation of water, the pH
of the solution, is
(A) 2.50 (B) 3.50 (C) 2.01 (D) 3.01
Ans. (D)
Sol. HCl → H + + Cl −
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
5 Civil Engineering
36.5 → 1
1
1 unit →
36.5
Given 35.67 mg of HCl s
1
H+ → × 35.67
36.5
H + → 0.9772 mg
For pH  H +  should be in mol/litre
0.9772
 H +  = ×10−3
1
pH = − log10  H + 

pH = − log10 0.9772 ×10−3 

pH = 3.01
Question 3
Consider the planar truss shown in the figure (not drawn to the scale)
L L L

Neglecting self-weight of the members, the number of zero-force members in the truss under the action
of the load P, is
(A) 7 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9
Ans. (C)
Sol.
G E C A

B
D
F P
Take joint A
FAC

FAB
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
6 Civil Engineering
ΣFx = 0, ΣFy = 0
FAC = 0, FAB = 0
Similarly, take joint B
FBD = FBC = 0
Similarly, take joint C
FCE = FCD = 0
Take joint D
FDE

FDF
P
ΣFy = 0, ΣFy = 0
FDE = P, FDF = 0
Truss reduce (it is 1 degree indeterminate)
G l E

P
l

Take redundant as vertical support

P P E

P
P P 2

F
Applied unit load at 1 as shown in figure (at redundant)
G E

1
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
7 Civil Engineering
ΣPUl P × 1× l
X =− 2
=− 2
ΣU l 1 ×l
X = −P
Force in member GF = FGF + Ux
Force in member GF = FGF + Ux
= P − (− P ×1)
=0

0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0

No. of zero force member is 8.

Question 4
A road in a hilly terrain is to be laid at a gradient of 4.5%. A horizontal curve of radius 100 m is laid at a
location on this road. Gradient needs to be eased due to combination of curved horizontal and vertical
profiles of the road. As per IRC, the compensated gradient (in %, round off to one decimal place), is
_______.
Ans. (4)
Sol. Gradient = 4.5%
Radius ( R ) = 100 m
30 + R 
=
R 
Grade compensation 
75 
>/
R 
30 + 100 75
= >/ = 1.3% >/ 0.75
100 100
G.C. = 0.75
Compensated Gradient = Gradient – G. C.
= 4.5% − 0.75
= 3.75% </ 4%
Hence Compensated gradient = 4%
Question 5
A planar elastic structure is subjected to uniformly distributed load, as shown in the figure (not drawn to
the scale)
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
8 Civil Engineering
12 kN/m

2.4 m

Parabolic profile

8.0 m

Neglecting self-weight, the maximum bending moment generated in the structure (in kN.m, round off to
the nearest integer), is _______.
Ans. 96
wL 12 × 8
Sol. VA = VB = = = 48 kN
2 2
As horizontal thrust is zero so it behaves like a beam (curved beam)
wL2 12 × 82
M max = (At crown) = = 96 kNm
8 8
Question 6
The probability that a 50 year flood may NOT occur at all during 25 years life of a project (round off to
two decimal places), is _______.
Ans. (0.603)
Sol. T = 50 year
1
P=
50
 1 
q = 1 − 
 50 
For food may not occur
P = n Cr P r q n−r
r = 0 and n = 25
0 25
 1   1 
P = 25 C0   1 − 
 50   50 
25
 49 
P= 
 50 
P = 0.603
Question 7
Velocity of flow is proportional to the first power of hydraulic gradient in Darcy’s law. This law is
applicable to
(A) transitional flow in porous media
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
9 Civil Engineering
(B) laminar flow in porous media
(C) laminar as well as turbulent flow in porous media
(D) turbulent flow in porous media
Ans. (B)
Sol. Darcy’s law is applicable only for laminar flow in porous medium.
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Question 8
During chlorination process, aqueous (aq) chlorine reacts rapidly with water to form Cl− , HOCl, and H +
as shown below
Cl2 (aq) + H 2 O  HOCl + Cl− + H +
The most active disinfectant in the chlorination process from amongst the following, is
(A) H + (B) H 2 O (C) Cl− (D) HOCl
Ans. (D)
Sol.
pH >5

Cl2 + H 2O  HOCl + HCl
hypochlorous
acid

pH >8
HOCl 
=  +
 H + OCl
−
pH <7
(Unstable, hence
breakdown at higher
pH)

● At pH < 5, chlorine does not react with water and remains as free chlorine.
● ( HOCl + OCl − + Cl2 ) are combinedly called freely available chlorine. Out of these forms of freely
available chlorine, HOCl is most destructive. It is 80 % more effective than OCl − ion. Hence, pH of
water should be maintained slightly below 7.
Question 9
In a two-dimensional stress analysis, the state of stress at a point P is
σ xx τ xy 
[σ] = 
 τ xy σ yy 
The necessary and sufficient condition for existence of the state of pure shear at the point P, is
(A) σ xx + σ yy = 0 (B) τ xy = 0

(C) σ xx σ yy − τ2xy = 0 (D) (σ xx − σ yy ) 2 + 4τ2xy = 0

PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
10 Civil Engineering
Ans. (A)
Sol. Given,
σ xx τ xy 
σ=
 τ xy σ yy 
For the state of pure shear, the centre of Mohr’s circle coincides with origin. Also the principal stresses
are equal to shear stress
Hence,
2 2
σ xx + σ yy  σ − σ yy  2  σ xx − σ yy  2
±  xx  + τ xy =   + τ xy
2  2   2 
Let us take positive sign into consideration,
σ xx + σ yy
=0
2
σ xx + σ yy = 0
Question 10
During the process of hydration of cement, due to increase in Dicalcium Silicate (C 2S) content in cement
clinker, the heat of hydration
(A) increases
(B) initially decreases and then increases
(C) does not change
(D) decreases
Ans. (D)
Sol. Due to increase in C2 S heat of hydration decreases.
Question 11
In an urban area, a median is provided to separate the opposing streams of traffic. As per IRC : 86-1983,
the desirable minimum width (in m, expressed as integer) of the median, is _______.
Ans. 5
Sol. As per IRC : 86-1983
Desirable minimum width of median in urban roads = 5 m
Question 12
The data for an agricultural field for a specific month are given below :
Pan Evaporation = 100 mm
Effective Rainfall = 20 mm (after deducting losses due to runoff and deep percolation)
Crop Coefficient = 0.4
Irrigation Efficiency = 0.5
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
11 Civil Engineering
The amount of irrigation water (in mm) to be applied to the field in that month, is
(A) 40 (B) 0 (C) 80 (D) 20
Ans. (A)
Sol. Water required by crop = 100 × 0.4 mm = 40 mm
Effective rainfall = 20 mm
Additional water required = 20 mm
20
Amount of water required after accounting irrigation efficiency = = 40 mm
0.5
Question 13
A reinforcing steel bar, partially embedded in concrete, is subjected to a tensile force P. The figure that
appropriately represents the distribution of the magnitude of bond stress (represented as hatched region),
along the embedded length of the bar, is

P
(A)

P
(B)

P
(C)

P
(D)
Ans. (D)
Q.14 Uniform flow with velocity U makes an angle θ with the y-axis, as shown in the figure
y
q
U

The velocity potential (φ) , is

(A) ± U ( x sin θ + y cos θ) (B) ± U ( x sin θ − y cos θ)
(C) ± U ( y sin θ − x cos θ) (D) ± U ( y sin θ + x cos θ)
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
12 Civil Engineering
Ans. (A)
Sol. Velocity in x-depth, u x = u sin θ
Velocity in y-depth, u y = u cos θ
∂φ
− = ux
∂x
Integrating it,
φ = −u x x + f ( x) + C
= −(u sin θ) x + f ( y ) + C … (i)
−∂φ
= = uy
∂y
Integrating it,
φ = −u y y + f ( x) + C
= −(u cos θ) y + f ( x) + C … (ii)
By equation (i) and (ii),
φ = −u ( x sin θ + y cos θ)
∂φ ∂φ
If we take = u x and = uy
∂x ∂y
Then, φ = u ( x sin θ + y cos θ)
φ = ±u ( x sin θ + y cos θ)
Q.15 A 4 m wide rectangular channel carries 6 m 3 /s of water. The Manning’s ‘n’ of the open channel is 0.02.
Considering g = 9.81m/s 2 , the critical velocity of flow (in m/s, round off to two decimal places) in the
channel, is ____.
Ans. (2.45)
Sol. Q = 6 m3 /s, B = 4 m, n = 0.02, g = 9.81 m/s 2
For critical flow, f r = 1
Vc
fr = =1
g yc
1/3
 q2 
yc =  
 g 
Q 6
q= = = 1.5 m 3
B 4
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
13 Civil Engineering
1/3
 (1.5) 2 
yc =   = 0.612 m
 9.81 
Vc = g yc = 9.81× 0.612 = 2.4m/s
Q.16 In the following partial differential equation, θ is a function of t and z , and D and K are functions of θ
∂ 2θ ∂K (θ) ∂θ
D (θ) 2 + − =0
∂z ∂z ∂t
The above equation is
(A) a second order non-linear equation
(B) a second degree linear equation
(C) a second degree non-linear equation
(D) a second order linear equation
Ans. (A)
Sol. In first term of given D = f (θ)
Equation contains product of dependent variable with it’s derivative, so it is non-linear.
We have 2nd order derivative hence, option (A) second degree non-linear equation.
Q.17 A river has a flow of 1000 million litres per day (MLD), BOD5 of 5mg/litre and Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
level of 8 mg/litre before receiving the wastewater discharge at a location. For the existing environmental
conditions, the saturation DO level is 10 mg/litre in the river. Wastewater discharge of 100 MLD with the
BOD5 of 200 mg/litre and DO level of 2 mg/litre falls at that location. Assuming complete mixing of
wastewater and river water, the immediate DO deficit (in mg/litre, round off to two decimal places), is
____.
Ans. (2.55)
DOsQs + DORQR
Sol. DOmix =
Qs + QR
2 × 100 + 8 × 1000
= = 7.45 mg/l
100 + 1000
DO = DOsat − DOmix
= 10 − 7.45
= 2.545 mg/l
Q.18 A body floating in a liquid is in a stable state of equilibrium if its
(A) Metacentre lies above its centre of gravity
(B) Metacentre lies below its centre of gravity
(C) Metacentre coincides with its centre of gravity
(D) Centre of gravity is below its centre of buoyancy
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
14 Civil Engineering
Ans. (A)
Q.19 In a drained triaxial compression test, a sample of sand fails at deviator stress of 150 kPa under confining
pressure of 50 kPa . The angle of internal friction (in degree, round off to the nearest integer) of the sample,
is _______.
Ans. (37)
Sol. Given :
σ3 = 50 kPa
σ1 = σ3 + σd
= 150 + 50
= 200 kPa

150 150

0
1 + sin φ 1 + sin φ
σ1 = σ3 + 2C {bcz.c = 0}
1 − sin φ 1 − sin φ
1 + sin φ
200 = 50
1 − sin φ
 φ
4 = tan 2  450 + 
 2
 φ
2 = tan  450 + 
 2
 φ
tan −1 2 =  45 + 
 2
∴ φ = 36.870
So, the angle of internal friction to the nearest integer is 37 0 .
x2 y 2
Q.20 The area of an ellipse represented by an equation 2 + 2 = 1 is
a b
πab
(A) πab (B)
4
4πab πab
(C) (D)
3 2
Ans. (A)
Sol.
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
15 Civil Engineering

b
+ − x2 + a2
a s
Area =   (1)dydx =   (1)dydx
x =− a y =− b − x 2 + a 2
a

b 2 2
a −x
a a
=4  (1) dydx
x =0 y =0

b 2 2
a −x
a a
=4  dx
x =0 y =0

= πab
Q.21 The true value of ln(2) is 0.69. If the value of ln (2) is obtained by linear interpolation between ln (1) and
ln (6) , the percentage of absolute error (round off to the nearest integer), is
(A) 35 (B) 69
(C) 48 (D) 84
Ans. (C)
Sol. True value ln (2) = 0.69
ln(1) 0
ln(6) 1.79
Method of interpolation
1.79 − 0
Actual value = × (2 − 1) = 0.358
(6 − 1)
True value − Actual value
% error = × 100
True value
0.69 − 0.358
= × 100
0.69
= 48.11%
Q.22 In a soil investigation work at a site, Standard Penetration Test (SPT) was conducted at every 1.5 m interval
up to 30 m depth. At 3 m depth, the observed number of hammer blows for three successive 150 mm
penetrations were 8, 6 and 9, respectively. The SPT N- value at 3m depth, is
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
16 Civil Engineering
(A) 17 (B) 15
(C) 14 (D) 23
Ans. (B)
Sol. No, of blows for each 150 mm penetration 8, 6 and 9
Not consider first 150 mm number of blows.
Hence, for last 300 mm, number of blows are 15.
Hence, observed SPT number = 15
Q.23 The Los Angles test for stone aggregates is used to examine
(A) soundness (B) abrasion resistance
(C) specific gravity (D) crushing strength
Ans. (B)
Q.24 Which one of the following statements is NOT correct?
(A) The ultimate bearing capacity of a strip foundation supported on the surface of sandy soil increases
in direct proportion to the width of footing.
(B) A clay deposit with a liquidity index greater than unity is in a state of plastic consistency.
(C) The cohesion of normally consolidated clay is zero when triaxial test is conducted under consolidated
undrained condition.
(D) In case of a point load, Boussinesq’s equation predicts higher value of vertical stress at a point directly
beneath the load as compared to Westergaard’s equation.
Ans. (B)
Sol. A clay deposit with liquidty index greater than 1, will be in liquid stage of consistency.
Wn − W p
IL = >1
WL − W p
Wn > WL
Q.25 A fully submerged infinite sandy slope has an inclination of 300 with the horizontal. The saturated unit
weight and effective angle of internal friction of sand are 18 kN/m3 and 380 , respectively. The unit weight
of water is 10 kN/m3 .Assume that the seepage is parallel to the slope. Against shear failure of the slope,
the factor of safety (round off to two decimal places) is________.
Ans. (0.60)
Sol. β = 300
γ sat = 18 kN/m3
φ = 380
Seepage is parallel to slope
γ ' tan φ 18 − 10 tan 380
FOS = = = 0.601
γ sat tan β 18 tan 300
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
17 Civil Engineering
Q.26 A vertical retaining wall of 5 m height has to support soil having unit weight of 18 kN/m3 , effective
cohesion of 12 kN/m 2 and effective friction angle of 300 . As per Rankine’s earth pressure theory and
assuming that a tension crack has occurred, the lateral active thrust on the wall per meter length (in kN/m
, round off the two decimal places), is _______.
Ans. (21.71)
Sol.
2C K a

zc
5m HC

When tension crack has occurred –

1 2C 2
Pa = K a γH 2 − 2CH K a +
2 γ
1 − sin φ 1
Ka = =
1 + sin φ 3
γ = 18 kN/m 3
C = 12 kN/m 3
φ = 300

1 1 2 1 2 × 122
Pa = × ×18 × 5 − 2 ×12 × 5 +
2 3 3 18
= 75 − 69.28 + 16
= 21.72 kPa
Q.27 A continuous function f ( x) is defined. If the third derivative at xi is to be computed by using the fourth
order central finite-divided-difference scheme (with step length = h), the correct formula is
f ( xi+3 ) − 8 f ( xi+2 ) + 13 f ( xi+1 ) + 13 f ( xi−1 ) − 8 f ( xi−2 ) − f ( xi−3 )
(A) f "'( xi ) =
8 h3
f ( xi +3 ) − 8 f ( xi + 2 ) − 13 f ( xi +1 ) + 13 f ( xi −1 ) + 8 f ( xi − 2 ) + f ( xi −3 )
(B) f "'( xi ) =
8 h3
− f ( xi +3 ) − 8 f ( xi + 2 ) − 13 f ( xi +1 ) + 13 f ( xi −1 ) + 8 f ( xi − 2 ) − f ( xi −3 )
(C) f "'( xi ) =
8 h3
− f ( xi +3 ) + 8 f ( xi + 2 ) − 13 f ( xi +1 ) + 13 f ( xi −1 ) − 8 f ( xi − 2 ) + f ( xi −3 )
(D) f "'( xi ) =
8 h3
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
18 Civil Engineering
Ans. (D)
∂ 3u −ui+3 + 8ui+2 − 13ui+1 + 13ui−1 − 8ui−2 + ui−3
Sol. =
∂x3 xi
8Δh3

− f ( xi+3 ) + 8 f ( xi+2 ) − 13 f ( xi+1 ) + 13 f ( xi−1 ) − 8 f ( xi−2 ) + f ( xi − 3)

f '''( xi ) =
8h 3
Q.28 A dowel bar is placed at a contraction joint. When contraction occurs, the concrete slab cracks at
predetermined location(s). Identify the arrangement, which shows the correct placement of dowel bar and
the place of occurrence of the contraction crack (s).

d/3 to d/4
d Dowel bar
Contraction crack
(A)

d/3 to d/4
d Dowel bar
Contraction
crack
(B)

d/3 to d/4
d/2
d
Dowel bar Contraction crack
(C)

d/3 to d/4
d/2 Dowel bar
d
Contraction
crack
(D)
Ans. (C)
Q.29 A gaseous chemical has a concentration of 41.6 μmol/m 3 in air at 1 atm pressure and temperature 293K .
The universal gas constant R is 82.05 ×10−6 (m 3atm) / (mol K) . Assuming that ideal gas law is valid, the
concentration of the gaseous chemical (in ppm, round off to one decimal place), is ____.
Ans. (1)
Sol. PV = nRT
nRT
V=
P
41.6 ×10−6 × 82.05 ×10−6
= × 293
1
= 10 −6 m 3
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
19 Civil Engineering
41.6 μ mole of gas volume of 10 −6 m 3
1 part of gas
1 ppm =
106 parts of air
41.6 ×106 μ moles
1 ppm =
106 m3
1 ppm = 41.6 μ moles/m3
Q.30 Water flows in the upward direction in a tank through 2.5 m thick sand layer as shown in the figure. The
void ratio and specific gravity of sand are 0.58 and 2.7, respectively. The sand is fully saturated. Unit
weight of water is 10 kN/m3 .

1.2 m
Outward flow

1m Water

Sand
2.5m
1m A

filtermedia

Inward flow
The effective stress (in kPa, round off to two decimal places) at point A, located 1 m above the base of
tank, is _______.
Ans. (8.93)
Sol. Δh = 1.2 m, z = 1.5 m, L = 2.5 m
 G −1  2.7 − 1
γ' =   γw = ×10 = 10.76 kN/m3
 1+ e  1 + 0.58
1.2
σ A' = γ ' Z − iZ γ w = 10.76(1.5) − (1.5)(10)
2.5
= 16.14 − 7.2 = 8.94 kN/m 2
Q.31 An open traverse PQRST is surveyed using theodolite and the consecutive coordinates obtained are given
in the table
Line Consecutive Coordinates

Northing Southing Easting Westing

(m) (m) (m) (m)
PQ 110.2 - 45.5 -
QR 80.6 - - 60.1
RS - 90.7 - 70.8
ST - 105.4 55.5 -
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
20 Civil Engineering
If the independent coordinates (Northing, Easting) of station P are (400 m, 200 m), the independent
coordinates (in m) of station T, are
(A) 405.3, 229.9 (B) 205.3, 429.9
(C) 194.7, 370.1 (D) 394.7, 170.1
Ans. (D)
Sol. ΣL = 190.8 − 196.1 = −5.3
ΣD = 101 − 130.9 = −29.9
P (400 m, 200 m)
Co-ordinate of T are = (400 − 5.3, 200 − 29.9)
= (394.7, 170.1)
Q.32 The flange and web plates of the doubly symmetric built-up section are connected by continuous 10 mm
thick fillet welds as shown in the figure (not drawn to the scale). The moment of inertia of the section
about its principal axis X-X is 7.73 ×106 mm4 . The permissible shear stress in the fillet welds is100 N/mm 2
. The design shear strength of the section is governed by the capacity of the fillet welds.
100 mm

10 mm

120 mm
X X

10 mm fillet weld (typical)

The maximum shear force (in kN, round off to one decimal place) that can be carried by the section,
is______.
Ans. (393.5)
FAy
Sol. q=
I ×b
b = 4t = 4 × 0.7 ×10 = 28
F × (100 × 10) × 55
100 =
7.73 × 106 × 28
F = 393.527 kN
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
21 Civil Engineering
Q.33 A cantilever beam PQ of uniform flexural rigidity (EI) is subjected to a concentrated moment M at R as
shown in the figure
R
P
Q
M L/2
L

The deflection at the free end Q is

3ML2 ML2 3ML2 ML2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 EI 6 EI 8EI 4 EI
Ans. (C)
Sol.
R
P
Q
M L/2
L

Deflection diagram
P R Q
Ml 2
2 EI
Ml
qR
2 EI
2
l l
M  M 
2 l
=   +   
2
2 EI EI  2 
Ml 2 Ml 2
= +
8 EI 4 EI
Ml 2 + 2 Ml 2
=
8 EI
3Ml 2
=
8 EI
Q.34 Consider the system of equations
1 3 2 1 
2   x1   
 2 −3     1 
x2 =
4 4 −6     2 
   x3   
2 5 2    1 
The value of x3 (round off to the nearest integer), is ______.
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
22 Civil Engineering
Ans. (3)
1 3 2 : 1
2 2 −3 : 1 
Sol. [ A : B ] = 
4 4 −6 : 2
 
3 5 2 : 1
Echelon form
1 3 2 : 1  1 3 2  1
0 −1 −2     x1   
: −1 0 −1 −2     −1
= = x2 =
0 0 1 : 0  0 0 1     3 
     x3   
0 0 0 : 0  0 0 0     0 
 x3 = 3
Q.35 A simply supported prismatic concrete beam of rectangular cross- section, having a span of 8 m, is
prestressed with an effective prestressing force of 600 kN . The eccentricity of the prestressing tendon is
zero at supports and varies linearly to a value of e at the mid-span. In order to balance an external
concentrated load of 12 kN applied at the mid-span, the required value of e (in mm, round off to the nearest
integer) of the tendon, is ______.
Ans. (40)
Sol.
12 kN

P P = 600 kN

8m

Wl
P cos θ× e =
4
12 × 8
60 × 1× 2 =
4
24
e= × 100
600
e = 40 mm
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
23 Civil Engineering
Q.36 The total stress paths corresponding to different loading conditions, for a soil specimen under the
isotropically consolidated stress state (O), are shown below
q = s1 - s3
s1
S R

O s1 + 2s3
p= s3 s3
3

Q P

s1

Stress Path Loading Condition

OP I-Compression loading ( σ1 − increasing; σ3 − constant)
OQ II-Compression unloading ( σ1 − constant; σ3 − decreasing)
OR III-Extension unloading ( σ1 − decreasing; σ3 − constant)
OS IV-Extension loading ( σ1 − constant; σ3 − increasing)
The correct match between the stress paths and the listed loading conditions, is
(A) OP-III, OQ-II, OR-I, OS-IV
(B) OP-I, OQ-II, OR-IV, OS-III
(C) OP-IV, OQ-III, OR-I, OS-II
(D) OP-I, OQ-III, OR-II, OS-IV
Ans. (C)
Sol. I. Compression loading

OR

s3 s1 s1' s1''

II. Compression unloading

OS

s3'' s3' s3 s1
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
24 Civil Engineering
III. Extension unloading

OQ

s3 s1'' s1' s1

IV. Extension loading

OS

s3 s3 ' s3 '' s1 s n

Q.37 Distributed load (s) of 50kN/m may occupy any position (s) (either continuously or in patches) on the
girder PQRST as shown in the figure (not drawn to the scale)
P Q R S T

1.5m 3m 2m 1.5m
The maximum negative (hogging) bending moment (in kN.m) that occurs at point R, is
(A) 150.00 (B) 56.25 (C) 22.50 (D) 93.75
Ans. (B)
Sol. ILD for M s
50 kN/m

P Q S T

1.5m
ILD Ms
q =1

1 
∴ M max at support = −  × 1.5 × 1.5 × 50 
2 
= −56.25 kN-m or 56.25 kN-m (hogging)
ILD for BM at the centre of span ‘QS’
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
25 Civil Engineering
50 kN/m

P Q C S T

1.5m 2.5m 2.5m 1.5m

(+) 1.25
( -) ( -)
0.75 0.75

1 
M c = −  × 1.5 × 0.75 × 50  × 2
2 
= −56.25 kN-m or 56.25 kN-m (hogging)
So, it can be concluded that for maximum hogging moment, overhang span (PQ & ST) can be loaded
and because of symmetry, magnitude of maximum hogging moment remains same throughout span QS.
Q.38 Water flows at the rate of 12m3 /s in a 6 m wide rectangular channel. A hydraulic jump is formed in the
channel at a point where the upstream depth is 30 cm (just before the jump). Considering acceleration
due to gravity as 9.81m/s 2 and density of water as 1000 kg/m3 , the energy loss in the jump is
(A) 114.2 MW (B) 141.2 J/s (C) 114.2 kW (D) 141.2 h.p
Ans. (C)
Sol. Assuming channel bed to be horizontal and frictionless,
12
q= = 2 m3 /s/m
6

Y2

Y1= 0.3 m

1/2
 q2 
Initial Froude No. ( Fr ) =  3 
 gY1 
1/2
 22 
= 3 
= 3.88
 9.81× 0.3 
From Ballenger’s Momentum equation for a rectangular channel
Y2 1
(
= −1 + 1 + 8 F12
Y1 2
)
=
1
2
(
−1 + 1 + 8 × 3.882 = 5.018)
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
26 Civil Engineering
Y2 = 5.018 × 0.3 = 1.505 m
(Y2 − Y1 )3
Head loss in the jump (hL ) =
4YY1 2

(1.505 − 0.3)3
=
4 ×1.505 × 0.3
= 0.968 m
Power lost in the jump = γ wQhL
= (9.81×12 × 0.968) kW
= 114.04 kW
Q.39 The relationship between traffic flow rate (q) and density (D) is shown in the figure

1
Flow Rate, q

2
7

6
3

4 5

Density, D
The shock wave condition is depicted by
(A) Flow changing from point 3 to point 7 (q3 < q7 )
(B) Flow with respect to point 4 and point 5 (q4 = q5 )
(C) Flow changing from point 2 to point 6 (q2 > q6 )
(D) Flow with respect to point 1 (q1 = qmax )
Ans. (*)
Sol.

Qm Avg. speed of veh.

in crawl behind
Flow Q

QA shock wave

Q 'm Speed of
shock wave

KA K 'j KB Kj Density, D

Concentration, K
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
27 Civil Engineering
Q.40 A stream with a flow rate of 5m3 /s is having an ultimate BOD of 30 mg/litre. A wastewater discharge of
0.20 m3 /s having BOD5 of 500 mg/litre joins the stream at a location and instantaneously gets mixed up
completely. The cross-sectional area of the stream is 40m2 which remains constant. BOD exertion rate
constant is 0.3 per day (logarithm base to e). The BOD (in mg/litre, round off to two decimal place)
remaining at 3km downstream from the mixing location, is _________.
Ans. (49.57)
d
Sol. t=
v
Q + QR 0.2 + 5
Where, v = S = = 0.13 m/sec
A 40
3 ×103
t= = 0.26 days
0.13 × 86400
BOD5 = BODu (1 − e − k×5 )
500
BODu = = 643.66 mg/l
(1 − e −0.3×5 )
QR BODu + QS BODu
DOmix =
QS + QR
5 × 30 + 0.2 × 643.66
= = 53.6 mg/l
5 + 0.2
Lt = L0e − k×t
= 53.6e−0.3×0.26 = 49.57 mg/l
Q.41 Three reservoirs P, Q and R are interconnected by pipes as shown in the figure (not drawn to the scale).
Piezometric head at the junction S of the pipes is 100 m. Assume acceleration due gravity as 9.81m/s 2
and density of water as 1000 kg/m3 . The length of the pipe from junction S to the inlet of reservoir R is
180 m.
Diameter = 30 cm
Flow velocity = 1.98 m/s
Reservoir Reservoir
P Q
10 m

109 m S 106 m

Diameter = 30 cm 90 m
Flow velocity = 2.56 m/s Reservoir
Length = 180 cm R
Diameter = 45 cm

Datum
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
28 Civil Engineering
Considering head loss only due to friction (with friction factor of 0.03 for all the pipes), the height of
water level in the lowermost reservoir R (in m, round off to one decimal place) with respect to the datum
is _______.
Ans. (97.5)
Sol. Apply continuity
Q3 = Q1 + Q2
= AV
1 1 + A2V2

π π
= (0.3) 2 (2.56) + (0.3) 2 (1.98)
4 4
= 0.3209 m3 /s
Apply energy equation between (S) and (R)
H s = Hr + hf
8Q32 fL3
100 = z + ×
π2 g D35
8(0.3209) 2 (0.03)(180)
100 = z + ×
π2 g (0.45)5
z = 97.51 m
Q.42 A water supply scheme transports 10 MLD (Million Litres per Day) water through a 450 mm diameter
pipeline for a distance of 2.5 km. A chlorine dose of 3.50 mg/litre is applied at the starting point of the
pipeline to attain a certain level of disinfection at the downstream end. It is decided to increase the flow
rate from 10 MLD to 13 MLD in the pipeline. Assume exponent for concentration, n = 0.86 . With this
increased flow, in order to attain the same level of disinfection, the chlorine dose (in mg/litre) to be
applied at the starting point should be
(A) 4.75 (B) 3.95 (C) 5.55 (D) 4.40
Ans. (A)
Sol. We know,
tc n = k
n = 0.86
t1 (c1 ) n = t2 (c2 ) n
AL AL
(c1 ) n = (c2 ) n
Q1 Q2
1 1
(3.5)0.86 = (c2 )0.86
10 13
1
0.29636 = (c2 )0.86
13
C2 = 4.748  4.75 mg/L
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
29 Civil Engineering
Q.43 In a homogeneous unconfined aquifer of area 3.00km 2 , the water table was at an elevation of 102.00m.
After a natural recharge of volume 0.90 million cubic meter (Mm3 ) , the water table rose to 103.20m
After this recharge, ground water pumping took place and the water table dropped down to 101.20 m.
The volume of ground water pumped after the natural recharge, expressed (in Mm3 and round off to two
decimal places), is _______.
Ans. (1.5)
Sol.
103.2 m

102 m

101.20 m
3
VR = 0.9 Mm
V = 3 × (103.2 − 102)
= 3 ×1.2 = 3.6 Mm3
VR 0.9
ys or yR = =
V 3.6
V
Now, ys = D
V
0.9
VD = [3 × (103.2 − 101.2)]
3.6
VD = 1.5 Mm 3
Q.44 The lengths and bearings of a traverse PQRS are:
Segment Length (m) Bearing
PQ 40 800
QR 50 100
RS 30 2100
The length of line segment SP (in m, round off to two decimal places), is _____.
Ans. (44.79)
Sol.
Segment Length Bearing Lat. (l cos θ) Dep. (l sin θ)
PQ 40 m 800 6.945 39.392
QR 50 m 100 49.250 8.682
RS 30 m 2100 - 25.980 - 15
SP 1 θ l cos θ l sin θ
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
30 Civil Engineering
ΣL = l cos θ + 30.215 = 0
ΣD = l sin θ + 33.081 = 0
l cos θ = −30.215
l sin θ = −33.081
( 30.215 ) + ( 33.081)
2 2
l= = 44.802 m
Q.45 Surface Overflow Rate (SOR) of a primary settling tank (discrete settling) is 20000 litre/ m2 per day.
Kinematic viscosity of water in the tank is 1.01×10−2 cm2 /s . Specific gravity of the settling particles is
2.64. Acceleration due to gravity is 9.81m/s 2 . The minimum diameter (in μm, round off to one decimal
place) of the particles that will be removed with 80% efficiency in the tank, is ______.
Ans. (14.53)
V
Sol. V = 20 m/day , η = 80% = × 100
V
−3
0.8 × 2000 ×10 (G − 1) γ w d 2
V= = 1.85 × 10−4 m/sec =
86400 18μ
μ
V=
P
μ = 1.02 × 10−2 × 10−4 × 103 = 1.02 × 10−3
−4 (2.64 − 1) × (9.81× 103 ) × d 2
1.85 × 10 =
18 × 1.02 × 10−3
d = 1.453 × 10−5 m = 14.53 μm
Q.46 A rigid weightless platform PQRS shown in the figure (not drawn to the scale) can slide freely in the
vertical direction. The platform is held in position by the weightless member OJ and four weightless,
frictionless rollers, Points O and J are pin connections. A block of 90 kN rests on the platform as shown
in the figure.
1m 4m

Roller (typical) W = 90kN

P Q

1.5m
J Rigid
platform
S R
2m 3m

O
4m
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
31 Civil Engineering
The magnitude of horizontal component of the reaction (in kN) at pin O, is
(A) 150 (B) 120 (C) 90 (D) 180
Ans. (B)
Sol.
4m
90 kN
1m 0.5m
HP
HP 1.5m
1.5m R0
HR
HR
q = 36.87 0
2m
R0

H0

Σy = 0
R0 sin 36.87 − 90 = 0
90
R0 = = 150 kN
sin 3687 0
Horizontal reaction at O = H 0
= R0 cos36.87 = 150 × cos36.87
= 120 kN
Q.47 The singly reinforced concrete beam section shown in the figure (not drawn to the scale) in made of
M25 grade concrete and Fe500 grade reinforcing steel. The total cross-sectional area of the tension steel
is 942mm2 .

450

300
As per Limit State Design of IS 456:2000, the design moment capacity (in kN.m, round off to two
decimal places) of the beam section, is ______.
Ans. (158.27)
Sol. Given section
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
32 Civil Engineering

450

300
2
Ast = 942 mm
f y = 500 N/mm 2
f ck = 25 N/mm 2
Limiting depth of N.A –
xu lim = 0.46 d (For Fe 415)
= 0.46 × 450 = 207 mm
0.87 f y Ast 0.87 × 500 × 942
xu = = = 151.76 mm
0.36 f ck 0.36 × 25 × 300
Section is under – reinforced section
xu < xu lim
M u = 0.36 f ck bxu ( d − 0.42 xu )
M u = 0.36 × 25 × 300 × 151.76(450 − 0.42 × 151.67)
M u = 158.271 kNm
Q.48 If C represents a line segment between (0,0,0) and (1,1,1) in Cartesian coordinate system, the value
(expressed as integer) of the line integral

 [( y + z )dx + ( x + z )dy + ( x + y)dz ] is ______.

C

Ans. (3)
Sol. I =  [ ( ydx + xdy ) + ( zdx + xdz ) + ( zdy + ydz ) ]
c

=  [ d ( xy ) + d ( xz ) + d ( yz ) ]
c

= ( xy + yz + zx)(1,1,1)
(0,0,0)

= (1 + 1 + 1) − (0 + 0 + 0)
=3
Q.49 A circular water tank of 2 m diameter has a circular orifice of diameter 0.1 m at the bottom. Water enters
the tank steadily at a flow rate of 20 litre/s and escapes through the orifice. The coefficient of discharge
of the orifice is 0.8. Consider the acceleration due to gravity as 9.81m/s 2 and neglect frictional losses.
The height of the water level (in m, round off to two decimal places) in the tank at the steady state, is
_______.
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
33 Civil Engineering
Ans. (0.52)
Sol. Discharge through orifice = Water enters in the tank
cd a 2 gH = 20 × 10−3
π
0.8 × (0.1) 2 2 gH = 0.02
4
H = 0.5164 m
Q.50 A 10 m thick clay layer is resting over a 3 m thick sand layer and is submerged. A fill of 2 m thick sand
with unit weight of 20 kN/m3 is placed above the clay layer to accelerate the rate of consolidation of the
clay layer. Coefficient of consolidation of clay is 9 ×10−2 m2 /year and coefficient of volume
compressibility of clay is 2.2 ×10−4 m2 /kN . Assume Taylor’s relation between time factor and average
degrees of consolidation.
Water table

10 m Clay

3m Sand

Impervious stratum
The settlement(in mm, round off to two decimal place) of the clay layer, 10 years after the construction of
the fill, is ______.
Ans. (18.83)
Sol. Δσ = 2 × 20 = 40 kN/m 2
ΔH = mv ΔσH

= 2.2 ×10−4 × 40 ×10 ×103 mm

C × t 9 ×10−2 ×10
Tv = = = 0.036
H2 52
π
Tv = U 2
4
0.036 × 4
U= = 0.214
π
Δh after 10 years = 0.214 × 88 = 18.832 mm
Q.51 A rigid, uniform, weightless, horizontal bar is connected to three vertical members P, Q and R as shown
in the figure (not drawn to the scale). All three members have identical axial stiffness of 10 kN/mm. The
lower end of bars P and R rest on a rigid horizontal surface. When NO load is applied, a gap of 2 mm
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
34 Civil Engineering
exists between the lower end of the bar Q and the rigid horizontal surface. When a vertical load W is
placed on the horizontal bar in the downward direction, the bar still remains horizontal and gets displaced
by 5 mm in the vertically downward direction.
Rigid uniform weightless Horizontal bar

P Q R

gap

Rigid Horizontal Surface

The magnitude of the load W (in kN, round off to the nearest integer), is _______.
Ans. (130)
Sol.

1 2 3

P1 P2 P3

P1 P2 P3 = P1

P1 + P2 + P1 = W
P1 L AE
δ1 = 5 mm = = 10 kN/mm
AE L
P2 L
δ2 = 3 mm =
AE
P1 = 10 × 5 = 50 kN
P2 = 10 × 3 = 30 kN
 W = 2 × (50) + 30 = 130 kN
Q.52 The soil profile at a site up to a depth of 10 m is shown in the figure (not drawn to the scale). The soil is
preloaded with a uniform surcharge (q) of 70 kN/m2 at the ground level. The water table is at a depth of
3 m below ground level. The soil unit weight of the respective layers is shown in the figure. Consider unit
weight of water as 9.81 kN/m3 and assume that the surcharge (q) is applied instantaneously.
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
35 Civil Engineering
q = 70 kN/m 2

Ground level
3m Sand (Bulk unit weight = 18 kN/m 2 )
Ground water table
P
4m Silty clay (Saturated unit weight =20 kN/m3 )

Q
3m Clay (Saturated unit weight = 21 kN/m3 )

Boulder clay
Immediately after preloading, the effective stresses (in kPa) at points P and Q respectively, are
(A) 124 and 204
(B) 54 and 95
(C) 36 and 126
(D) 36 and 90
Ans. (B)
Sol.
q = 70 kN/m 2

Ground level
3m Sand (Bulk unit weight = 18 kN/m )2

Ground water table

P
4m Silty clay (Saturated unit weight =20 kN/m3 )

Q
3m Clay (Saturated unit weight = 21 kN/m3 )

Boulder clay

At point P, q = 70 kN/m 2
rw = 9.81 kN/m3
(3 × 18) + (70 − 70) = 54
At point Q, (3 × 18) + (70) + (4 × 20) − [(70) + (9.81) × 4]
204 − 109.24
94.76 ≈ 95
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
36 Civil Engineering
Q.53 The appropriate design length of a clearway is calculated on the basis of ‘Normal Take-off’ condition.
Which one of the following options correctly depicts the length of the clearway? (Note : None of the
options are drawn to scale)
Airplane
Lift off Flight Path
(A) Runway Point 10.5 m Clearway

875 m > 432 m

1625 m

Airplane
Lift off Flight Path
(B) Runway Point 10.5 m Clearway

875 m < 432 m

1625 m

Airplane
Lift off Flight Path
(C) Runway Point 10.5 m Clearway

875 m < 244 m

1625 m

Airplane
Lift off Flight Path
(D) Runway Point 10.5 m Clearway

875 m > 244 m

1625 m

Ans. (B)
Sol. For normal take off case :
1
Clearway < (1.5 takeoff distance – 1.15 of lift off distance)
2
1
< (1.15 × 1625 − 1.15 × 875)
2
< 431.25 m
d 2x dx dx
Q.54 For the ordinary differential equation 2 − 5 + 6 x = 0 , with initial conditions x(0) = 0 and (0) = 10
dt dt dt
, the solution is
(A) 10e2t + 10e3t (B) 5e2t + 6e3t
(C) −10e2t + 10e3t (D) −5e2t + 6e3t
Ans. (C)
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
37 Civil Engineering
Sol. Auxilary equation is m 2 − 5m + 6 = 0
m = 2, 3
So, C.F. = c1e 2 t + c2 e3t
PI = 0
Solution is x = CE + PI
= C1e 2t + C2 e3t
dx
And = 2C1e 2t + 3C2 e3t
dt
C1 = −10 , C2 = 10
x = −10e 2t + 10e3t
Q.55 Traffic volume count has been collected on a 2-lane road section which needs upgradation due to severe
traffic flow condition. Maximum service flow rate per lane is observed as 1280 veh/h at level of service
‘C’. The Peak Hour Factor is reported as 0.78125. Historical traffic volume count provides Annual
Average Daily Traffic as 12270 veh/day, Directional split of the traffic flow is observed to be 60:40.
Assuming that traffic stream consists of ‘All Cars’ and all drivers are ‘Regular Commuters’, the number
of extra lane(s) (round off to the next higher integer) to be provided, is ______.
Ans. (6)
Sol. Number of the needed given LOS
DDHV
=
PHF × MSF × FHV × f p
Where, DDHV = Directional distribution hour volume
PHF = Peak hour factor
MSF = Maximum service flow rate of Los
FHV = Heavy vehicle familiarity adjustment factor
f p = Road under familiarity adjustment factor
DDHV = 122270 × 0.6 = 7362 Vah/day (0.6 – max. directional distributed)
FHV = f p = 1 as per given condition
7362
N= = 7.362 = 8 lanes
0.78125 × 1280 × 1× 1
Number of extra lanes = 8 − 2 = 6 lanes
