The universe is made up of millions of galaxies and is expanding over time. According to the Doppler effect, the further away galaxies are from Earth, the more their light wavelengths are shifted to the red end of the spectrum (redshift) due to the expansion of the universe. This redshift increases with distance and shows that galaxies are moving farther away from Earth as the universe expands. The cosmic microwave background radiation provides evidence that the universe originated from a hot, dense state nearly 14 billion years ago in the Big Bang.
The universe is made up of millions of galaxies and is expanding over time. According to the Doppler effect, the further away galaxies are from Earth, the more their light wavelengths are shifted to the red end of the spectrum (redshift) due to the expansion of the universe. This redshift increases with distance and shows that galaxies are moving farther away from Earth as the universe expands. The cosmic microwave background radiation provides evidence that the universe originated from a hot, dense state nearly 14 billion years ago in the Big Bang.
The universe is made up of millions of galaxies and is expanding over time. According to the Doppler effect, the further away galaxies are from Earth, the more their light wavelengths are shifted to the red end of the spectrum (redshift) due to the expansion of the universe. This redshift increases with distance and shows that galaxies are moving farther away from Earth as the universe expands. The cosmic microwave background radiation provides evidence that the universe originated from a hot, dense state nearly 14 billion years ago in the Big Bang.
The universe is made up of millions of galaxies and is expanding over time. According to the Doppler effect, the further away galaxies are from Earth, the more their light wavelengths are shifted to the red end of the spectrum (redshift) due to the expansion of the universe. This redshift increases with distance and shows that galaxies are moving farther away from Earth as the universe expands. The cosmic microwave background radiation provides evidence that the universe originated from a hot, dense state nearly 14 billion years ago in the Big Bang.
➢ Made up of millions of galaxies and is extremely humungous.
Expansion of the Universe
➢ According to Theory 1: ○ Light emitted from the glowing hydrogen in far away galaxies is shifted to the red light frequency in the spectrum when seen from Earth.
➢ According to Theory 2: ○ Further away a galaxy is from us, the greater the shift towards the red frequency in the spectrum (Redshift).
➢ Due to the above theories, we know that galaxies are moving further away from us as the redshift increases with time. ➢ This is also why we know that the further away a galaxy is from us, the faster it is moving away from us.
➢ ACCORDING TO ALL THE ABOVE, WE CAN SAY THAT THE
UNIVERSE IS EXPANDING.
➢ This interpretation is based on the Doppler effect which happens when a source of waves is moving. ➢ If the source is approaching us, waves are crowded into a smaller space due to which their wavelength seems shorter and their frequency seems larger. ➢ Therefore when galaxies and stars move away from us, their wavelengths seem larger and their frequency seems shorter which is why we can see the RedShift. ➢ The speed of recession can also be calculated from the intensity of the redshift. ➢ The furthest we have discovered till date are receding with a speed that is 1/3rd speed of light.
Microwave Background Radiation
➢ During the Big Bang, a lot of radiation energy was produced which till date exists. ➢ This was identified because the radiation was picked up by a background hiss in microwave pixels picked by a large radio antennae. ➢ Wavelength is : 1.1mm ➢ Fluctuations in this value give hints of new galaxy formations. ➢ It is said that as the Universe is expanding, the cosmic radiation had been redshifted to the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. ➢ This is also a big evidence for the Big Bang Theory.
Age of the Universe
➢ A scientist called Edwin Hubble discovered that the speed of recession of a galaxy was directly proportional to its distance. ➢ The above statement is the Hubble’s Law and is written as: V = H0 d ➢ The Hubble’s Constant is the ratio of the speed at which the galaxy is moving away from Earth to its distance from Earth. ➢ H0 = 2.2 x 10-18 / second ➢ So a galaxy 1 million light years away is moving away from us at the speed of 2.2 x 10-18 x 1000000 = 2.2 x 10-12 light years/second = 21km/s
➢ 1/H0 = 1/2.2 x 10-18 = 4.5 x1017 seconds = 14 billion years.
