Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 31 views

    10 - An Intro To GIS-III - 14 December 2022

    Uploaded by

    khan
    This document provides an introduction to geographic information systems (GIS). It discusses key concepts including the GIS data model, geographic databases, spatial and attribute data types, data capture sources, and functionalities of GIS. The data model represents real world features and relationships. Geographic databases contain framework data like boundaries and thematic data like land use. Spatial data specifies location while attribute data provides descriptive characteristics. Data can be captured from remote sensing, surveys, or existing maps and databases. GIS functionalities include overlay analysis, interpolation, visualization, and network analysis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    10 - An Intro To GIS-III - 14 December 2022

    Uploaded by

    khan
    31 views10 pages
    This document provides an introduction to geographic information systems (GIS). It discusses key concepts including the GIS data model, geographic databases, spatial and attribute data types, data capture sources, and functionalities of GIS. The data model represents real world features and relationships. Geographic databases contain framework data like boundaries and thematic data like land use. Spatial data specifies location while attribute data provides descriptive characteristics. Data can be captured from remote sensing, surveys, or existing maps and databases. GIS functionalities include overlay analysis, interpolation, visualization, and network analysis.

    Original Title

    10_An Intro to GIS-III_14 December 2022

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides an introduction to geographic information systems (GIS). It discusses key concepts including the GIS data model, geographic databases, spatial and attribute data types, data capture sources, and functionalities of GIS. The data model represents real world features and relationships. Geographic databases contain framework data like boundaries and thematic data like land use. Spatial data specifies location while attribute data provides descriptive characteristics. Data can be captured from remote sensing, surveys, or existing maps and databases. GIS functionalities include overlay analysis, interpolation, visualization, and network analysis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views10 pages

    10 - An Intro To GIS-III - 14 December 2022

    Uploaded by

    khan
    This document provides an introduction to geographic information systems (GIS). It discusses key concepts including the GIS data model, geographic databases, spatial and attribute data types, data capture sources, and functionalities of GIS. The data model represents real world features and relationships. Geographic databases contain framework data like boundaries and thematic data like land use. Spatial data specifies location while attribute data provides descriptive characteristics. Data can be captured from remote sensing, surveys, or existing maps and databases. GIS functionalities include overlay analysis, interpolation, visualization, and network analysis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    An Introduction to

    Geographic Information System

    PROF. Dr. Yuji MURAYAMA


    Khun Kyaw Aung Hein
    1
    July 21,2010
    The Role of Data Model in GIS

    GIS Data Model


    Description and Operational GIS
    Representation
    Analysis & Presentation

    People
    Real World Interpretation and
    Explanation

    Source: GISystem & Science ,longley , 18


    Goodchild, Maguire, Rhind
    Geographic Database

    Framework Data Thematic Data

    Land Ownership Flood Zones


    Transportation Wetlands

    Surface Waters Land-cover

    Boundaries Water Lines


    Sewer Lines
    Geodetic Control
    Soils
    Elevation

    Aerial Imagery

    19
    Source. CSIG, NSF, GE N
    Database Types 1

    A database is an information set with a regular structure. A database is


    usually but not necessarily stored in some machine readable format accessed
    by a computer. “Database" (data repository) to create a central data repository
    for spatial data storage and management.

    _ Tabular (flat file) _ data in single table


    _ Hierarchical
    _ Network
    _ Relational

    20
    Data Types 2

    Spatial Data Types Attribute Data Types


    • Continuous : elevation, rainfall
    Categorical (Name) Numerical
    • Areas :
    Known difference values
    _ unbounded: land-use, market area, soils
    _ nominal _interval
    _ bounded : city , sate, country boundaries
    • No natural zero
    _ Moving : animals group , • no inherent order
    • temperature ( C , F)
    • Networks : road, river, streams
    • Point : • cities name, land use types _ratio
    _ ordinal • Natural zero
    _fixed : wells, lamps post , address
    • inherent order • age, income, rainfall

    • stream class, road class

    21
    Spatial and Attribute Data 3

     Spatial Data (Where )


    _ specifies location
    _ stored in a shape file, geo-database or similar geographic file

     Attribute ( Descriptive) data ( what , how much, when )


    _ Specifies characteristics at that location, natural or human
    created
    _ Stored in a data base table

     Image data ( Diverse elements )


    _satellite image, aerial photos, scanned data

     GIS systems traditionally maintain spatial and attribute data


    separately , then join them for display or analysis. 22
    Data Capture Sources

    Raster Vector

    Primary _ Remote sensing images - GPS measurement


    _ Aerial photographs
    - Survey measurement
    Secondary _ Scanned maps or photographs
    - Topographic Maps
    _ DEM from maps
    - Toponymy (place name )
    database

    23
    Functionalities OF GIS

    • Overlay analysis
    • Interpolation
    • Digital elevation model
    • Visualization
    • Digital mapping
    • Network analysis

    24
    GIS Applications

    • Mapping Location
    • Mapping Quantities
    • Mapping Densities
    • Mapping and Monitoring change

    25
    References:

    • Paul A. longley, Michael F. Good child , David J. Maguire, David W. Rhind, 2001, Geographic
    Information System and Science, WILEY, p448.
    • David J Maguire, Machael F. Goodchild and David W. Rhind, 1991, Geographical information
    systems Volume 1: Principles, Longman Scientific & Technical

    • Paul Bolstad , 2005, GIS Fundamentals : A First Text on Geographical Information Systems,
    Second Edition，Eider Press White Bear lake, Minnesota
    • http://www.adec.edu/admin/meeting/2008/alladec/docs/lee.ppt
    •http://geosciences.tamuk.edu/~yu/web/L5312/lecture6.pdf
    •http://people.revoledu.com/kardi/tutorial/GIS/index.html
    •http://shoreline.eng.ohio-state.edu/ron/teaching/630/630class/Lectures/GS630_7_GIS_2009.pdf
    •http://www.utdallas.edu/~briggs/poec5319/fund.ppt

    26

    You might also like