‫بســــــم اللــه الرحمن الرحيــــــــم‬

Introduction
Difference between existing and GMDSS system
NO SOLAS SYSTEM GMDSS
1 Carriage according to tonnage of ship. Carriage according to sailing area
A]Ship's tonnage 500 tons carry RT of ship [A1+A2+A3+A4]
B]Ship's tonnage more than 500 tons carry wt
C] RT- W/T max range of contact is about 250
NM off shore
2 Manual Listening Watch. Automatic listening watch .
3 Distress is from Ship to Ship. Distress is from Ship to Shore .

GMDSS [Global Maritime for Distress and Safety System] Advantages ‫مزايا‬
1. Documented
2. Econemice
3. Messages are not affected by propagation conditions.
4. Ships can sent Distress from all over the world .
5. There are secrecy for Broadcasting messages .
6. Watch are keeping automatically by GMDSS sets .
7. Main Distress is sent from ship to land .
8. The carriage of sets on board vessels will depend upon ship’s sailing area .
9. There will be best quality , more speed in the communication system.
BASIC CONCEPT OF GMDSS‫التصور األساسي‬
Means that SAR (Search and Rescue units ) ashore + shipping in vicinity are rapidly alerted
so they can give assistance (help) to ship in Distress with the minimum delay .
SEA AREAS ‫مناطق الإبحار‬
Area A1: Within the range of VHF/DSC ( 20 -30 NM from land )
Area A2: Within the range of MF/DSC ( 150 NM from land )
Area A3: Within the range – by Inmarsat ( From 70N - 70S )
Area A4: Within the remaining area of seas . by Marine Telex ( HF ).
GMDSS IMPLEMENTATION ‫تطبيـــــق‬
1 1974 SOLAS ( Safety Of Life At Sea ) ch/4
2 1988 Amended‫ عـ ـدلت ايل‬by GMDSS
3 1992 GMDSS in force
4 1993 Ship must carry EPIRB+ NAVTEX
5 1995 Ship must carry EPIRB + Navtex + SART + Portable VHF
6 Feb1999 Full implementation ‫ تطبيق كامل‬of GMDSS
FUNCTION OF GMDSS ‫وظائف‬
1] Distress Alert is from Ship to Coast +{ From Coast to Ship + from Ship to Ship }
2] SAR Communication.‫اتصاالت وحدات البحث واالنقاذ‬
3] On Scene Communication. ‫اتصاالت وحدات البحث واالنقاذ فى مسرح الحدث‬
4] Locating Signals . ( By EPIRB { or L – Band EPIRB } + SART ). ‫عالمات تحديد موقع االستغاثه‬
5] MSI( Maritime Safety Information ) ( NAVTEX - EGC – NBDP )
6] General Radio Communication . ( DSC - RT- NBDP – FAX – DATA )
7] Bridge to Bridge Communication . (VHF - RT)
GMDSS TERMINOLOGY ‫اصطلاحــــــــات‬
N
Function MEANING
R
Ship to shore Distress Alert
1 Shore to Ship Reporting Distress incident to RCC ashore + Near vessels to
Ship to Ship give immediate assistance (Help) to Distressed vessel .

2 SAR comm. Comm. between ships and aircraft taking part in SAR activities
Comm. by on scene commander in Distress area By RT or
3 On scene
NBDP.
To improve the chance of locating the position of survivors by
4 Locating
EPIRB [ L Band EPIRB ] + SART sets.
To Broadcast important Navigational Warning - Weather
Report - Distress Alert -Commercial reports - to near and far
5 MSI
distances by {NAVTEX) + EGC ( SAT}.Safety + Fleet Net
+NBDP
Inter R/Comm traffic - comm. by TFN – FAX-Telex - Data –
6 General Comm. DSC exchange operations on all necessary frequencies by good
quality service
Bridge to Bridge Inter ship VHF comm. RT- for assisting the safety and
7
comm. manuevering of ship
Kinds of G/Comm OF GMDSS system : DSC - RT - TELEX - DATA - FAX
Some Important Abbreviations
GOC : General Operator Certificate
ROC : Restricted Operator Certificate
NBDP : Narrow Band Direct Printing [ ‫] التلكس‬
EPIRB : Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
SARSAT : Search And Rescue Sat Aid Tracking
LES : Land Earth Station
I/D : Identification Of Station
GPS : Global Position System
CES : Coast Earth Station
SES : Ship Earth Station
INMARSAT : International Maritime Satellite
SART : Search and Rescue Transponder .
RCC :.Rescue Coordinated Center .
 SAR : Search and Rescue .
OCC : Operational Control Center.
NCS : Network Coordinated Station.
LUT : Local User Terminal.
MCC : Mission Control Center .
EGC :.Enhanced Group Call.
NAVTEX : Navigation By Telex .

Code Number for Comm SAT By R/T and Telex :

AORE : Telex 581 TFN 871
POR : 582 872
IOR : 583 873
AORW : 584 874
The subsets of GMDSS system :
Navtex – EPIRB or [ L - Band EPIRB] 1993 + SART + Portable VHF 1995
kinds of set which are used for homing and its frequencies :
EPRIB [406 +121.5 MHz ] L- Band EPIRB [1.6 GHz ] + SART [ 9 GHz]
Five Major Components which complete SAT comm. :
1] Space segment : The geostationary body of the SAT(INMARSAT- COSPAC)
2] OCC : Operational Control center 3] NCS : Network Coordinated station
4] CES : Coast Earth station LEC 5] SES :Ship Earth station?(mobile user)
Availability Of GMDSS System :
1] Duplication of Equipment (DOE)
2] Shore Based Maintenance (SBM)
3] At Sea Maintenance (ASM)
Meaning of Location [ Homing + Determine ] :
To determine the position of ship or survival craft in Distress
GMDSS system can offer MSI for all sea areas by :
A] Navtex : A1 + A2 +part of A3 200-400 NM off shore on 518 + + 4209.5 +490 kHz
B] SAT : A3 EGC { Safety + Fleet Net } to vessels on 1.5 GHz
C] HF [NBDP – TELEX ] : A4 by Marine Telex .
Types of Inmarsat onboard vessels :
A-B-C-E [ L - Band EPIRB] + M
The meaning of : C – Band : [ Used by CES 6 - 4 GHz Link Up / Link Down ]
L – Band : [ Usedccccccccc by SES 1.6 -1.5 GHz Link Up /
Link Down]
X – Band : [ Used by SART 9 GHz ]
Meaning of link up – link down for SES and CES :
 link up / link down : SES 1.6- 1.5 GHz + CES 6 - 4 GHz
Advantage of SAT comm. over HF comm.
ITEM SAT COMM HF COMM
Ionosphere‫التأثر بالطقس‬ None Exist
Freq selection ‫اختيار الرتدد‬ Not necessary Necessary
Channel capacity‫سعه القناة‬ Large Limited
Telephone readability‫وضوح التليفون‬ 100% 60% SSB
Privacy of comma‫سريه املراسلات‬ 100% 0%

Facilities OF Inmarsat A & C :

Inmarsat - A Inmarsat - C
Service Telex + Data + TFN + Fax Semi Fax-Telex - Data
Transmission Immediate Store & Forward
Antenna Parabolic- Directional Omni Directional- Helical
EGC No [With Sep Digital Receiver] Yes
Weight 120 kg 10 kg
Electronics TFN Analogue Digital
Data speed High Speed Low Speed
Price Expensive Cheap
Advantage of Digital over Analogue comm.
NO DIGITAL ANALOGUE
1 Noise has low Effect Noise has great Effect
2 Low power is Needed More power is Needed
3 Signal can be Processed Signal can not be Processed
4 Signal can be Stored Signal can not be Stored
5 Can be printed and Displayed Cannot be printed or Displayed
6 More secured [Privacy] No security [Privacy]
GMDSS COMMUNICATION
NO SAT Communication Terrestrial Communication
1 Inmarsat – A MF : DSC – RT - NBDP
2 “ – B HF : DSC - RT- NBDP
3 “ –C VHF : DSC – RT
4 “ –M { Not deal withGMDSS] SART : 9GHZ 3 Cm radar
5 L- Band EPIRB [ Inmarsat - E ] On Navtex : NBDP [518 + 4209.5 + 490
1.6 GHz to comm. SAT kHz ] [200 – 400 NM ]
6 EPIRB- Cospas on 406 -121.5 MHz HF- EGC : NBDP { TELEX}
Different Between SAT and Cospas Sarsat
No Comm. SAT No COSPAS SARSAT
1 4 + 4 operational + Emergency 1 6-8
 2 At height of 36000 KMS 2 Height 850 - 1000 KMS
3 Same speed of earth 3 Faster than earth's speed
4 Geostationary [70 N – 70S] 4 It takes 100 M to rotate round earth
5 Rotates around equator 5 Rotates at polar orbits
6 CES link up/down 6/4 GHZ 6 Covers all sea areas
7 SES link up/down 1.6/1.5 GHZ 7 Takes 70 mints in its routine circle
8 Receives emission from L-Band 8 Receives from EPIRB on 406 + 121.5
EPIRB on 1.6 GHZ to CES - RCC MHz to LUT-MCC - RCC - CES- for
– SAR in about [ 2M ] SAR operation [ 70M ]

Number of comm. SAT : 4 Oper + 4 Stand by

Number of Cospas Sarsat : 6–8
GPS { Global Position System } : It is used to determine the position of
ship during Sailing by the aid of Navigational Satellite
The ADE and BDE equipment : Above deck : The antenna .
Below deck : VDU - Keyboard - Fax - Computer - CPU - TX - Rx unit - printer
GMDSS RADIO WATCH ON SHIPS
1] VHF [ A1 ] : Every GMDSS ship while at sea shall maintain continues watch
on CH70 –156.525 MHz for Distress - Safety - Urgency - Routine .
2] MF [ A2 ] : On DSC freq 2187.5 kHz for Distress + Safety + Urgency + Routine.
3] HF [ A3 + A4] : On DSC freq 2187.5 kHz + 4207.5 + 6312 +
8414.5+12577+16804.5 kHz as its geographical position . This watch can be kept by
means of scanning receiver .
INMARSAT - A
1] The Major Benefit of introducing SAT service in GMDSS system are :
A] Distress messages transmitted through Inmarsat systems are sent through The general
channel on a priority basis to ensure rapid receipt shore to Ship Distress alerting
B] Make unnecessary for the need of dedicated { allocated ‫}ختصيص‬frequencies for
Distress + Safety Communication [ 16 – 15 GHZ]
To prepare SES to access ‫ لالتصال‬by Inmarsat - A system :
1] Switch on SES and allow it to warm ..
2] Adjust it on common signaling channel [TDM] – { Adjust on TDM0 if 4th Digit of
your IMN [Inmarsat Mobile Number] is Even [0–2–4–6–8].
3] Adjust on TDM1 if 4th digit of your IMN is Odd [ 1 – 3 – 5 – 7 - 9 ] .
4] If the second number [Fax] is Odd or Even it will has no effect on TDM .
5] Note that if power off your station you must change again to TDM1 because TDM1
will be changed to TDM0 when power off but TDM0 does not affect .
Routine Check For Your SES :
1] Make sure that all associated equipment are working properly .
2] Make sure that your antenna is directly pointed to SAT in every ocean region .
3] Make sure that your SES is receiving a strong signal from NCS in your ocean region .
4] At traveling from an ocean region to another ocean region make sure That You must
 log in again to NCS in the new region [some SES make that auto ] .
To Point Your Antenna Towards SAT :
1] To point your antenna towards SAT insert the ship's position LAT + LONG +TDM +
Azimuth + Elevation + Priority + Etc then receive strong Signals from NCS in your
ocean region
LOG IN : Means you direct your antenna toward SAT and receive strong Signals from
NCS in your ocean region .
LOG OUT: Means you do not point your antenna towards SAT and not receive a
signal or receive weak signal from NCS in your ocean region .

what should you do if you want to switch off your SES for a period
of time ?
A] I must make log out before switching off my SES , other wise CES will keep on calling
meand I may loose my traffic +B] Some CES will charge the sender for using SAT system
To know that your SES is logging in correctly :
INMARSAT – A : By a percentage appears on screen and must not be less than 60%
INMARSAT – C : By the light of 5 small lamps at the right corner of screen . at
least 3 lamps must be lightening –other kind that there will be three words {Good –
Fair – Bad } Of course the bad means that you are not making log in correctly
KIND OF CALLS VIA INMARSAT SYSTEM :
A] All ships call . B] Geographical area call . C] Variable geographical area call.
D] Group call . E] Selected { individual }ship .
Sure that you can remember these questions easily :
1] How to make Distress via Inmarsat – A by R/T ?
2] How to make Distress via Inmarsat – A by Telex ?
3] How To Make Telephone Call From Ship To Shore ?
4] How To Make Telephone Call From Ship To Ship ?
5] How To Make Telephone Call From Shore To Ship ?
6] How To Make Fax From Ship To Land ?
7] How To Make Telex Call From Ship To Land ?
8] How To Ask For Telephone Call By 2 Digits Call ?
9] How To Receive Telex Message By SES Onboard Your Ship ?
10] How to make Distress by Inmarsat – C ?
1] To Make Distress by SES - A by R/T : [After making Log In ]
1] Pick up handset . 2] Press [*] 5 sec till tone is heard 3] Press ID of CES [ I.e. [ 03 ]
4] # [ end of call ] . 5] When you hear the operator of CES cry Distress Message [ Distress
Call {MAYDAY} + Ship’s Name +Position + Nature of Distress + Kind of assistance
required + Any other information which facility rescue 6] To terminate the call put up
the handset .
2] To Make Distress by SES - A by TELEX :
1] Press line . 2] Type MAYDAY [ 3 times] .
3] Press new line 4] Press xx [ID of CES ] EX 03 + .[A/B of CES will be received]
5] Press new line . 6] Type MAYDAY [3] . + New line .
 7] Then sent your Distress message - [Name of ship – Time – Position - Nature of
Distress – Kind of assistance required –Any other info which facility rescue
8] To disconnect the line press RLS or . . . . . [ 5DOTS] .
3] How To Make Telephone Call From Ship To Shore :
A] Lift Handset - Wait For Free CH
B] When hear short dial tone - Dial ID of CES [02 # ]
C] Dial 0044517337211 # Where: 00 International request
44 Country code 51 Area code
7337211 subscriber’s number # End of selection
To terminate contact hang upTelephone set ..
4] How To Make Telephone Call From Ship To Ship :
A] As previous steps till hearing short dial tone then dial :
008711234567 # Where:
00 International request 871 Code number of SAT
1234567 ID of required vessel # End of selection
5] How To Make Telephone Call From Shore To Ship :
DIAL 008711234567# Where:
00 International request 871 Code number of SAT
1234567 ID of required ship # End of selection
6] HOW TO MAKE FAX FROM SHIP TO LAND :
Same steps as before - Dial ID of CES then by Fax set facilities :make a call for
subscriber's number
7] How To Make Telex Call From Ship To Land :
A] Switch on set then make a new line . B] Press ID of CES [02 +]
C] Wait for A/B [ 2002 – 01 -11 - 0930 02 + WRU ]
D] Press your A/B [ 1234567SULEX ] E] Wait for GA+ from CES .
F] Type subscriber's number 005146119 + Where:
00 International Request 51 Country code
46119 Subscriber’s number + End of selection
G] When receive A/B of subscriber and GA+ exchange A/B then proceed your Telex
H] At the end - exchange A/B with subscriber then press KKKK or NNNN asking for
time and date then send 5 dots or RLS to terminate work. .
8] How To Ask For Telephone Call By 2 Digits Call :
To use Inmarsat for 2 digits code R/T +Telex :
R/T
1] Left handset . 2] Wait for local dial tone .
3] Dial short code [12 # for international info and so on }
TELEX
1] Switch Telex on line . 2] Type ID of CES - Wait for print out A/B of CES .
3] After receiving GA+ Select 12+ for international info – 32+ for Medical Advice - 38 +
for Medical Assistance and do not forget + OR # at the end of call ]
9] How To Receive Telex Message By SES Onboard Your Ship :
Teleprinter will automatically be switched on line and print Telex message - when finish
 from receiving it will be switched off automatically .
1o] DISTRESS BY INMARSAT – C :
1] Go to Distress window. [ENT]
2] Choose ID of CES + Position + Heading + Speed + Time .
3] Choose Nature of Distress .
4] Press sent button to actually sent Distress Alert .
NOTE : All previous calls must be done after making log in to complete call procedure

Urgent and Safety Telex and Telephone call by INMARSAT - A

You can obtain medical advice , assistance & maritime assistance from some CES using
2 digits code - you can follow this steps :-
1] Follow procedures on your SES to select Telex or TFN mode as required .
2] Select routine priority [ known priority 0 ]
3] Select the required CES referring to table of ID code .
4] Call CES selected and on receipt the tone dial or key the appropriate 2 digits code
number ending with + or # .{ Telex or Telephone }
5] When you establish comm. , identify the call as Urgency [PANPAN] or Safety
[Security] And give the information necessary to get medical advice or assistance .
Note :- You Must keep away from antenna because it has a powerful Electro Magnetic
filled towards SAT and that will have bad effect and may hurt you ..
Some Important Inmarsat 2 Digits Code Service
00 Automatic Telephone 11 International Operator
12 International Information 32 Medical Advice
33 Technical Assistance 38 Medical Assistance
39 Maritime Assistance 41 Meteorological Reports
43 Ship Position Reports
INMARSAT - C
1] To Prepare Your SES For Work :
A] Switch on SES and all associated equipment [ Printer-VDU -Transeceiver-Modem]
B] Decide the ocean region and NCS you are going to log in ..
C] Make sure that your antenna has unobstructed ‫ غير معترضة‬view with the sky .
D] Log in with NCS in your ocean +and receive strong signal from it .
E] Now your SES is ready for work .
2] To Send Message From Ship To Shore :
A] Create your message on SES text editor .
B] Select transmit .
C] Insert destination + Type of message [ Telex or Semi Fax ] .
E] Select CES you want to sent message through it .
F] Select time of sending your Telex + Priority + Confirm of delivery .
G] Check all details you do before sending your message .
 H] Enter the command to [send] position and press it to sent your message .
3] To Receive A Message From Shore To Ship :
A] Make sure that people ashore knows how to do so [ ID + ocean + code Nnr of SAT ].
B] Sure that you are log in with NCS in your ocean region & receive strong signals .
C] Your SES [Printer] will receive automatically message from LES
D] Sure that your SES is storing and printing all stored messages .
E] Note that EGC messages may be sent frequently and could fill up your SES's
memory or disk storage so you must keep notice for that .
4] To Type Text by Inmarsat - C :
1] As the position of pointing the cursor & start message as you are making typing .
2] If you want to create some blank lines ,press the ENTER key on your keyboard .
5] To save your work by Inmarsat C :
1] After writing your message . 2] Choose File - Save.
3] Type in the name of file [consists of 1-8 charc + 3 for Extension ]
4] Press enter to actually save the file .
 DEFINITION
SPACE SEGMENT : 1] Inmarsat SAT . [ International Maritime SAT ].
2] Have the same speed of earth [ Geostationary ].
3] It is 36,000 KMS height above equator .
4] It consists of 4 SAT active - 4 SAT stand by [Emergency] .
5] It used for comm. + Distress , Urgency , Safety and routine purposes .
6] It receives Distress Alert from L. Band EPIRB .
Code numbers of SAT to contact by TELEX and RT :
1] AORE : [ Atlantic Ocean Region East ] 581 + 871 [Telex + TFN ]
2] POR : [ Pacific Ocean Region ] 582 + 872 [Telex + TFN ]
3] IOR : [ Indian Ocean Region ] 583 + 873 [Telex + TFN ]
4] AORW : [ Atlantic Ocean Region West ] 584 + 874 [Telex + TFN ]
OCC [Operational Control Center ] : 1] The nerve center of SAT.
2] The headquarters is in London .
3] It is connected to leased‫ مؤجــره‬lines to Sat control center .
4] Also it is connected to all CES around the world .
5] It operates 24 hours daily .
CES [ Coast Earth Station ] : 1] It provides the link ‫ خط ربط‬between space segment
and Terrestrial Telecomm Network its linkup – link down 6 – 4 GHz.
NCS [ Network Coordination Center ] :
1] There are 4 NCS [CES] are assigned to serve as Network Coordinated Center
2] Each station is made to serve one of the operational Satellite .
3] It gives telephone channels .
SES [ Ship Earth Station] : 1] It is a kind of Satellite onboard a ship.[A-B-C- E- M ].
2] It sent its signals to geostationary SAT on 1.6 GHz receives on 1.5 GHz .
3] Calls are to and from LES on land or in any part of earth [ call to and from another ship
in any part of sea or ocean]- via SAT system .
LUT [ Local User Terminal ] :
1] A ground receiving station which receives alert data from Cospas - SARSAT
2] It fixed the Position + ID + Nationality of unit in Distress by FSD and forward the
result to MCC which send these informations to RCC which activates SAR units for
rescue operations .
 MCC [ Mission Control Center ] : 1] An Cospas Sarsat ground station .
2] System which receives Distress Alert Data from LUT and other MCC , distribute this
information to appropriate‫ المعنية بالأمر‬MCC and RCC which activates - SAR units for
rescue operation
RCC [ Rescue Coordinated Center ] :
A unit which responsible for giving efficient search and rescue services for
Rescue operation in the rescued region .

[ WWNWS ] WORLD WIDE NAVIGATIONAL WARNINGS SERVICE

MSI services has been divided into two sections :-
A] Short Range [ NAVTEX A1+A2 – 200 400 NM off shore ]
B] Long Range { SAT { EGC} A3 + NBDP – HF { TELEX} A4]
1] The world has been divided into geographical areas , these are known as NAVAREA .
NAVAREA : It is one of the sixteen areas of sea as defined by IMO into which the world’s
oceans and seas are divided for the dissemination ‫ نشر او إذاعه‬of navigational +
Meteorological Warning and Distress alert + Weather report + meteo alert.
2] These areas are covered by :-
A} A1+A2 is covered by Navtex {200 – 400 NM} by Coast Station .
B] A3 is covered by EGC { Safety And Fleet Net } + By SAT {via CES] .
C] A4 is covered by Marine Telex [NBDP – HF ] by Coast Station .
3] English + National language can be used { Commonly English must be used }.
4] Navarea + Navtex warning are different in broadcasting areas , but similar in subjects .
5] A4 which is covered by Telex - is sent on certain frequencies and at fixed times by coasts.
6] Ships are allowed to receive Navtex – EGC or NBDP owing to its sailing area .
7] MSI which is Broadcasted by SAT : By EGC System :–
[ Enhanced Group Call ] ‫ النداء إلى مجموعات بنظام متطور‬is divided into Safety and Fleet Net .
Safety Net : - To sent MSI to all ships as :- [WX – N/W – Distress Alert + Meteo
warning ] - It is free of charge
Fleet Net : - It contains commercial information . [ Particular Services ] as
bulletins of markets - Commercial weather services - Price of fish –
Sea Surface Temperature - Charts Etc . It is chargeable
and this covers A3 and transmitted to vessels in this area on 1.5 GHZ
8] Inmarsat B – C {Digital }can receive EGC from SAT directly.
Inmarsat - A { Analogue}cannot receive EGC except with separate digital receiver .
EGC : Is an digital information require digital inmarsat on board vessels
9] EGC messages can be sent to : A] Certain geographical area call .
B] Specified vessel C] Certain group of ships [ Flag – Nat] .
D] All ships .
10] Distress Alert from shore to ships cannot be suppressed from receiving .
NAVTEX [ Navigation By Telex] 1 – 8 - 1993
1] It is one of the important requirements of GMDSS .
 2] It is automatic reception of MSI on board ships including N/W+ WX , Meteo
warning , Distress alert .for Areas A1-A2 + part of A3 - 200 - 400 NM off shore .
3] Its emission is F1B or J2B .
4] Its frequencies are 518 + 4209.5 kHz by English + 490 by National language .
5] Error percentage must be less than 33 % otherwise device will stop receiving except
Distress alert + NW + Meteo Warning + Navigation warning .
6] The world has been divided into 16 Navigational areas and is called Navarea
7] Each area has Romanic number to Identify it .
8] Each area has 24 stns - divided into 4 groups , each group has 6 stations - [384 stns].
9] Each group has 1 hour for broadcasting every 24 hours
[ Each coast station has 10 mintns to broadcast MSI every 4 hours]
10] These areas can be chosen automatically or manually .
11] All stations has code letter station from A -Z .
12] All messages has code letter message from A -Z .
13] A - B - D - L messages cannot be rejected from receiving .[ also message has 00 serial
number ]
14] This device can store received messages even if there is no paper
15] This set will reject any message has same serial number { Except S&R messages +
messages which has 00 serial number { S&R messages } [ Micro Processor do that ]
16] KIND OF NAVTEX + EGC MESSAGES :
A * NAV Warning B * Meteo Warning
C ICE Reports D * S&R Messages
E Meteo Forecast F Pilot SVC Message
L * Navigational Warning Additional to A
 Messages A – B – D and L { + oo serial number } cannot be rejected from receiving
* Message sent from coast station will begins as follows :
EX :- ZCZC NA77 ..............[NNNN] or [ KKKK] Where :
ZCZC : Is the beginning of the message [To syncrounce receiving set on ships]
N : Code letter of station A : Code letter of message .
77 : Serial number of message [ from 01 - 99 ]{ oo is allocated for S&R} .
[NNNN] or [KKKK] means the end of the message
17] After receiving message 99 by ships , coast will change serial number from 01 again

Frequencies on which MSI IS Broadcasted in A4 by coasts station :

[ 4210 - 6314 - 8416.5 - 125 79 - 16806.5 - 19680.5 - 22376 - 26100.5 kHz ]
Sources Of EGC + NAVTEX :
Navigation Warning Authorities + RCC + Meteo Authorities
The different between EGC & NAVTEX in their covering area & frequencies :
NR EGC [Enhanced Group Call] NAVTEX
1 Long Distance Comm. Short Distance Comm.
2 Broadcasted by SAT [ CES ] Broadcasted by Coast Stations
3 It send to ships on 1.5 GHZ. Send on 518 + 4209.5 + 490 kHz
[ F1B+ J2B ] printed .Range 200-400 NM
4 It is divided into Safety [Free of Sent MSI [Safety only] as Distress Alert +
charge] +Fleet Net N/W +WX + Meteo warning
[chargeable] [ free of charge]

Different Between NAVTEX AND EGC

NO NAVTEX NO EGC
1 Coastal 200 – 400 NM 1 A3 : Broadcasted by SAT.
[A1 + A2 and part of A3 ] A4 : Is covered by NBDP - TELEX
2 Sent on 518 +4209.5 kHz 2 Sent on 1.5 GHz to ships
By English language
3 Sent on 490 kHz National 3
4 Each station sent 10 mints 4
each 4 hours - one hour
each 24 hours
5 The world is divided into 16 5 The world is divided into 16 areas has
areas has roman number roman number -
6 All stations have code letter 6 All stations have code letter from A-Z
from A-Z
7 All messages have code 7 All messages have code letter from A-Z
letter from A-Z
8 Uses FEC mode 8 Uses FEC mode
9 It brooadcasted WX+ N/W 9 It brooadcasted WX+ N/W + Meteo
+ Meteo Warning + Warning + Distress alert .
Distress alert .
10 Its Emission F1B – J2B 10 Its Emission F1B – J2B
11 It is free of charge 11 It is divided into Safety NET [Free of
charge ] and Fleet NET - [Chargeable]
 NAVAREA : It is one of the sixteen areas of sea as defined by imo into which
the world’s oceans and seas are divided for the dissemination ‫ نشر او إذاعه‬of
navigational and meteorological warning

SUBSET OF GMDSS
EPIRB – NAVTEX { 1993} + SART – P.VHF {1995)
GPS : Global Position System : To determine position of ship during sailing by the aid
of navigational SAT
SART(Search And Rescue Transponder 1 – 2 - 1995)
1] It is one of subset of GMDSS system .
2] It is used to locate [Determine-Home] the position of survival craft .
3] It is called [Life Saving Equipment] .
4] It activates when receive an emission from vessels in range about 5 - 8 - 12 NM.
5] When it activates , it will began to sent emission on 9GHZ- 3 cm [ X - Band ] auto.
6] This emission appears on the screen of that vessel as 12-20 plotted dots
changes to an arc at 1 NM then as a circle at less than one mile.
7] Its power is about 400 MW or more .
8] It activates as stand by for 96 hours and 8 hours for s emission.
9] Its structure is 3 parts :-
A] Web antenna- Omni directional - Vertical - Horizontal polarization .
B] Sensitive transmitter and receiver .
C] Lithium battery which . must be replaced after ( 3-5 years) if it is not used .
10] At its button there are a key with three positions[Stand by [on] + Off + Test ]
also test lamp + loud speaker .
11] Its battery's validity is 5 years - or it must be changed after use - it could not be
charged again after use .
12] It also response correctly when interrogate at distance of up to 30 NM by an
airborne radar with at least 10kw power at antenna 0f 100 Feet height .
13] It must be tied up 1 M over sea surface to be activated well .by ship’s radar
14] When it responses with radar emission, it will give an audio alarm .
15] Vessels less than 500 Tons must carry one set .
16] Vessels more than 500 tons must carry two sets .
TEST OF SART
1] Adjust ship's radar on range 1 NM .
2] Activate SART [ put it on stand by or on position]
3] Observe the radar screen carefully .
4] You will observe that a circle appears on screen & an tone will be heard from SART
* That means that the battery of SART is activated well and in a good condition .
 EPIRB [ Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon ]
There are two kinds of EPIRB :
1] EPIRB ( Cospas Sarsat EPIRB] : It sent its emission on 406 + 121.5 MHz
2] L - Band EPIRB : It sent its emission to comm. SAT .on 1.6 GHZ .
Routes OF EPIRB :
1] EPIRB send on 406 MHz to Cospas Sarsat - LUT– MCC- RCC- for SAR operation[70M]
2] L - BAND EPIRB send on 1.6 GHz to ..RCC – CES for SAR operation [2M].
Battery : (Lithium). Unchargeable replaced after 3 – 5 years if it is not used .
Works : It works for 48 hours .
POWER : 5 WATT (406 MHz) + 100 MW (121.5 MHz)
MODE : Phase modulation .(406 MHz) + AM (121.5 MHz )
Antenna : Vertical , Omni directional .
1] EPIRB activates + Transmit signals on both 406 +121.5 MHz .
2] This signal ( Distress signal + ID of ship ) is send to Cospas Sarsat which forwards it to
LUT ( Local User Terminal ) – It is an grounding station which processed this signal
to determine the position of Distressed ship by Freq Shift Doppler + and ship’s
nationality +its name forwarded these information to MCC ( Mission Control Center ).
3] MCC deliver this information to the appropriate RCC (Rescue Coordinated Center)
who activate SAR ( Search and Rescue units ) such as planes , helicopters , near vessels
forces coast guard ETC .....for Rescue Operation .
4] It is attached outside bridge of ship – when ship sunk and at depth of 4 - 6 meters under
sea water the hydrostatic released EPIRB automatically and began to activate [sent its
emission ] - it is better to be accompanied with survivors to be activated in survival craft .
5] By 121.5 MHz + flash from EPIRB can help planes in searching operation at night
6] It has 3 position { Emergency – Off – Test ]
7] AT sailing EPIRB must be on Emergency position
8] Be careful – When you want to change battery or make repairs you must put it on Off
position other wise it will activate .
9] EPIRB consists of three parts – vertical {Whip] antenna + Distress message generator
and lithium battery .
10] EPIRB must be tested once monthly .[ By putting it on Test position for 5 seconds –
It will flash during this period
11] There is an rope to tie EPIRB with survival craft to be in water instead of putting in boat .
12] EPIRB can be used for all sea area because COSPAS is rotating from pole to pole
13] L – Band EPIRB covers 70N – 70S because comm. SAT covers these range
14] It is important that Distress alert received from vessel in Distress must be sent from two
different and separate sets onboard the ship to be sure from that Distress case
15] There are other kinds of EPIRB :
A] EPIRB : It is used by ships
B] ELT : Emergency Locator Terminal and it is used by aircraft in danger .
C] PLB : Personal locator terminal and it is used by person in danger …
 D] VHF EPIRB : Works on 121.5 MHz and id used for civil aviation ‫الطريان المدني‬.
E] VHF EPIRB : Works on 243 MHz and is used for military aviation ‫الطريان احلريب‬
F] VHF EPIRB : Works on 156.525 MHz CH 70 .
G] HF EPIRB : Works on 2182 kHz
PORTABLE VHF
1] It is two ways VHF- there must be 2 sets on vessels less than 500 tons and 3 on more
than 500 tons .
2] It has two kinds of batteries: - Cadmium + Lithium
3] Cadmium battery is used in ordinary case - charged for 14 hrs & discharged half the time
4] Lithium battery is used in Distress - not chargeable - works only 8 hrs - [on shelf battery ]
5] Its range 2-3 NM
6] It consists mainly of :
A] Vertical Aerial B] External microphone
C] Volume [for max receiving sensitivity] D] On - off key
E] Power key [Low 1W and High 2.5 watt power]
7] It is waterproof
8] It is used for :- A] On scene comm. in case of Distress . ‫االتصال ىف مسرح االحداث‬
B] Between survival craft and rescue vessel in case of Distress .
C] For bridge to bridge comm. .
D] During maneuvering ‫املناورات‬
9] Some important CH and its uses :
A] Ch 16 [ RT] : [156.8 MHz] It is used for Distress Traffic .
B] Ch 70 [ DSC ] : [156.525MHz] Distress + Urgency + Safety + Routine

L-BAND EPIRB [INMARSAT -E]

1]This system uses the Inmarsat system to provide an effective means of Distress alert .
2] Distress message sent by L - Band EPIRB contains MMSI of ship + its position + Time
[ or at least the last positioned time ] .
3] To avoid interference there are only 3 fixed points to receive Inmarsat-E Distress Alert
A] Canberra [IOR] Australia
B] Bremen [AORE] Germany
C] Alameda [POR + AORW] USA
4] Basic concept of L - Band EPIRB that Distress alert transmitted from L-Band EPIRB on
freq 1.6 GHz is stored and relayed by comm. SAT[Geostationary sat AORE– POR-IOR–
AORW ] to CES which relayed this message to appropriate RCC for SAR operation .
5] It takes time to complete its routine route about [ 2 mints]
6] There is an possibility for entering position manually if L - Band EPIRB Is not
connected with GPS [ or GPS is out of order ].
7] It covers areas A1 -A2 -A3 only [ 70N - 70S ] .
8] Its ordinary route is [ L - Band EPIRB - comm. SAT - CES - RCC - SAR ] .
9] Its power RF is nearly 5 watt .
10] It has an Lithium battery + Vertical aerial [Omni directional ]
11] Its battery activate for about 48 hours - also it must be replaced after about 3 years if it
is not used .
12] That action Of L-Band EPIRB gives an rapid delivery of Distress and make an greatly
improves the efficiency With SAR for rescue operation .

GMDSS SETS 2002

Set Freq Power Antenna Function
Located psn of Distressed ship
406 MHz 5 W
EPIRB Vertical To Cospas Sarsat – LUT –
121.5 MHz 100 MW
MCC – RCC – SAR [ 70M]
L– Band “ “ “ “ To Comm SAT –
1.6 GHZ 5Watt “ “
EPIRB RCC – CES – SAR [ 2 M]
SART 9 [3CM] GHZ “ “ Locate survival craft psn
518 kHz To receive MSI auto fm coast
NAVTEX 490 1 kW at stn by English and national
Whip active
4209.5 least language Station code from
A-Z and messages also A-Z
Facilitate to find psn of
P.VHF 156.8 MHz survival craft + During
1 - 2.5 W Vertical
CH 16 maneuvering + from bridge to
bridge comm.
DSC M.F 2187.5 kHz Distress - Urg –Safety –
“ “
Routine
DSC HF 4207.5 + 6312 + 8414.5
“ “ “ “ “ “ “
12577 + 16804.5 kHz
DSC VHF 156.525MHzCH70 “ “ “ “ “ “ “
RT MF 2182 kHz Distress Traffic
RT HF 4125 + 6215 + 8291 + 12290 + 16420 kHz Distress Traffic
RT VHF 156.8 MHz CH16 Distress Traffic
NBDP MF 2174.5 kHz Distress Traffic
NBDP HF 4177.5 + 6286 + 8376.5 +12520 +16690 kHz Distress Traffic
NBDP VHF No Facility
Inmarsat - A 1.6 GHZ Parabolic -Directional Distress – G/Comm [Analogue ]
Inmarsat – C 1.6 GHZ Helical - Omni directional Distress – G/Comm [ Digital]
L - Band 1.6 – 1.5 GHZ For SES “ “
C - Band 6 –4 GHZ For CES “ “
X - Band 9 { 3 Cm } GHZ For SART Locate survival craft psn
GPS Navigational set which is used to Locate ship’s position
Set Battery Time Range
EPIRB Lithium 48 hrs 850 - 1000 KMS [Cospas]
Cadmium { Ordinary } 14 - 7 Hrs
P.VHF 2-3 NM
Lithium {Emergency} 48 Hours
Lithium 96 Hrs stand by
SART 5 – 8 – 12 NM
8 Hrs activate
NAVTEX 200 – 400 NM off shore
 INMARSAT - B : Digital And Analogue
 GPS : Global Position System – It is used to locate the position of ship during its
sailing by the aid of american navigational SAT
 DSC [ Digital Selective Call]
MEANS :
A technique using digital code which enables a radio station to establish contact and transfer
information to specify station or group of stations .
1] DSC is the integral ‫متكامل‬part of GMDSS .
2] It is used for sending Distress Alert .
3] DSC can be used for sending Distress , Urgency , Safety & Routine
4] It is also used for sending ack + Distress relay from coast to ship or from ship to
coast also from ship to ship .
5] DSC system used for calling as follows :-
A] Call to Particular or Group of ship stations .
B] Call to Particular or Group of coast stations .
C] Call to All ships .
D] DSC can be used from : Ship to Shore + Shore to Ship & And from Ship to Ship .
E] DSC of coast consists of 9 figures begins by two 00 [Selective Call 4 figures].
F] DSC of ship consists of 9 figures [Selective Call 5 figures]..
G] DSC can be used in all sea areas [ A1 - A2 - A3 - A4 ] .
DSC ADVANTAGES
1] DSC can be Processed + Stored + Printed and Displayed.
2] DSC overcome fading and interference effect .
3] DSC needs less power .
DSC FREQUENCIES
VHF : 156.525 MHz
MF : 2187.5 kHz
HF : 4207.5 - 6312 - 8414.5 - 12577 - 16804.5 kHz
DSC CONTROLLER
DSC control unit is designed in such a way that the equipment itself puts the calling
sequence together in the correct order . to make complete call , radio operator only has
to type in the relevant information .
Different MMSI [ Maritime Mobile Service ID] :
MIDXXXXXX For calling an specified ship.
0MIDXXXXX For calling group of ships.
00MIDXXXX For calling specify or group of coast stations .
MID Maritime Identification Digit [ Country Number ].
EX 622 is the MID of Egyptian stations
Different MMSI for SAT services :
7 Figures for Inmarsat – A Begins with number 1
9 Figures for Inmarsat - C Begins with number 4
CES ID : A : 2 figures [02] C : 3 figures [103]
Ship in Distress can repeat Distress Alert :
For period 3.5 - 4.5 mints to avoid blocking of ack fm other stations .
Formatting of DSC Calling Sequence
It consists of 12 calling sequences .:
1] Dot Pattern To stop scanning of set of receiving stations.
2] Phasing Sequence Make receivers ready to receive DSC from transmitter .
3] Format Specified Distress Call -All Ships Call - Call to Specify group of
Ships- Certain Geo Area-Dial Phone For Subscriber .
4] Address MMSI number of the ship or coast which being called
Exemptions are made for accidents or Distress Alert - All
ships call
5] Category Distress -Urgency -Safety -Important Traffic - Routine
6] Self Identification The ship's own MMSI [ID]
7] Message 1 Distress case
8] Message 2 Position of ship 10 digits 2 for NE - NW - SE – SW +3 for
Lat +5 for Long if Distress position is not stated digit 9 is
sent 10 times.
9] Message 3 Times 1+2 for hours and 3 + 4 for minutes if time is not stated
digit 8 is sent 4 times .
10] Message 4 Kind of comm. RT or NBDP .
11] End Of Sequence Call require ack or reply for the call
12] Error Check Character An error check character is sent as a control bit for the
entire call.
DSC Distress Alert [ DESIGNATED ] : ‫سؤال عملي‬
1] Press Distress button.
2] Choose frequency to sent Distress Alert .
3] Sent ID of ship [ Stored in set ].
4] Choose Nature of Distress [ From 10 types of Distress ]
5] Put position of ship [ Is stored if set is connecting with GPS set].
6] Put time [Stored]
7] Choose next type of comm. [RT or NBDP if there is any trouble with RT or 0/0/0
DSC Distress Alert [ UNDESIGNATED ] : ‫سؤال عملي‬
Press Distress + Sent buttons for 5 seconds
Distress Relay [ BY COAST ] :
It is sent by coast to alert ship in vicinity of Distress region and these ships may not have
received the original Distress alert.
BY SHIPS :
It is sent by ship to an appropriate coast when the ship receives DSC call on H.F. but this
alert had not been ack by a coast within 5 minutes .
DISTRESS ALERT ACK FREQ [ BY COAST ] :
On the same freq on which Distress alert has been sent [ to stop the repetition of Distress
]
BY SHIP : On RT or NBDP . for Distress Traffic .
*** Ack from coast or ship must be done for a period not less than 1 - 2.45 mints
 to avoid the blocking from sending set for such ack .
NOTE: The Auto Repetition of a Distress call attempt should be terminated automatically
At receiving ack for Distress alert by DSC or operator will press stop key .
Duty of Ship& Coast when receiving DSC Distress alert from ship :
By Ship : On VHF : Must ACK receipt by RT only CH 16 [ 156.8 MHZ]
On MF : Must ACK receipt by RT 2182 KHZ - Telex 2174.5 KHZ.
On HF : If no ACK received from coast station within 5 minutes, ship
must ACK by DSC on the same DSC Distress freq to stop the
repetition of DSC Distress alert and make Distress relay to
appropriate coast station
By Coast : On VHF – MF or HF
1] Make ACK first on the same DSC Distress freq to stop the repetition of DSC Distress Alert.
2] Make Distress Relay to all ships in Distressed Area .
3] Inform RCC for Rescue Operation .
Distress Calls Attempts :
A] Single Freq Call Attempt :
This is 5 consecutive DSC Distress Call on 1 freq MF or HF or VHF.
B] Multi - Freq Call Attempt :
is up to 6 consecutive DSC Distress Call sent over one of 6 freqs on MF & HF bands .
at receipt DSC ACK or by ENT/STOP by original ship in Distress
Test Transmission is not allowed on CH 70 to avoid interference on coast station
Test transmission is allowed on MF with coast station within its range by Test Call
Difference between designated and undesignated Distress :
No Designated Distress Undesignated Distress
1 Send Distress on any freqs 2 –16 MHz Send Distress only on 2187.5 KHz
2 ID of ship in Distress ID of ship in Distress
3 Nature of Distress No Nature of Distress
4 Position + Time Position + Time
5 Type of sub comm. [R/T or NBDP ] Type of sub comm. [R/T only ]
Frequencies which must be used for sending Distress Alert [DSC] +
Distress Traffic by RT or NBDP if RT is out of order ….
BAND DSC RT NBDP
1 VHF 156.525 MHz 156.8 MHz No Facility
2 MF 2187.5 kHz 2182 kHz 2174.5 kHz
3 HF 4207.5 kHz 4125 kHz 4177.5 kHz
4 HF 6312 kHz 6215 kHz 6268 kHz
5 HF 8414.5 kHz 8291 kHz 8376.5 kHz
6 HF 12577 kHz 12290 kHz 12520 kHz
 7 HF 16804..5 kHz 16420 kHz 16695 kHz

MARINE TELEX
1] It an coastal [ Terrestrial] transmission & available in M. Telex bands [MF + HF]
2] It is called [NBDP] Narrow Band Direct Printing .
3] Its components :-VDU [ Video Data Unit ] + Processor + Keyboard + Printer +Telex + Modem
Function Of Modem :- [ Modulator And Demodulator]
It is the heart of Marine Telex - It performs this functions:
A] Calls a specific station using its unique selcall number .
B] Responds to calls from other stations - when it recognize its own selcall.
C] Performs error and correct duties .
D] Sends and receives A/B [ Answer Back] information .
E] Gives certain modes for errors as : ARQ - FEC - SELFEC – Direct Call
Function Of VDU - Keyboard :
VDU : It enables the operator to prepare and store messages +Viewing it on a screen .
keyboard : It allows the operator to prepare and send messages - also to send certain
control signals during telex link up .
Selective Call Number :- Coast consists of 4 figures* For ship consists of 5 figures
Telex Answer Back [A/B] :
1] It is made to ensure that operator is contacting with the correct Subscriber Number
2] It is normal to exchange A/B of both station at the beginning and ending contact .
3] Every coast or ship station must drive its A/B to identify itself .
A/B at beginning to ensure of correct number – and at the end to ack traffic
Examples For A/B : Ship Station : 47579SULEX where:
47579 : Selcall of ship station
SULE : Call sign of ship station
X : Denotes that it is maritime mobile station
Coast Station : 4611GKAG where:
4611 Selcall of coast station
GKA Call sign of coast station [Portshead Radio]
G Nationality of coast station [England]
Land Station : 54121 ARAB un where:
54121 Telex number of subscriber in Alexandria
ARAB un A/B of addressee [ subscriber on land ]
Auto Facility : 3220 AUTOG where:
3220 Selcall of Coast
AUTO Require automatic service
G Nationality of coast station [England]

Three Available Options For Marine Telex :-

1] MAP : [ Manual Assisting Point]
An operator onboard ship can sent his telex by the assistance of the operator in coast
station [By key board and VDU ]
2] Store And Forward :
Ship send telex message to coast where it is stored electronically till subscriber's
Telex is available to receive telex automatically.
3] Direct Link : Ship is connected directly to subscriber's telex and able to send and
receive messages to and from his owner or agent directly .[Modem make that facility]
ERROR CORRECTION : 1] Radio CCT are liable to interference , fading and static's
which mutilate ‫ تشوه‬section or part of Radio Telex messages.
2] An effective mean or error detection way and correction is needed .
3] The modem can operate two methods of error correction [ ARQ and FEC ].
Kinds Of Error Detection And Correction :
ARQ : [Automatic Repetition Request ]
1] A mode used when an telex CCT receives mutilated character , the modem of received
station will automatically request repetition of the mutilated character from modem
of transmitting station until they are received correctly .
2] This ensures virtually ‫ عمليهـ‬for free comm. .
3] It repeats each character 32 times . [Modem of transmitting station do that ] .
4] It used from point to point and wait for answer or reply ..[from modem to modem ].
5] It detects error and correct it .
FEC : [ Forward Error Correction ]
1] It is sent in one direction only without waiting and answer .
2] It repeats each character 2 times [modem of transmitting station do that ], if it is not
corrected in the receiving station , it will appear blank or astric in the receiving set.
3] It detect error but not correct it .
4] It is used to sent WX - NW - Distress alert and notice to mariners .
5] There is another kind of mod called SELFEC and it is used to sent information to
an particular ship by its unique selcall but without waiting and answer .
[like sending telex to ship in port . ]
Direct Mod :
Here no error detection or correction is needed for the two stations are directly contacted .
How to send Telex fm ship to coast station by Marine Telex :
1] Refer to ITU list of coast for Telex freq .
2] Decide which Telex CH you will use by tuning the receiver to coast station transmit freq
[ Some coast emit channel free signal followed by their call sign by Morse ]
3] If strong signal are heard , the operator will presume that coast will hear the call .
4] Tune the transmitter to appropriate paired freq as shown in ITU list on ARQ mod .
5] When CH is free , key in selcall number of coast station.
6] If the call is heard, a response will be received [ A/B of coast station as 3220 AUTOG for
Portshead Radio .] Then GA+ from coast station * select option [ Direct TELEX or store
and forward service via coast ].
7] Key up the code for Auto Service [ DIRTLX12345+ ]
8] You will receive A/B of subscriber on land - Exchange A/B with subscriber
9] When receive GA+ from subscriber , sent your traffic and when you finished with
subscriber , exchange also A/B code then Finish contact by KKKK or NNNN
for duration - Date and Time will appear followed by GA+ . .
10] Then send BRK+ to terminate work and return modem of coast to stand by position
Important Note : Keep notice that no Distress call or message can be sent to all stations
by Marine Telex but you can sent it to an particular coast station
using its pair freq – but 2174.5 + 4177.5 + 6268 + 8376.5 + 12520
+16695 kHz are used only for Distress Traffic .
Important Symbols To Be Used On VDU By Keyboard :
F1 - F2 - F3 - F4 - F9 - F10
F1 [Editor ] : Is a menu that you can write or edit your text before you start to call
- you can also save text on a floppy disk and to load it back to the
editing window
F2 [Address Book ] : Is a menu which has subscriber's telex or fax numbers - it
is arranged alphabetical - it can be used also for write the
destination in a mail call
F3 [ Radio Telex ] : Is a menu where you can activate an mail or direct call to
an subscriber . you can also set modem to scan freq of
stations you want to scan - this menu can be changed by
adding or loosing
F4 [ Directory ] : Is a menu where you can view , erase , print or rename
Contents of your floppy disk .
F9 [System ] : Is an system that you can set up menu to change any part
of marine Telex system .
F10 [ Application ] : Gives you an overview of the function of keys and how to
appreciate it .
NOTE : If you want to choose direct telex from f3 you must write :
DIRTLXXY where :
X : Country code
Y : Subscriber’s number .

[1] TERRESTRIAL CHARGE

1] Charge fm ship to coast +fm coast to ship for R/Telegram :
Ship + coast +land line + surcharge if any charges .
2] Charge from ship to coast & from coast to ship for R/ Telephone
Calls [ Auto Call and Operator Assistance ] :
Automatic Calls : Minimum duration will be one mint .with same previous
 elements ‫العناصر السابقة‬
Operator Assistance : Minimum is 3 minutes with the same previous elements .
3] Factors which can affect charge of R/TFN or Telex charge :
1] Duration of call .
2] Time of call [ Day or Night time ]
3] Destination of call [ National or International ]
4] Band which is used for making the call [ HF - VHF - MF ]
4] Factors Which Fix Duration of Call :
1] The land station 2] Accepted land station . 3] Accepted mobile station .
5] Conditions for refunding charge to sender :
WHOLLY: 1] Telegram is dully delayed
2]Telegram is not arrived to addressee .
3] Telegram has error [All charge will be refund to sender .
PARTLY :
1] Telegram has error in a part of Telegram
[ Charge of this part will be refund to sender]
2] Telegram is not delivered to ship owing to period of retention
[ Charge of coast and ship will be refund ]
3] Telegram is delivered to ship in port by other way than wireless
[ Charge of ship is only refund to sender ]
6] Kinds of free charge Telegrams :
Distress - Urgency - Safety - Medical Advice - Service Advice - Weather report
7] The sender can cancel his Telegram :
If the Telegram is not yet sent - but the Telegram is already transmitted he must sent new
Telegram to cancel it .
8] Non of delivery service is sent from land to ship and from ship to
land & [ Cases for sending such service ]
From ship to land : If Telegram is not delivered to addressee :
1] If house always closed . 2] Addressee left.
3] Addressee refused to receive Telegram . 4] Wrong address .
From Land to Ship :
1] Addressee left the ship in previous port . 2] Addressee not onboard .
Official unit for collect and charge :
GF = 1OO Centimes + SDR = Special Drawing Right = 3.061 GF .
GF = Golden Franc
Charge Of Radio Telegram :
charge per word =
SS = 40 CMS + CC = 60 CMS + LL = 30 CMS
Total charge per word = 130 CMS = 1.3 GF
Charge of 20 words :
Ship charge = 20 x 40 = 800 CMS = 8 GF
Coast charge = 20 x 60 = 1200 CMS = 12 GF
Land line charge = 20 x 30 = 600 CMS = 6 GF
Total charge for 20 words = 8 + 12 + 6 = 26 GF
Total charge in one step = 20 x 130 = 2600 CMS = 26 GF

Minimum number of ordinary word for Radio Telegram = 7 words

Maximum charge per word for Radio Telegram = 40 + 60 + 30 = 130 cms

[2] SATELLITE CHARGE

The base elements charge via Inmarsat?
Inmarsat charge + CES + Land Line Charge + Surcharge if any .
Note that inmarsat charge is collected by CES
Difference in charge between Inmarsat - A & C :
A: By Duration in minute - C : By bits
* COMPLETE :
1 Character = ........ byte = .......... bits [ 1 - 8 ]
1 Kilobit = ..... bites = .... bytes/characters [ 1024 - 128 ]
A standard 7 bits telex message store and forward to Egypt via Maadi LES consisting of
800 characters - charge per quarter of kilobit [ 256 bits] the charge is 1.5625 per unit -
find the charge for that Telex ?
Charge = 800 x 7 = 5600  256 = 21 . 8 [22] . 1.5625 x 22 = 34.3 GF
Charge for Telex sent by Inmarsat A :
Automatic Operation : By duration [ Minimum is 6 sec ].
Operator Assistance : Minimum is 3 minutes .
Charge for R/T call via Inmarsat – A :
Auto : Minimum 6 seconds [ 4M + 42 Sec] = 42  60 = 0.7 = 4.7 M
Operator Assistance : Minimum is 3 minutes .

SOME IMPORTANT ABBREVIATIONS

ABBV MEANING
AOR Atlantic Ocean Region ‫منطقه المحيط األطلنطي‬
ARQ Automatic Repetition Request ‫مطلوب إعادة اوتوماتيكيه‬
ADE Above Deck Equipment ‫أجهزه فوق سطح الباخرة‬
A/D Analogue to Digital Converter‫محول من نغميه إلى رقميه‬
ACU Antenna control unit‫وحده تحكم الهوائي‬
A/B Answer Back [Telex] )‫الرد العكسي ( تلكس‬
BUS + Busy [Telex] )‫مشغول ( تلكس‬
BDE Below Deck Equipment ‫أجهزه تحت سطح الباخرة‬
BRK + Break [ Telex ] ‫عالمة نهاية العمل بالتلكس‬
CES Coast Earth Station ‫محطة ساحليه مجهزه بقمر صناعي‬
CCD + Terminate Radio CCT [Break] ‫نهاية العمل لدائرة السلكيه‬
CCU Common control unit ‫وحده التحكم العامة‬
COSPAS Space System for Search & Rescue of Ship in Distress [ Russian]
) ‫النظام الفضائي لبحث وإنقاذ الباخرة المستغيثة ( ترجمه من اللغة الروسية‬
CSS Coordinator Surface Search ‫تنسيق البحث السطحي‬
CI + Conversation Impossible [ Telex ] ) ‫المحادثة مستحيلة ( تلكس‬
DIRTLX+ : Request for Direct Connection – For an specific subscriber ‫مطلوب اتصال مباشر لمشترك معين‬
DMG Distress Message Generator ‫مولد اشاره االستغاثة‬
DMC Distress Message Converter ‫محول اشاره االستغاثة‬
DSC Digital Selective Call ‫النداء المختار الرقمي‬
D/A Digital to Analogue Converter ‫نغميه محول من رقميه إلى‬
DER + Out Of Order [ Telex ] ‫عاطل – عاطلة‬
ELT Emergency Locator Terminal ‫محطة الطوارئ المحلية‬
EME External mounted equipment ‫أجهزه مركبه خارجيا‬
EGC Enhanced Group Call ‫النداء إلى مجموعات بنظام متطور‬
ERR + Error ‫خطـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــأ‬
EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon ‫فنار السلكي يحدد موقع االستغاثة‬
FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing ‫تقسيمه متعددة للتردد‬
FEC Forward Error Correction ‫تصحيح خطأ متقدم‬
FSK Frequency Shift Keying ‫تعديل بإزاحة التردد‬
FSD Frequency Shift Doppler ‫نظريه دوبلر لتحديد الموقع بإزاحة التردد‬
GA+ Invitation to Send – { To proceed – to transmit } ‫دعوه لإلرسال‬
GOC General Operator Certificate ‫الشهادة العامة‬
GPS Global Position System ‫النظام العالمي لتحديد الموقع‬
GMDSS Global Position Distress And Safety System ‫النظام العالمي للسالمه واالمان‬
HSD High Speed Data ‫داتا ذات سرعة عاليه‬
IOR Indian Ocean Region ‫منطقه المحيط الهندي‬
IFRB International Freq Radio Beacon ‫التردد الدولي للفنار الالسلكي‬
IME Internal mounted equipment ‫أال جهزه المركبة داخليا‬
IMN Inmarsat Mobile Number ‫رقم األقمار المتحرك‬
IMO International Maritime Organization ‫المنظمة البحرية الدولية‬
INMARSAT International Maritime Rescue SAT ‫القمر الدولي البحري لإلنقاذ‬
ITU International Telecommunication Union ‫االتحاد الدولي لالتصاالت‬
IF Intermediate Frequency ‫تردد متوسط‬
KKKK + End Of Facility-Date - And Duration Of Call ‫نهاية االتصال ومطلوب المدة والتاريخ‬
LES Land Earth Station ‫محطة أرضيه مجهزه بقمر صناعي‬
LUT Local User Terminal ‫محطة المستعمل المحلية‬
ID Identification Number ‫رقم تحديد الهوية للمحطة الالسلكية‬
GF Golden Franc = 100 Centimes ‫ سنتيم‬100 = ‫الجولدن فرنك‬
MODEM Modulation And Demodulation ) ‫تعديل ( إرسال واستقبال‬
MID Maritime Identification Number [Country Number] ‫الرقم البحري الذي يحدد الهوية‬
MRCC Maritime Rescue Coordinated Center ‫المركزـ البحري لتنسيق اإلنقاذ‬
MRCS Maritime Rescue Coordinated Station ‫محطة التنسيق البحري لإلنقاذ‬
MSI Maritime Safety Information ‫معلومات السالمة البحرية‬
MAP Manual Assisting Point ) ‫نقطه المساعدة اليدوية ( توصيل اشاره من الباخرة لألرض طريق السلكي الساحلية‬
MCF Message Channel Failure ‫فشل أو عطل قناة اإلشارات‬
MCC Mission Control Center ‫مركز تحكم اإلرسال‬
MF Medium frequency ‫تردد متوسط‬
MMSI Maritime Mobile Service Identification ‫رقم الخدمه البحري الذي يحدد هويه المحطة‬
NCC Network Coordinated Center ‫مركز تنسيق الشبكات‬
NBDP Narrow Band Direct Print ) ‫الحيز الضيق للطبع المباشر ( التلكس‬
NCS Network Coordinated Station ‫محطة تنسيق الشبكات‬
NAVTEX Navigation By Telex ‫إنذار مالحي بنظام التلكس‬
NDN Non Delivery Notification ‫أفاده بعدم التسليم‬
NL + New Line ‫ال يوجد خط‬
NA + No Circuit ‫ال توجد دائرة‬
NP + Telex number is not connect ‫رقم التلكس غير موصل‬
NOC + No Connection ‫ال يوجد اتصال‬
NC + No Circuit – No Channel ‫ال توجد دائرة أو قناة شاغرة‬
NCH + Telex number called has been changed ‫رقم التلكس المطلوبـ قد تغير‬
OCC + Occupied ‫مشغول‬
O/O/O + Out of order { DER } ‫عاطل‬
OCC Operational Control Center ‫مركز تحكم العمليات‬
OPU Operational Panel Unit ‫الوحدة االستشارية للعمليات‬
OSC On Scene Commander ) ‫قائد مسرح األحداث ( منطقه الغرق‬
PLB Person Locator Beacon ‫فنار شخصي محلى‬
PSU Power Supply Unit ‫وحده تحكم التيار‬
POR Pacific Ocean Region ‫منطقه المحيط الباسيفيكي‬
PSK Phase shift keying ) ‫تعديل موجه باال زاحه ( لحيز التردد العالي جدا‬
RSC Rescue Search Center ‫مركز البحث واإلنقاذ‬
ROP Responsible Operator Position ‫موقع الضابط المسئول‬
ROP + Read Out Printer - Ribbon of printer ‫اقرأ الطابعة – غير شريط الطابعة‬
RTL + Radio Telex to be delivered by post ‫تلكس السلكي مطلوب توزيعه بالبريد‬
RLS Release { Terminate work by SAT } ‫نهابه العمل بالقمر الصناعي – تحرير خط القمر‬
RX Receiver ‫جهاز االستقبال‬
ROC Restricted Operator Certificate ‫الشهادة المقيدة‬
RCC Rescue Coordinated Center ‫مركز تنسيق عمليه اإلنقاذ‬
RTT Radio Telephone Telex ‫تليفون وتلكس السلكي‬
REF + There Was A Failure In Remote Equipment ‫هناك خطأ في وحده التحكم من بعد‬
RR Radio Regulation ‫قانون دولي‬
RB Radio Beacon ‫فنار السلكي‬
RF Radio Frequency ‫تردد السلكي‬
RSC Rescue Sub Center ‫مركز اإلنقاذ التابع‬
SES Ship Earth Station ‫باخرة مجهزه بقمر صناعي‬
SART Search And Rescue Transponder ‫جهاز البحث واإلنقاذ المستجيب‬
SSB Single Side Band ‫حيز جانبي مفرد‬
SRR Search And Rescue Region ‫منطقه البحث واإلنقاذ‬
SARSAT Search And Rescue Sat Aid Tracking ‫قمر البحث واإلنقاذ الذي بساعد في عمليه التتبع‬
SAR Search And Rescue Units ‫وحدات البحث واإلنقاذ‬
SPOC Search And Rescue Point Of Control ‫نقطه تحكم البحث واإلنقاذ‬
SOLAS Safety Of Life At Sea ‫سالمه األرواح في البحر‬
SDR Special Drawing Rights 3. 061 GF ‫ من الجولدن فرنك‬3.061 ‫عمله حق الرسم الخاص ويساوى‬
SCC Satellite Control Center‫مركز تحكم القمر الصناعي‬
S.C Selective Call ‫نداء مختار‬
Space segment The geostationary body of SAT ‫جسم القمر الصناعي الثابت جغرافيا‬
TDM Time Division Multiplexing ‫تقسيمه متعددة للوقت‬
TOR Telegram Over Radio ‫تلغراف برسل طريق الراديو‬
TR Trip Of Ship ‫رحله السفينة‬
TV Television ‫التليفزيون‬
TCU Terminal control unit ‫وحده تحكم المحطة‬
TlX…XY : Telex to be Store and Forward { X : Country code + Y: Subscriber’s number
‫ التلكس خزن في الساحلية ثم برسل لألرض – رقم البلد‬X ‫ رقم المشترك‬+ Y
TCI Telex Channel Interface ‫توصيل قناة التلكس‬
TX Transmitter ‫جهاز اإلرسال‬
UTC Universal Time Coordinate ‫الوقت العالمي المتفق عليه‬
UFN + Until Further Notice ‫حتى إشعار أخر‬
URG + Urgent assistance required ‫مطلوب مساعده عاجله‬
UNK + Unknown [ Telex ] ) ‫غير معروف بالتلكس ( العنوان‬
VDU Video Display Unit )‫وحده عرض الشاشة ( الفيديو‬
WWNWS World Wide Navigational Warning System ‫المالحية‬ ‫النظام العالمي العريض الذاعه اإلنذارات‬
WX Weather Report ‫التقرير الجوى – الحالة الجوية من الساحلية للبواخر‬
WFA Wrong Final A/B ‫الرد العكسي النهائي به خط‬
 WRU + Who Are You ? By Telex ‫يطلب الرد العكسي ? من أنت‬ ‫بالتلكس‬
Some Important Abbreviations For Second Class
ABBV MEANING ABBV MEANING
AORE Atlantic Ocean Region East RR Radio Regulation
AORW Atlantic Ocean Region West RSC Rescue Sub Center
ARQ Automatic Repetition Request RF Radio Frequency
SART Search and Rescue Transponder
ADE Above Deck Equipment S South
A/D Analogue To Digital TDM Time Division Multiplexing
AAIC Account Authority Id Code TCU Terminal Control Unit
BDE Below Deck Equipments TOR Telegram Over Radio
CSS Coast Surface Station VDU Video Display Unit
COSPAS Space System [Russian] WWNWS World Wide Nav War system
D/A Digital To Analogue WMO World Maritime Org
DMG Distress Message Generator W West
DMC Distress Message Converter IMPORTANT TELEX ABBV
ELT Emergency Locator Terminal BUS+ Busy [Telex]
EGC Enhanced Group Call BRK+ Terminate Work
EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
E East CCD+ Call Cut
FSK Freq Shift Keying DER+ CCT Out Of Order [O/O/O]
FM Freq Modulation DIRTLX..XY Direct Telex
FEC Forward Error Correction ERR Error
FDM Freq Division Multiplexing EOS+ End Of Sequence
FAX Facsimile GA+ Go Ahead – Transmit
HSD High Speed Data KKKK-NNNN Require Time & Duration
IMN Intern Maritime Number MAP+ Manual Assisting Point
IOR Indian Ocean Region MOM+ Moment
IFRB Intern Registration Board MODEM Modulation & demodulation
LUT Local User Terminal NBDP Narrow band direct Printing
MCC Mission Control Center NDN Notice Of None Delivery
MSI Maritime Safety Information NI+ No Information
MCF Message Channel Failure NL+ New Line
MRCC Maritime Rescue Coordinate Center NA-NC+ No Circuit – No Channel
NCS Network Coordinate Station NP+ Telex nr is not connected
NCC Network Coordinate Center NCH+ Telex Nr Has Been Changed
NAVAREA Area After 400 Nm OCC+ Occupied
NAVTEX Navigation By Telex OOO+ Out Of Order [ DER]
NM Nautical Miles QBF Quick brown fox message
OCC Operational Control Center ROP+ Read Out Paper
OSC On Scene Commander REQ+ Request
OPU Operational Panel Unit RTT Radio Telephone – Telex
POR Pacific Ocean Region RTL+ R/telex to delivered by post
PSU Power Supply Unit TCI+ Terminal channel interface
PSK Phase Shift Keying TBD+ To Be Decided
PLB Personal Locator Beacon TCU+ Terminal Control Unit
RCC Rescue Coordinated Center UFN+ Until Further Notice
RU Rescue Unit UNK+ Unknown [ No Code Known]
ROP Responsible operator position WRU+ Who are you [A/B]
RLS Release WFA+ Wrong final A/B
M . HASSANAIN ALEX 10 - 4 – 2001
NEW COMPARISON
1] Difference between EPIRB and L - Band EPIRB
 No EPIRB L- BAND EPIRB
1 Send on 406 + 121.5 MHz Send on 1.6 GHZ
2 Sent ID to COSPAS + LUT + MCC + Sent to comm. SAT + RCC+ CES +SAR
RCC + CES + SAR [ 70 M]
[ 2 Mints ]
3 Needs to determine its position by FSD Attached to GPS So it can its position
4 Covers all sea areas Covers between 70N - 70S
5 Position is accurate within 5 N.M Position is accurate
2] Difference between OBS and WX
No OBS WX
1 It is sent from ship to coast It is sent from coast to ships at fixed times
2 Its text is in digital form Its text is in plain form
3 It has reduced charge It is free of charge
3] Difference between Link up + Link down
No Coast Earth Station Ship Earth Station
1 Link up 6 GHz Link up 1.6 GHz
2 Link down 4 GHz Link down 1.5 GHz
4] To terminate works by Marine Telex and SAT
No Marine Telex SAT
1 BRK+ RLS or 5 Dots [ . . . . . ]
5] Difference between SOLAS and GMDSS System
SOLAS System GMDSS
1] Carriage of sets According to tone of ship 1] According to sailing area
2] Manual listening watch 2] Auto watch
3] Distress is from ship to ship 3] Distress is from Ship to shore
6] Difference between SAT Charge + Terrestrial Charge
Terrestrial Charge SAT Charge
1] R/Telegram : Per word - word must not INMARSAT A:
exceed R/T : Minimum is 6 sec
10 character - ship + coast + LL charge R/Telex : Same as R/T + landline Charge
must be collected Nat or international
2] R/T : Per minute and second - ship +coast Auto call : Minimum is 6 sec
Op. Assist : Minimum is 3 minute
+ LL must be collected with Sur charge if INMARSAT C:
any [collect + personal + Nat or 1] It is collected as the charge of bit or byte
international charge ] [ charac] .
3] TELEX : Same as R/T 2] Each CES has its way for charge [ for one
4] AUTO CALL : Min is 1 mint kilobits or quarter kilobits 256 bit ]
.5] Operator Assistance : Min is 3 minutes
7] Difference between SAT & Terrestrial comm.
SAT. System Terrestrial System
1] Inmarsat A - B - C [ Comm. + Distress ] 1] VHF [ RT + DSC ]
2] Cospas Sarsat [ 406 + 121.5 MHz] 2] MF [ RT + DSC ]
3] Inmarsat - M [ Not deal with GMDSS ] 3] HF [ RT + DSC ]
4] Inmarsat E [L -band EPIRB]1.6 GHz [Distress] 4] M .TELEX - [NBDP]

8] Advantage of “SAT" Comm. than “HF” Comm.

ITEM SAT HF
 1] Ionosphere fading None Exist
2] Operating freq. Selection Not necessary Necessary
3] Channel capacity Large Limited
4] Telephone Readability 100 % 60 % SSB
5] Privacy 100 % 0%
9] Difference Between Cospas Sarsat And Inmarsat SAT
COSPAS SARSAT INMARSAT SAT
1] 6-8 orbital sat at 850-1000 km height 1] 4 operational plus 4 stand by 36000 km
2] Rotates around the earth near pole 2] Rotates around equator with same speed of
with higher speed then earth
earth [ geostationary]
3] Receives only from EPIRB 3] Receives + Transmits [RCC + CES + SAR]
4] Used for alerting Distress only from 4] [SES] Used L- band 1.6 -1.5 GHz
[CES]Used C- band 6 - 4 GHz
EPIRB 406 + 121.5 MHz to LUT-

MCC-RCC-SAR
5] Rotates around earth in 100 mints 5] Used for Distress + Urgency +Safety + MSI
[Orbital] + General comm.
19] Difference between Simplex + Duplex operation
No Simplex Operation Duplex Operation
1 Transmission is made between stations Transmission is made between two stations
in one direction by one aerial and one with two freqs and two aerials in both
frequency directions [for heavy traffic ]
11] Difference between Designated and Undesignated Distress
No Designated Distress Undesignated Distress
1 Send Distress on any freqs 4 – 16 MHz Send Distress only on 2187.5 KHz
2 ID of ship in Distress ID of ship in Distress
3 Nature of Distress No Nature of Distress
4 Position + Time Position + Time
5 Type of sub comm. [R/T or NBDP ] Type of sub comm. [R/T only ]
Difference between Safety and Fleet Net ]12
No SAFETY NET FLEET NET
1 Free of charge Chargeable
2 Used to send NW – OBS - Gives a particular services as bulletins of
METEO -notice to mariners MSI markets-commercial weather services-price
Distress alert ETC. of fish - sea surface temperature - charts
Difference between EGC and NAVTEX ]13
No EGC NAVTEX
1 SAT Long Distance Comm. Short [Coastal] Distance Comm.
2 B/C by SAT [ 70N TO 70S ] Its range 200 - 400 NM
3 It send on 1.5 GHZ to ships Freq 518 + 490+ 4209.5 kHz [F1B] printed.
4 It is divided into safety &fleet NET Sent MSI [ Distress Alert-WX –Meteo -Notice

to mariners F1B - J2B]

Difference between Inmarsat A & C ]14

 Inmarsat - A Inmarsat - C
Service TELEX - TFN - FAX SEMI FAX-TELEX-DATA
Transmission Immediate Store & Forward
Antenna Parabolic Antenna Omni Directional
EGC No [ with sep digital receiver] Yes
Weight 120 Kg 10 kg
Electronics TFN Dialogue Digital
Data speed High Speed Low Speed
Price Expensive Cheap
Duration Minutes Bytes
Difference between Direct Link and Store & Forward ]15
DIRECT TELEX LINK STORE AND FORWARD
Means ships is connected directly The ship sends Telex to the coast station where
through subscriber's Telex, and is able It is stored electronically until Subscriber's
to send and receive messages to owner Telex is available to receive the message
or agent directly

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARQ AND FEC ]16

ARQ FEC
Repeat each character 32 times detect It repeat each letter twice, if it is not corrected
errors and correct it . Comm is it will appeared blank or (*) At receiving
Between two points. station [ WX - N/W - Meteo-Notice to mariners
- Distress Alert
17] Difference between Medico and Medical Advice
Medico Medical advice
A service, which is provided by coast, It is a service which is provided by in Coast
stations using the urgency call Earth Station [CES ] - whereby the CES will
[ PAN PAN ] and message .. Whereby connect the ship to the nearest medical canter
the coast station will connect the ship using the two digit code [32-38 ] for medical
to the nearest medical center for advice - it is free of charge ..
medical advice - it is free of charge .
Difference between Log in- Log out ]18
No Log in Log out
1 It means to point your antenna to You are not receive signal or receive an weak
sat and receive strong signal from signals from NCS in your ocean region
NCS in your ocean region
1] If you want to switch off your SES for any reason for a period of Time you
must log out from NCS's signals.
2] If you did not make log out , CES will keeps on calling you -your ship will
never receive such traffic , moreover some CES will charge sender for such trial
3] Some Inmarsat makes this automatically ,but other you must make this manually
by inserting some information such as Elevation, Azimuth , Bearing , TDM

19] Difference between Simplex + Duplex operation

No Simplex Operation Duplex Operation
 1 Transmission is made between stations Transmission is made between two stations
in one direction by one aerial and one with two freqs and two aerials in both
frequency directions [for heavy traffic ]
20] Difference between single and multi attempt calling
SINGLE ATTEMPT MULTI ATTEMPT
Sent 5 subsequent call on one freq [HF] 2187.5 Sent up to 6 consecutive DSC Distress call
– 4 - 6 - 8 -12 -16 [VHF] 156.525 MHz. over the six DSC freq of MF+ HF.
21] How to make Telephone call by Inmarsat -A :
EX: - 0044517337211# [hatch]
Where: - 00 Is For automatic service
44 Is the country code [UK]
51 Is the area code [Liverpool]
7337211 Is the subscriber number
# Is the end of selection sign
Note: To terminate the call: hang up the handset

22] SHIP TO SHIP TELEPHONE CALL

EX: - 008711234567#
Where : - 00 Is for Automatic service
871 Is ocean region code [Atlantic]
123456700 ID of required ship in Atlantic ocean region
# End of selection sign

23] TELEX CALL FROM SHIP TO LAND

EX:- 005146119 +
Where : -
00 Request Automatic service
51 Telex country of destination
46119 Telex subscribers number
+ End of selection sign

24] The Five Major Components Which Complete Comm. Of SAT

1] Space Segment. 2] OCC. 3] NCS. 4] CES. 5] SES.

: )Distress signal (‫إشارات االستغاثة‬

.‫إطالق صوت مسدس أو إي تفجير صوتي كإشارة استغاثة بفترة زمنية محددة حوال دقيقة واحد‬

.‫صوت مستمر لجهاز إشارة الضباب بالباخرة‬

.‫صواريخ أو خراطيش نجوم نارية بلون احمر تنطلق هذه اإلشارات بفترات قصيرة‬
‫‪SOS‬‬ ‫إرسال إشارة االستغاثة بواسطة راديو تلغراف متكونة من الحروف‬

‫‪may day‬‬ ‫إرسال إشارة بواسطة راديو تلفون المتكون من الكلمة‬

‫ترفع بواسطة األعالم إشارة األعالم ‪NC‬‬

‫إشارة متكونة من علم مربع فوقها أو تحتها كرة أو أشبه بدائرة‬

‫عمل حريق على مؤخرة الباخرة‬

‫صواريخ البراشوت والشعلة اليدوية والتي تعطى اشلرة حمراء‬

‫إشارة الدخان ‪SS‬والتي تعطي لون برتقالي‬

‫رفع وخفض األذرع المنددة‬

‫إعطاء إشارة إنذار عبر الراديو تلفون بواسطة ‪GMDSS‬‬

‫‪ EPRIP‬و تشغيل جهاز ‪ SART‬إرسال إشارة االستغاثة بواسطة جهاز‬