SIMAD UNIVERSITY ‫جــامــعـــة ســـيــمــد‬

JAAMACADDA SIMAD

September 30, 2021

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Subject : Pearson Starting Out with Python 5rd Tony Gaddis (2021)

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Q1) What is a program?
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A1) Program: set of instructions computer follows to perform a specific task.

Q2) What is hardware?

A2) Hardware : physical device, components a computer is made of.

Q3) List the five major components of a computer system.

A3) CPU, main memory, secondary storage devices, input device, output device.

Q4) What part of the computer actually runs programs?

A4) CPU, central processing unit.

Q5) What part of the computer serves as a work area to store a program and its data while the
program is running?

A5) main memory.

Q6) What part of the computer holds data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to
the computer?

A6) Secondary Storage.

Q7) What part of the computer collects data from people and from other devices?

A7) input device(s).

Q8) What part of the computer formats and presents data for people or other devices?

A8) output device(s).

Q9) What fundamental set of programs control the internal operations of the computer’s hardware?

A9) System software.

Q10) What do you call a program that performs a specialized task, such as a virus scanner, a file
compression program, or a data backup program?

A10) utility programs.

Q11) Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers, and game
programs belong to what category of software?

A11) Application software.

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Q12) What amount of memory is enough to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number?

A12) a byte.

Q13) What do you call a tiny “switch” that can be set to either on or off?

A13) a bit.

Q14) In what numbering system are all numeric values written as sequences of 0s and 1s?
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A14) binary.

Q15) What is the purpose of ASCII?

A15) to encode and store characters( letters and punctuation).

Q16) What encoding scheme is extensive enough to represent the characters of many of the
languages in the world?

A16) Unicode.

Q17) What do the terms “digital data” and “digital device” mean?

A17) anything using binary numbers, any device that works with binary data.

Q18) A CPU understands instructions that are written only in what language?

A18) machine language.

Q19) A program has to be copied into what type of memory each time the CPU executes it?

A19) main memory.

Q20) When a CPU executes the instructions in a program, it is engaged in what process?

A20) fetch-decode-execute cycle.

Q21) What is assembly language?

A21) assembly language: a low level language, substitutes for machine language, still very close in
nature to machine language.

Q22) What type of programming language allows you to create powerful and complex programs
without knowing how the CPU works?

A22) high level languages.

Q23) Each language has a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program. What is
this set of rules called?

A23) syntax.

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Q24) What do you call a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate
machine language program?

A24) complier.

Q25) What do you call a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level
language program?

A25) interpreter. September 30, 2021

Q26) What type of mistake is usually caused by a misspelled keyword, a missing punctuation
character, or the incorrect use of an operator?

A26) syntax error.

Review Questions
Multiple Choice

1. A(n) __________ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

a. compiler b. program c. interpreter d. programming language

2. The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as __________.

a. hardware b. software c. the operating system d. tools

3. The part of a computer that runs programs is called __________.

a. RAM b. secondary storage c. main memory d. the CPU

4. Today, CPUs are small chips known as __________.

a. ENIACs b. microprocessors c. memory chips d. operating systems

5. The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program
is working with, in __________.

a. secondary storage b. the CPU c. main memory d. the microprocessor

6. This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a pro- gram is
running.

a. RAM b. secondary storage c. the disk drive d. the USB drive

7. A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the
computer, is called __________.

a. RAM b. main memory c. secondary storage d. CPU storage

8. A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called
__________.

a. an output device b. an input device c. a secondary storage device d. main memory

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9. A video display is a(n) __________ device.

a. output b. input c. secondary storage d. main memory

10. A __________ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number.

a. byte b. bit c. switch d. transistor

11. A byte is made up of eight __________.

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a. CPUs b. instructions c. variables d. bits

12. In the __________ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s.

a. hexadecimal b. binary c. octal d. decimal

13. A bit that is turned off represents the following value: __________.

a. 1 b. −1 c. 0 d. “no”

14. A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and
other characters is __________.

a. binary numbering b. ASCII c. Unicode d. ENIAC26

15. An extensive encoding scheme that can represent characters for many languages in the world is
__________.

a. binary numbering b. ASCII c. Unicode d. ENIAC

16. Negative numbers are encoded using the __________ technique.

a. two’s complement b. floating point c. ASCII d. Unicode

17. Real numbers are encoded using the __________ technique.

a. two’s complement b. floating point c. ASCII d. Unicode

18. The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called __________.

a. bits b. bytes c. color packets d. pixels

19. If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see __________.

a. Python code b. a stream of binary numbers c. English words d. circuits

20. In the __________ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it
should perform.

a. fetch b. decode c. execute d. deconstruct

21. Computers can only execute programs that are written in __________.

a. Java b. assembly language c. machine language d. Python

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 22. The __________ translates an assembly language program to a machine language program.

a. assembler b. compiler c. translator d. interpreter

23. The words that make up a high-level programming language are called __________.

a. binary instructions b. mnemonics c. commands d. keywords

24. The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called __________.

a. syntax b. punctuation c. keywords d. operators

25. A(n) __________ program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine
language program.

a. assembler b. compiler c. translator d. utility

True or False

False 1. Today, CPUs are huge devices made of electrical and mechanical components such as
vacuum tubes and switches.
True 2. Main memory is also known as RAM.
True 3. Any piece of data that is stored in a computer’s memory must be stored as a binary number.

False 4. Images, like the ones created with your digital camera, cannot be stored as binary numbers.

True 5. Machine language is the only language that a CPU understands.

False 6. Assembly language is considered a high-level language.

True 7. An interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a
high- level language program.
False 8. A syntax error does not prevent a program from being compiled and executed.

False 9. Windows, Linux, Android, iOS, and macOS are all examples of application software.

False 10. Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers, and
games are all examples of utility programs.

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Short Answer

Q1) Why is the CPU the most important component in a computer?

A1) The CPU is the most important component in a computer is because without it you would not be
able to run any type of software on the computer.

Q2) What number does a bit that is turned on represent? What number does a bit that is turned off
represent?

A2) The number a bit that is turned on represents the number 1.

The number a bit that is turned off represents the number 0.

Q3) What would you call a device that works with binary data?

A3) The device that works with binary data is called Digital device.

Q4) What are the words that make up a high-level programming language called?

A4) The word that make up a high-level programming language are called Keywords or reserved words.

Q5) What are the short words that are used in assembly language called?

A5) The short words that are used in assembly language is called Mnemonics.

Q6) What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?

A6) A compiler is a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine
language.

An interpreter is a program that both translate and executes the instructions in a high-level language
program.

Q7) What type of software controls the internal operations of the computer’s hardware?

A7) The Operating systems is the software that controls the internal operations of the computer's
hardware.

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