6.

LED PROJECTOR
P-ISM LED PROJECTOR

6. LED PROJECTOR

The role of monitor is taken by LED Projector which projects on the screen. The size of the
projector is of A4 size. It has the approximate resolution capacity of 1024 X 768. Thus it is gives
more clarity and good picture.

Fig.6.1 Diagram of Led Projector

A video projector is a device that receives a video signal and projects the corresponding image
on a projection screen using a lens system. All video projectors use a very bright light to project
the image, and most modern ones can correct any curves, blurriness, and other inconsistencies
through manual settings. Video projectors are widely used for conference room presentations,
classroom training, home theatre and live events applications. Projectors are widely used in
many schools and other educational settings, connected to an interactive whiteboard to
interactively teach pupils.

6.1 OVERVIEW

A video projector, also known as a digital projector, may be built into a cabinet with a rear-
projection screen (rear-projection television, or RPTV) to form a single unified display
device, now popular for “home theatre” applications.

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Common display resolutions for a portable projector include SVGA (800×600 pixels), XGA
(1024×768 pixels), 720p (1280×720 pixels), and 1080p (1920×1080 pixels).

The cost of a device is not only determined by its resolution, but also by its brightness. A
projector with a higher light output (measured in lumens, symbol “lm”) is required for a larger
screen or a room with a high amount of ambient light. A rating of 1500 to 2500 ANSI lumens or
lower is suitable for smaller screens with controlled lighting or low ambient light. Between 2500
and 4000 lm is suitable for medium-sized screens with some ambient light or dimmed light. Over
4000 lm is appropriate for very large screens in a large room with no lighting control (for
example, a conference room). Projected image size is important; because the total amount of
light does not change, as size increases, brightness decreases. Image sizes are typically measured
in linear terms, diagonally, obscuring the fact that larger images require much more light
(proportional to the image area, not just the length of a side). Increasing the diagonal measure of
the image by 25% reduces the image brightness by more than one-third (35%); an increase of
41% reduces brightness by half.

6.2 PROJECTION TECHNOLOGIES

CRT projector using cathode ray tubes. This typically involves a blue, a green, and a red tube.
This is the oldest system still in regular use, but falling out of favor largely because of the bulky
cabinet. However, it does provide the largest screen size for a given cost. This also covers three
tube home models, which, while bulky, can be moved (but then usually require complex picture
adjustments to get the three images to line up correctly).

LCD projector using LCD light gates. This is the simplest system, making it one of the most
common and affordable for home theaters and business use. Its most common problem is a
visible “screen door” or pixelation effect, although recent advances have minimized this.

The most common problem with the single- or two-DMD varieties is a visible “rainbow” which
some people perceive when moving their eyes. More recent projectors with higher speed (2x or
4x) and otherwise optimized color wheels have lessened this artifact. Systems with 3 DMDs
never have this problem, as they display each primary color simultaneously.

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Hybrid LED and Laser diode system developed by Casio. Uses a combination of Light Emitting
Diodes and 445nm laser diodes as the light source, while image is processed with DLP (DMD)
chip.

Laser diode projectors have been developed by Micro vision and Aaxa Technologies. Micro
vision laser projectors use Micro vision’s patented laser beam-steering technology, whereas
Aaxa Technologies uses laser diodes + LCoS.

6.3 TYPES OF LED DISPLAY

There are two types of LED panels: conventional (using discrete LEDs) and surface-mounted
device (SMD) panels. Most outdoor screens and some indoor screens are built around discrete
LEDs, also known as individually mounted LEDs. A cluster of red, green, and blue diodes is
driven together to form a full-color pixel, usually square in shape. These pixels are spaced evenly
apart and are measured from center to center for absolute pixel resolution. The largest LED
display in the world is over 1,500 ft (457.2 m) long and is located in Las Vegas, Nevada
covering the Fremont Street Experience. The largest LED television in the world is the Center
Hung Video Display at Cowboys Stadium, which is 160 × 72 ft (49 × 22 m), 11,520 square feet
(1,070 m2).

Most indoor screens on the market are built using SMD technology—a trend that is now
extending to the outdoor market. An SMD pixel consists of red, green, and blue diodes mounted
in a single package, which is then mounted on the driver PC board. The individual diodes are
smaller than a pinhead and are set very close together. The difference is that the maximum
viewing distance is reduced by 25% from the discrete diode screen with the same resolution.

Indoor use generally requires a screen that is based on SMD technology and has a minimum
brightness of 600 candelas per square meter (cd/m²), sometimes informally called nits). This will
usually be more than sufficient for corporate and retail applications, but under high ambient-
brightness conditions, higher brightness may be required for visibility. Fashion and auto shows
are two examples of high-brightness stage lighting that may require higher LED brightness.
Conversely, when a screen may appear in a shot on a television studio set, the requirement will
often be for lower brightness levels with lower color temperatures; common displays have a

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white point of 6500–9000 K, which is much bluer than the common lighting on a television
production set.

Battery

The most important part in portable type of computer is battery and storage capacity. Usually
batteries must be small in size and work for longer time. For normal use it can be used for 2
weeks. The type of battery used here is lithium ion battery. The storage device is of the type
tubular holographic which is capable of storing. The use of lithium ion battery in this gadget will
reduce energy density, durability and cost factor.

By making Five Pen PC feasible, it will enable ubiquitous computing therefore it is easier for
people to use. Many applications can be imagined with this new technology. As it makes use of
E-fingerprinting the gadget will be more secure, which allows only owner to activate the Pc. So
even if we loose it, no one else can access the gadget. All PC’s communicate each other with the
help of Bluetooth technology and the entire gadget is connected to internet (Wi-Fi). This
technology is very portable, feasible and efficient. Everybody can use this technology in very
efficient manner. Some prototypes have been already developed in 2003 which are very feasible,
but currently unclear. The enhancement in this technology can be expected in coming years.

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