Step-by-Step Approach for Determining

Bather Loads
With swimming pools now able to reopen in England and Northern Ireland (Wales and
Scotland to hopefully follow soon), the feedback from members and our swim school
partners suggests that many are still struggling with calculating maximum capacity
bather loads in relation to planning swimming lessons.

As per our swimming pool reopening best practice guidance, determining the
maximum capacity bather load is the first step in deciding what types of
swimming programmes are practical, and feasible to run where strict social /
physical distancing of 2 metres is in place.

Therefore, to help further guide our members and swim school partners
through this crucial planning process, we’ve laid out the following 3 steps:

Step One – Calculate Maximum Capacity Bather Loads

Measure the surface area of the swimming pool(s) where lessons will be
conducted, then divide that number by 3.14 (or 3 if you follow Government
guidance)

Step Two – Space Planning

The first step tells us what the maximum bathing load is, if all the swimmers
are standing still and staying 2-metres apart, but now you’ll need to work out
social distancing for each activity that takes place, in each area of the pool.
What is the difference?

To help illustrate this, we asked Oliver Stubbs, a swimming teacher and

cartoonist to create a cartoon using his characters Bob and Jellyman. The
cartoon shows a 6sqm paddling pool, which gives a maximum possible bather
load of 2 people (3sqm each). Whilst the maximum capacity is always 2
people, the position of those 2 people within that space then needs to be
considered based on the activity type.
Automatic chemical dosing system for pools
Automatic dosing of chemicals gives clean and clear water in the pool. With a Pahlén Autodos installed
in the system, water quality is continuously monitored and a suitable dose of chemicals is supplied,
leading to better profitability since the need for expensive chemicals is reduced. An optimum solution
results in lower cost.

Additional control and disinfection are obtained with a Pahlén CO2 unit and UV light.

Pahlén’s in-house developed Autodos is available for all requirements, from the Autodos M1 which is a
simple single-channel instrument for monitoring of pH, redox, free chlorine or total chlorine, to the most
advanced Autodos M3 which is a three-channel instrument for monitoring of pH, free chlorine and
combined chlorine.

MiniMaster

Continuous monitoring and automatic dosing to safeguard water quality in the same way as in public
baths and large hotel pools.

Autodos

A dependable, tried and tested monitoring and dosing system for pH and chlorine in the form of redox,
free chlorine and combined chlorine.

Autodos RAM

Manage an analyze Autodos on internet cloud service. With Autodos® RAM it is easy to analyze your
Autodos-system online.

Dosing pumps

Dosing pumps for injecting chlorine or pH-regulating agents. Microprocessor-controlled and

magnetically operated.
Water treatment pool pumps –circulation
and cleaning of pool
A well-maintained pool with clean, clear, sparkling water promises many enjoyable moments is
easy to accieve with the right equipment. It is of great importance to fit a sand filter and pump
for optimal cleaning and circulation system. We recommend a filter made of fiberglass
reinforced polyester for good chemical resistance, and resistance to high temperatures.
 
The pool pumps are an essential part of the pool installation. Pool pumps creates suction in the
skimmer and then pushes the water through the pool filter, through the pool heater and then
back into the pool via the pool inlets. A pool pump made of bronze will last for many years to
come.

Swimming pool pumps in bronze

We have used our expertise and experience to manufacture high quality pool equipment.
Pahlén’s in-house developed centrifugal pool pumps are specially designed for pools, where
high demands are made on capacity, steady and quiet operation and long service life without
breaks. Pahlén offers a broad range of exclusive and efficient high-quality pool pumps with
outstanding performance for either your above ground pool or your in-ground pool use.

The swimming pool pumps and motors are integrated into a single compact unit, which is also
equipped with a pre-filter housing.
The pool pumps are an essential part of the pool installation. Pool pumps creates suction in the
skimmer and then pushes the water through the pool filter, through the pool heater and then
back into the pool via the pool inlets. The strainer basket in the pre-filter effectively collects
twigs, leaves, insects and so on and is easy to remove for cleaning. To ensure good quality, the
pool water in a private pool should be circulated at least 4-6 times per day to ensure that the
pool water is not left stagnant.

The swimming pool pumps are made of high-quality corrosion-free bronze alloy. More than 40
years of experience in manufacture has shown that this is an excellent choice of material for
pools.
All Pahlén pool pumps are equipped with a drainage plug for convenient emptying of water, for
instance when emptying the pool for the winter.

P2000 & P2000FLO

Bronze pumps with or without pre-filters. Pool pumps suitable for commercial pools.

P85 & P85FLO

For commercial pools. Bronze alloy for maximum service life.

WaterVISE/FloVISE
Designed to ensure energy efficiency and quiet operation. Pump in bronze with a thermoplastic
pre-filter.

UV-disinfection Auto-UV titanium

High-efficiency ultraviolet disinfection of pool water whith Auto-UV titan

Safe and efficient disinfection of your pool water. The Pahlén Auto-UV titanium is designed for
disinfection of water in pools and spas. With the Auto-UV titanium you can reduce your chlorine
consumption by up to 70%. The result is less bound chlorine, which makes for a more pleasant bathing
environment without irritations like red eyes, the smell of chlorine or the risk of allergies.

Safe and efficient disinfection of your pool water with Auto-UV titan

Optimal neutralisation of bacteria, viruses and algae. The UV lamp produces short-wave ultraviolet UVC
radiation with a 254 nm wavelength. This wavelength is optimal for neutralising bacteria, viruses and
algae. As a result your pool water is crystal-clear and pleasant. When the Auto-UV is in operation this is
shown by a blue indicator at the top of the unit.

Operation indicator shows the number of hours the unit has been in operation

Since the Auto-UV is made of titanium it is highly corrosion-resistant. It functions extremely well in fresh
water pools and spas and is also suitable for pools fitted with a salt chlorinator. The Auto-UV is supplied
with adjustable stainless steel wall brackets to make installation easier. The electronic box has an
adjustment control, electronic hours counter and on/off switch.

Supplement Auto-UV with the advanced and intelligent MiniMaster for private pools. The Auto-UV
titanium is recommended together with Pahlén’s highly advanced MiniMaster for private pools.
MiniMaster offers you continuous monitoring to safeguard water quality in the same way as in public
baths and large hotel pools, as well as the option of automatic dosing (disinfection).
MiniMaster is based on the same technology as Pahlén’s well-known Autodos. With a MiniMaster
installed in your pool, you need never again worry about your water quality – because MiniMaster
handles it all automatically.

The combination of Auto-UV, MiniMaster and salt chlorinator offers you an easy to manage pool giving
you the freedom to enjoy the ultimate in swimming and bathing pleasure.

Features

• UV lamp encased in casing made of titanium

• Electronic box contains adjustment control, timer and on/off switch

• Digital counter

• Built-in indicator for alerting when lamp needs to be replaced

• UV lamp for optimal neutralisation of bacteria, viruses and algae

• Reduces the concentration of combined chlorine in the pool

• Light indicator shows operation status in a blue light

• Delivered complete in one single unit

• Easy to install
CO2 pH regulation for the pool

CO2 is a dependable and easy to use system for pH reduction in the pool.

pH-MiniDos

Pahlén pH-MiniDos is stable and easy to use for stabilizing the pH value with CO2 (carbon dioxide).

pH-MaxiDos

pH-MaxiDos is a dependable and easy to use for pH stabilization in the pool. For use in public facilities.

pH-MiniDos – pH regulation with CO2

pH-MiniDos is stable and easy to use for stabilizing the pH value with CO2 (carbon dioxide). Pahlén has a
long experience of manufactoring CO2-facilities for public baths. pH-Minidos offers pH stabilization for
private pools.

Operated via MiniMaster

pH-MiniDos is a control unit that is easily operated via MiniMaster. The MiniMaster measures the
waters pH and sends signals to the pH-MiniDos, which with high precision, doses the exact amount of
CO2 needed for the pool. When the carbon dioxide dissolves in the pool water, it reduces the pH value
and keeps it at a stable level.

High safety with many advantages

pH-MiniDos safely balances the pH by using carbon dioxide. One big advantage is the handling of a gas
cylinder with CO2 rather than dealing with liquid acid. Less maintenance and more time for bathing.
Pahlén pH-MiniDos is easy to install, easy to use.

Automatic chemical dosing system for pools

Automatic dosing of chemicals gives clean and clear water in the pool. With a Pahlén Autodos
installed in the system, water quality is continuously monitored and a suitable dose of chemicals is
supplied, leading to better profitability since the need for expensive chemicals is reduced. An optimum
solution results in lower cost.

Additional control and disinfection are obtained with a Pahlén CO2 unit and UV light.

Pahlén’s in-house developed Autodos is available for all requirements, from the Autodos M1
which is a simple single-channel instrument for monitoring of pH, redox, free chlorine or total chlorine,
to the most advanced Autodos M3 which is a three-channel instrument for monitoring of pH, free
chlorine and combined chlorine.
Autodos M1-M2-M3
Highly intelligent Autodos for commercial pools
The optimum solution for the public swimming pool is to install a Pahlén Autodos in the
system. The water quality is continuously monitored, which makes it easier to maintain a clear
and clean water. Through the use of automatic dosing, the chemical consumption is controlled
and optimized, as a result of a more even flow of chemicals.
 
Autodos is available in a variety of versions and can monitor pH and chlorine in the form of
redox, free chlorine and combined chlorine. Autodos offers a wide range of adjustments to suit
all pool types. Chlorine, pH, flow and temperature readings are shown in clear and easy to read
LED displays. Autodos is easy to use and provides exact readings for accurate monitoring and
disinfection of pool water. Furthermore it is very easy for the operator to overwiew and control
the water quality.
Pahlén’s in-house developed Autodos is available for all requirements, from the Autodos M1
which is a single-channel instrument for monitoring of pH, redox, free chlorine or total
chlorine, to the most advanced Autodos M3 which is a three-channel instrument for monitoring
of pH, free chlorine and combined chlorine.
 
The Autodos has a new flow cell. This new flow cell in transparent PVC has a separate module
for each electrode. Each module can be connected in series depending on the application and
the number of electrodes used. The starting module contains prefilter, flow meter, flow guard,
temperature sensor and a visual indication of the flow
through the flow cell.
Autodos is easy to use and provides exact readings for accurate monitoring and disinfection of
pool water. It is also extremely easy to monitor and control the water quality.

Electronic digital control panel

– Easy access to all functions from the control panel
– Clear overview of free chlorine, combined chlorine and pH values
– Clear display of temperature (°C)
– Clear display of the flow (l/h)
– Clear indication when a too low or too high value

Auto-UV titaniumCASING MADE OF TITANIUMThe Pahlén Auto-UV titanium is designed for

disinfection of water in pools and spas. Auto-UVtitanium can reduce the chlorine content by up to 70%.
The result is also a swimming poolwith less combined chlorine, which makes a more pleasant bathing
environment withoutirritations like red eyes, the smell of chlorine or the risk of allergies.The UV lamp
produces short-wave ultraviolet UVC radiation with a 254 nm wavelength.Thiswavelength is optimal for
neutralising bacteria, viruses and algae. When theAuto-UV is inoperation this is shown by a blue
indicator at the top of the unit.Feaures•Electronic box contains adjustment control, timer and on/off
switch.•Built-in indicator for alerting when lamp needs to be replaced.•UV lamp for optimal
neutralisation of bacteria, viruses and algae.•Reduces the concentration of combined chlorine in the
pool.•Light indicator shows operation status in a blue light.•Delivered complete in one single
unit.Technical dataItem noLampLifetimelampVoltage1~CurrentUVC-radiationwavelengthUVC-
radiationMaxpressureMaxflowConnectionMax watertemperature41776075W9000 h220-2400.5
Amp254 nm25W4 bar250 l/min2”45°C417770130W9000 h220-2400.8 Amp254 nm43W4 bar250
l/min2”45°C

Most swimming pools also have a couple of vacuum ports, which are only used in pool cleaning.
These ports attach to pool vacuum cleaners, which work something like ordinary vacuum cleaners
except that they suck water instead of air. The vacuum ports may have their own pumping system, but
in most pools they are driven by the main pump.