BIOHACK NOTES

CELL CYCLE
AND CELL DIVISION

• Based on active recall and spaced repetition

• Target 360/360 in NEET Biology & 100/100 in Boards!
 DigaQ. 1
• PHASES OF CELL CYCLE
P
1. The human cell divides once in approximately ____ hrs.
2. _______, can progress through the cell cycle in Q
only ____ minutes.
E
3. Cell cycle is divided into 2 phases, Name them. D
4. The interphase lasts more than ____% of the X
Y C
duration of cell cycle. (NEET) B
5. M phase is divided into (2) - A R
6. Interphase is divided into 3 phases. Name them.
7. DNA synthesis takes place in ____ phase. (NEET)
T
8. There is an increase in the no. of chromosomes in
S phase. T/F (NEET)
9. In S phase, centriole duplication begins in nucleus. T/F
10. What happens in G₂ phase? DigaQ. 2
11. Onion have ___ no. of chromosomes. A
12. Heart cell do not divide. T/F
13. Cells after completing M phase enter first into G₀ phase. T/F
14. G₀ phase is also called __________
15. Cell enters G₀ phase by exiting ____ phase.
16. Cell entering the G₀ phase exit the cell cycle. T/F (NEET)

• M PHASE
B
17. ______ is the most dramatic period of the cell cycle.
18. It is also called _________
19. Cytokinesis is a part of M phase. T/F
20. Name the 5 phases.
• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase & Telophase
21. _______ is marked by the initiation of condensation of chromosomal material.
C
22. The end of prophase is marked by what characteristic events ? (2)
23. Each centrosome radiates out microtubules called _______
24. Two asters together with spindle fibres forms ___________
25. Cell at the end of prophase don't show - (4) (NEET)
26. What marks the start of the 2nd phase of mitosis ?
 D
27. Chromosomes are clearly observed in which stage? (NEET)
28. What is most easily studied in metaphase? (NEET)
29. _______ serve as a site of attachment of spindle fibers (NEET)
30. Disc shaped structure at the surface of centromere are - (NEET)
31. The plane of alignment of the chromosomes at metaphase is called ________
32. Key features of metaphase is (2)
33. Migration to the opposite pole starts in _______. (NEET)
34. Key Events are (2)
35. Chromosome decondense and lose their individuality in ________
36. Nucleolus, Golgi complex and ER reform in _______ (NEET) E
37. Two daughter nuclei are formed in _______
• Cytokinesis
38. In an animal cell, this is achieved by the appearance of a ______ (NEET)
39. In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs centripetally/centrifugally.
40. Centrifugal cytokinesis occur in -
41. Formation of the new cell wall begins with the formation of a simple F
precursor, called ________
42. In some organisms, cytokinesis do not occur forming _____
eg. ________ (NEET)
43. A very significant contribution of mitosis is cell repair. T/F

G
• MEIOSIS

• Prophase I
44. Prophase of the first meiotic division is typically shorter and
less complex when compared to prophase of mitosis. T/F
45. The 5 phases of meiosis I are - (NEET)
46. Chromosomes becomes gradually visible in _______
47. The compaction of chromosomes continues throughout_________
48. Chromosome start pairing together in _______ stage and this process is called _____ (NEET)
49. Paired chromosomes are called _________ chromosomes. (NEET)
50. Chromosome synapsis is accompanied by the formation of complex structure called ______ (NEET)
51. The complex formed by a pair of synapsed homologous
chromosomes is called a _____ or ______ (NEET)
DigaQ. 3
A
B C D

52. The first two stages of prophase I are relatively long-lived compared to pachytene. T/F
53. Four chromatids of each bivalent clearly appear as tetrad in -
54. Pachytene is characterised by appearance of-
55. What is a recombinant nodule?
56. Enzyme involved in crossing over is - (NEET)
57. Recombination between homologous chromosomes is completed by the end of ________
58. Beginning of diplotene is recognised by - (NEET)
59. X shaped structures called _______ are formed in - (NEET)
60. In _______, diplotene can last for months and years.
61. ________ is marked by terminalisation of chiasmata. (NEET)
62. By the end of ________, nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope also breaks down. (NEET)

• Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I & Meiosis II

63. Bivalent chromosomes align on the equatorial plate in ________ (NEET)
64. In Anaphase I, sister chromatids separate. T/F (NEET)
65. No replication of DNA occurs during interkinesis. T/F
66. Dyad of cell is formed in -
67. ________ are very important for the process of evolution

DigaQ. 4 D
A B C
 CELL CYCLE
AND CELL DIVISION

ANSWERS
• PHASES OF CELL CYCLE 31. Metaphase plate
1. 24 32. Spindle fibers attach to kinetochore,
2. Yeast, 90 chromosome align along metaphase plate
3. Interphase & M Phase 33. Anaphase
4. 95% 34. Centromeres split and chromatids separate,
5. Karyokinesis and Cytokinesis Chromatids move to opposite poles
6. G₁ phase, S phase, G₂ phase 35. Telophase
7. S 36. Telophase
8. F 37. Telophase
9. F, in cytoplasm 38. Furrow
10. proteins are synthesised in preparation for 39. Centripetally
mitosis 40. Plants
11. 16 41. Cell plate
12. T 42. Syncytium, eg. liquid endosperm of coconut
13. F 43. T
14. Quiescent phase • MEIOSIS
15. G₁ 44. F, longer & more complex
16. F 45. Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene and
• M PHASE Diakinesis
17. M phase 46. Leptotene
18. Equational division 47. Leptotene
19. T 48. Zygotene, synapsis
20. Prophase l Metaphase l Anaphase l Telophase | 49. Homologous
Cytokinesis 50. Synaptonemal complex
21. Prophase 51. bivalent or a tetrad
22. Chromosomal material condenses to form 52. F, short lived
compact mitotic chromosomes, Assembly of mitotic 53. Pachytene
spindles 54. Recombinant nodule
23. Asters 55. the sites at which crossing over occurs between
24. Mitotic apparatus non-sister chromatids of the homologous
25. golgi complexes, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus chromosomes
and the nuclear envelope 56. Recombinase
26. complete disintegration of the nuclear envelope 57. Pachytene
27. Metaphase
28. Morphology of chromosomes
29. Kinetochore
30. Kinetochore
58. dissolution of the synaptonemal complex DigaQ. 2 - Stages in Mitosis
59. Chiasmata, diplotene A – Anaphase
60. Oocytes of some vertebrates B – Transition to metaphase
61. Diakinesis C – Late prophase
62. Diakinesis D – Telophase
63. Metaphase I E – Early prophase
64. F F – Interphase
65. T G – Metaphase
66. Telophase I DigaQ. 3 - Stages of Meiosis I
67. Variations A – Anaphase I
• DigaQs B – Metaphase I
DigaQ. 1 C – Prophase I
X – Interphase Y – M phase D – Telophase I
P – G₀ A – Prophase DigaQ. 4 - Stages of Meiosis II
Q – G₁ B – Metaphase A – Metaphase II
R–S C – Anaphase B – Telophase II
T – G₂ D – Telophase C – Prophase II
E – Cytokinesis D – Anaphase II

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