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Problem Sheet 6,7

This document contains 7 problem sets related to experimental methods and analysis. Problem set 6 involves calculating the displacement sensitivity of a capacitor, the voltage developed by a piezoelectric lighter, explaining why recording both an original and differentiated signal could be useful, and conditions for a commercial balance output to be independent of an external force position. Problem set 7 involves calculating self-heating errors, a pressure system time constant, correcting furnace temperature measurements, errors in a Hg thermometer, and the output voltage of a seismic transducer.

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50 views1 page

Problem Sheet 6,7

This document contains 7 problem sets related to experimental methods and analysis. Problem set 6 involves calculating the displacement sensitivity of a capacitor, the voltage developed by a piezoelectric lighter, explaining why recording both an original and differentiated signal could be useful, and conditions for a commercial balance output to be independent of an external force position. Problem set 7 involves calculating self-heating errors, a pressure system time constant, correcting furnace temperature measurements, errors in a Hg thermometer, and the output voltage of a seismic transducer.

Uploaded by

rohan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APL103 Experimental Methods and Analysis

Problem Set No. 6


1) A capacitor has two square plates each of 5cm2 area, separated by an air gap of 1mm. The dielectric constant of air may be
taken as 1. Find the displacement sensitivity of the capacitor for small changes in the gap. How would the sensitivity change
if the displacement is parallel to the plates thereby changing the overlap area (the motion is along the diagonal of the square).
2) A piezoelectric lighter has a hammer of mass 10gm. The hammer moves at a speed of 0.5m/s before it strikes the crystal
and rebounds at 0.45m/s. The impact duration is 10s. The piezoelectric crystal (disc shaped) has a diameter of 10mm and
thickness of 1mm. The charge sensitivity of the crystal is 10-4 C/mm, its dielectric constant is 5 and its modulus of elasticity
is 1011 N/m2. The hammer strikes the disc on one of its flat surfaces and you may assume that the pressure is nearly uniform.
The crystal is connected to two electrodes. The capacitance of the leads is 0.1pF. Find the voltage developed between the
electrodes due to the hammer blow.

3) A signal consists of a two sinusoidal components with amplitudes A1, and A2, and circular frequencies 1 and 2.
A1≈100A2 and 1 ≈0.001 2. Explain why it may useful to record both the original signal and a differentiated
version of the signal for further processing.
4) Consider the commercial balance shown in the figure. Show that if ad = bc, then the output reading is independent of the
position, x, of the external force F.

F
x

a c
b d
5) An object of volume 200 cm is found to be balanced by a standard mass of 100gm with a volume of 20cm3. What is the
3

corrected mass of the object, after accounting for air buoyancy?


6) A ring type load cell deflects by 0.01mm under its maximum load of 9000N. It is being used to measure the force on a
machine tool slide whose mass is 100Kg. If the tool is subjected to an oscillating force, what is the maximum frequency that
can be accurately measured by this set-up? You may assume that the damping ratio is nearly zero.

Problem Set No. 7


1. A 500 resistance thermometer carries a 5mA current. Its surface area is 5cm2 and it is immersed in stagnant air wherein the
heat transfer coefficient is, h = 10J/m2/oC/s. (The heat flux is h A T, where, A, is the surface area and T, is the temperature
difference). What is the self-heating error? What is the error in water (h= 1000J/m2/oC/s )?

2. A pressure tapping is taken from a measuring point by means of tubing with a length of 100cm and an ID of 5mm to a U-tube
manometer using water as the manometric fluid. The ID of the manometer tube is 10mm and initially the water level is 30cm
below the top of the tube. Take viscosity of air to be 1.8 x 10-5 kg/(ms). Find the time constant of the system for small pressure
changes at the measurement point (around atmospheric pressure).
3. A radiation pyrometer indicated the temperature of a furnace to be 975 oC, assuming a surface emissivity of 0.85. It was later
realized that the emissivity is actually 0.78. Determine the correct temperature of the furnace and % error in the earlier
measurement.

4. A Hg in steel thermometer employs a Bourdon gauge that has a range of 0 to 9 MPa, for a pointer movement of 0 to 300 o. The
dial is adjusted to read 0 at 0oC and during calibration indicates an angle of 300 o at 200oC.
i) What is the sensitivity of the device in rad/oC?
ii) If the bulb volume is 10 times as large as the volume of the capillary and Bourdon tube, then what is the error if the
ambient temperature rises by 20oC above that during calibration?
iii) If the bulb is raised by 0.5m (relative to the Bourdon gauge) what is the apparent change in temperature?
5) A seismic motion transducer has a mass of 50gm. Its un-damped natural frequency is 10Hz and the damping ratio is 0.6. The
relative motion of the mass with respect to the frame is converted a voltage by a first order transducer which has a static sensitivity
of 2V/mm and a time constant of 0.01s. Find the output voltage for an input oscillatory motion with an amplitude of 0.5mm at
a frequency of 30Hz.

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