International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET)

Volume 11, Issue 11, November 2020, pp. 2035-2040, Article ID: IJARET_11_11_197
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/issues.asp?JType=IJARET&VType=11&IType=11
ISSN Print: 0976-6480 and ISSN Online: 0976-6499
DOI: 10.34218/IJARET.11.11.2020.197

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

Dharmendra Singh
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sanskriti University,
Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.

ABSTRACT
The guidelines on discharges of inner ignition engines are getting increasingly
precise, while non-renewable energy source sources are in danger of draining in
coming 100 years. That inspires scientists and engine makers to continually improve
new innovations on the engine to decrease discharges that contaminate nature and
increment the quantity of engines utilizing fuel. Supplant from naturally agreeable
sources. Enhancements and use of present day innovations profoundly affect engines,
expanding limit, effectiveness and natural benevolence however additionally making it
progressively unpredictable and hard to get to. The reality shows that the fuel system
directly affects the engine's working workings, deciding the engines yield power and
exhaust gas quality. In this way, the use of new innovation arrangements on fuel
supply system for diesel engines will make leaps forward to avow the extraordinary
job and aggressiveness of current diesel engines. This paper assesses basic
enhancements in the fuel system to expand engine limit and decrease natural
pollution.
Keywords: Fuel injection, Electronic fuel injection, LABVIEW programming.
Cite this Article: Dharmendra Singh, Electronic Fuel Injection System, International
Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology 11(11), 2020, pp.
2035-2040.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/issues.asp?JType=IJARET&VType=11&IType=11

1. INTRODUCTION
In The Face of the twin emergency emerging from fossil fuel consumption[1] and natural
pollution, it has gotten fundamental to create new advances to improve efficiency and
decrease contamination in the car source. Numerous nations have surrendered the use of two-
stroke engines in car applications because of their high level of discharges and poor
efficiency. Be that as it may, the innate favorable circumstances of the two-stroke engine as
looked at to the four-stroke engine have been comprehended for over a century. Throughout
the years, different strategies have been proposed to improve control yield and to diminish the
exhaust discharges from two-stroke fuel engine[2]. Of the different techniques accessible for
lessening outflows, fuel injection has demonstrated to be the most proficient. Different parts
of fuel injection, for example, timing control and the effect of fuel injection control, have

http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 2035 [email protected]

 Dharmendra Singh

been examined. The impact of utilizing PCs to control fuel injection has likewise been
examined.
The system utilized in this work is to build up a control system for fuel injection
dependent on virtual instrumentation systems utilizing Lab VIEW programming. The system
screens the different parts of the system by accepting information from different sensors
continuously and directing the amount of fuel to be inject into the engine. The PC-based
virtual instrumentation program utilizing Lab VIEW programming sets the planning through
the beat width for the injector and the beginning of fuel injection. The above system was
utilized to control a 150 cc, Indian made, two-stroke generation engine. The vital adjustments
completed in the engine to embrace the fuel injection system.
1.1. What is Fuel Injection?
An inner burning engine, the fuel injection system[3] is what conveys fuel or a fuel air
mixture to the chambers by methods for a pressure from a siphon. Fuel injection implies
metering fuel into an interior ignition engine. It was initially utilized in diesel engine in view
of diesel fuel's more noteworthy consistency and the need to defeat the high pressure of the
packed air in the chambers. A diesel fuel injector spray s a discontinuous, planned, metered
amount of fuel into a chamber, dispersing the fuel all through the air inside. Fuel injection is
likewise now utilized in fuel engines instead of a carburetor. In gas engines, the fuel is first
mixture in with air, and the subsequent mixture is conveyed to the chambers. Metering of the
fuel charge might be performed precisely or electronically. In a diesel engine, the fuel inject
straightforwardly into the burning chamber (direct injection) or into a littler associated
assistant chamber (aberrant injection). In the “spark ignition engine”, the fuel is inject into the
chamber before it enters the burning chamber by spray ing the fuel into the air stream going
through the throttle body
(Throttle Body Injection)[4] Or into the air moving through the port to the inlet valve. On car
spark ignition engine, the carburetor has to a great extent been supplanted by a gas fuel
injection system with either mechanical or on the other hand electronic control of fuel
metering.
1.2. Objective of Fuel Injection
The main targets for fuel injection system can fluctuate. All offer the focal undertaking of
providing fuel to the burning chamber, however it is a plan choice how a specific system will
be upgraded. There are a few contending destinations, for example, “Power output”,
“Efficiency”, “Emissions execution”, “Ability to suit elective energizes”, “Durability”,
“Unwavering quality”, “Drivability and smooth activity”, “Initial cost”, “Maintenance cost
and Diagnostic capacity”.
1.3. Benefits of Fuel Injection
The two major enhancements are:
 Less reaction time to quickly evolving information sources, e.g., fast throttle
developments.

 Convey an exact and equivalent mass of fuel to each chamber of the engine,
significantly improving the chamber to-chamber conveyance of the engine.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 2036 [email protected]

 Electronic Fuel Injection System

Figure 1. Spray quantity control process

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Contrasted with gas, diesel is a less quality source. Diesel particles are bigger and heavier
than gas, so it is hard to spray into a chamber. Deficient spray ing system make numerous
non-combustible particles, making scale on the injector head and the outside of the ignition
chamber divider, numerous toxins, less efficiency and lower limit. Regular innovation is
created to improve this spray in working.
This implies the fuel must be sprayed at very high pressures that the traditional fuel
injector can't accomplish. In like manner system, fuel is sprayed at high pressure through a
huge limit siphon rather than the fuel injection. High-pressure fuel is sprayed on every sprayer
on account of a typical hard cylinder. In the present age structure, this cylinder can withstand
a pressure of around 20,000 psi. Fuel is constantly sprayed under a similar pressure even in
backup state. Each time the sprayer is open, high pressure fuel will be spray ed into the
ignition chamber in a brief timeframe. Accordingly, not just improve the injection working at
higher fuel pressure, yet in addition decrease the fuel injection time and decisively control the
planning.
In current diesel engine, the injection pressure is applied to every injector
independently[5], high pressure fuel is contained in a holder or "Water driven Battery"[6], [7]
and conveyed to every injector as required. The advantage of Common injectors is to decrease
the clam our level, fuel is sprayed at high pressure on account of the mixture of electronic
control, injection control, and timing. Along these lines, it makes engine proficiency and
efficiency higher. Contrasted with the cam drive system, the Common system is very
adaptable in adjusting to fuel injection control for diesel engines, for example, Wide scope of
utilizations (for vehicles, prepares and dispatches). Spray pressure arrives at 1500 bar
(150MPa). Change spray pressure as indicated by engine activity mode. Can change the

http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 2037 [email protected]

 Dharmendra Singh

timing of spraying. Spray partitioned into three stages: Spray groundwork, primary spray and
finished spray.

3. PRINCIPLE

Figure 2. Electronic fuel injection system

“Electronic fuel injection (EFI)”[8] system is utilized both in gas and diesel engine.
There are numerous issues with the carburetors utilized for getting ready charge in the gas
engine. Some of them are-
 On-uniform spraying of fuel in a multi-chamber engine.
 Poor breathing limit (volumetric productivity) of the engine.
 Problem of explosion.
 Fuel misfortune due to fast working in two stroke engine.
To dispense with these issues current gas engine utilize “Electronic fuel injection”.
“Electronic fuel injection (EFI)” system use engine sensors, a PC and solenoid worked fuel
injector to meter and inject perfect measure of fuel into the chambers. An electronic control
unit gets data as electric signal from the sensors. These sensors are mounted at various pieces
of the engine. Based on requirement of the engine, electronic fuel injection system injects
perfect measure of fuel into the engine. It results into the less un-burned fuel in the outflow.

4. WORKING
Diesel fuel system[9], the fuel is provided to push from the day by day tank on the low
pressure pipe through the channel to the high pressure siphon, from here fuel siphoned by
high pressure siphon is pushed into hoses of high pressure fuel (additionally called water
powered battery)[10] and afterward sent to Common Rail injector prepared to spray into
chamber muscle. The pressure and fuel injection are totally separate from one another in the
Common Rail system. The injection pressure is made autonomously of the speed and measure
of fuel created. Fuel is put away with high pressure in pressure driven battery.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 2038 [email protected]

 Electronic Fuel Injection System

The measure of splashing is dictated by the throttle control, the planning of the injection just
as the injection pressure determined by ECU dependent on the information diagrams put away
on it. ECU and EDU will at that point controlling the injectors, at every engine chamber to
inject fuel on account of the data from the sensors with injection pressure up to 1500bar. The
abundance fuel of the injector goes through the water powered battery back to the high
pressure siphon, the pressure control valve at the siphon opens with the goal that it comes
back to the fuel tank. On water powered batteries with pressure sensors what's more, terminals
with security valves masterminded, if the pressure put away in the water powered battery
surpasses the security valve limit, the fuel will be evacuated holder.
A Common Diesel system comprises of 4 fundamental parts:
 High pressure siphon with pressure managing valve and estimating valve;
 Sensors (crankshaft speed, camshaft, pedal off, wind stream and coolant, pressure
sensor.
 The actuators (Injector constrained by solenoid valves, turbochargers, exhaust gas
reflectors, pressure measures.
 Electronic controller (ECU, EDU) controls exact injection volume, manages pressure
and screens engine working conditions.
Regarding structure: The electronic fuel injection system allows to essentially decrease the
mechanical structure of high-pressure siphons, for example, fuel-cutting notches, speed
controllers, spray timing control instruments ... so the capacity of the high pressure siphon just
makes it conceivable to make high fuel pressure, permitting ideal structure in the bearing
making high pressure, spray fuel.

Figure 3.Components in the system

6. CONCLUSION
New upgrades and achievements in fuel system including the Basic Diesel system, HEUI, EFI
and I-ART system have enormously improved engine working, improved economy and

http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 2039 [email protected]

 Dharmendra Singh

advanced a lot. Possibilities for the pattern of utilizing elective fuel sources, most importantly,
help new age of engines[11], [12] to meet severe emission guidelines to accomplish less
polluting and economical engines. Concentrates on the relevance and change of old diesel
engines to change over furthermore, utilize new fuel injection and innovation advancements
are additionally a very important assignment for researchers, particularly in the developing
nations. With these leap forward innovations, diesel engines will work more proficiently,
decrease fuel utilization and lessen ecological unburn outflows, a more brilliant picture can
make new driving force for makers. Vehicles proceed to utilize and create diesel engines in
the accompanying a long time. As the presentation and discharge necessities of light
obligation diesel engines become additionally demanding, it is getting troublesome or difficult
to meet them with fuel injection gear having customary mechanical or water driven controls.
EPIC was planned from the start as an electronically controlled systems, also, the open door
was taken to rearrange the essential siphon and give it entirely steady attributes over the speed
and burden go. A short, minimized siphon has been accomplished, having less parts than
generally mechanical siphons with comparable capacities. The siphon gives an exceptionally
predictable fuelling conveyance. This security in the siphon working combined with
adaptability of electronic controls, empowers it to be coordinated near the engine requirement.

REFERENCES
[1] E. T. Campbell, “Emergy analysis of emerging methods of fossil fuel production,” Ecol.
Modell., 2015.
[2] R. Saidur, M. Rezaei, W. K. Muzammil, M. H. Hassan, S. Paria, and M. Hasanuzzaman,
“Technologies to recover exhaust heat from internal combustion engines,” Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2012.
[3] M. K. Khair and H. Jääskeläinen, “Common Rail Fuel Injection,” System, 2015.
[4] M. T. Muslim, H. Selamat, A. J. Alimin, N. Mohd Rohi, and M. F. Hushim, “A review on
retrofit fuel injection technology for small carburetted enginecycle engines towards lower fuel
consumption and cleaner exhaust emission,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.
2014.
[5] R. Rezaei, P. Eckert, J. Seebode, and K. Behnk, “Zero-Dimensional Modeling of Combustion
and Heat Release Rate in DI Diesel Engines,” SAE Int. J. Engines, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 874–885,
2012.
[6] W. Wang, Z. Nie, X. Wei, B. Li, V. Murugesan, and V. Sprenkle, “Correlating nafion
membrane microstructure with vanadium redox flow battery performance,” in 26th Annual
Meeting of the North American Membrane Society, NAMS 2016, 2016, p. 126.
[7] X. Teng, J. Lei, X. Gu, J. Dai, Y. Zhu, and F. Li, “Nafion-sulfonated organosilica composite
membrane for all vanadium redox flow battery,” Ionics (Kiel)., vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 513–521,
2012.
[8] T. Luo, S. Jiang, A. Moro, C. Wang, L. Zhou, and F. Luo, “Measurement and validation of
hole-to-hole fuel injection rate from a diesel injector,” Flow Meas. Instrum., vol. 61, pp. 66–
78, 2018.
[9] S. C. Gad, “Diesel Fuel,” in Encyclopedia of Toxicology: Third Edition, 2014.
[10] V. G. Gude, “Energy storage for desalination processes powered by renewable energy and
waste heat sources,” Appl. Energy, 2015.
[11] S. Verhelst, J. Demuynck, R. Sierens, R. Scarcelli, N. S. Matthias, and T. Wallner, “Update on
the Progress of Hydrogen-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines,” in Renewable Hydrogen
Technologies: Production, Purification, Storage, Applications and Safety, 2013, pp. 381–400.
[12] L. Zhou, M. Xie, K. Luo, S. Shuai, and M. Jia, “Large eddy simulation for internal combustion
engines: Progress and prospects,” Lixue Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied
Mechanics, vol. 45, no. 4. pp. 467–482, 2013.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 2040 [email protected]