COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND BUILD ENVIRONMENT

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND URBAN PLANNING

Assessment of public transport services accessibility in Kigali

city. Case study of Nyamirambo sector

A Dissertation Submitted to the College of Science and Technology, School of Architecture

and Build environment, in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the award of Bachelor’s
Degree with Honor in Geography option of urban planning and environmental
management.

Submitted by:
SAMVURA Jean Marie
Vianney NAHIMANA Aimable
GATOYA Alex

Supervisor: Prof. TWARABAMENYE Emmanuel

Kigali on 19th July 2019

DEDICATION

To Our parents
To Our brothers and sisters
To Our darlings, MUSHIMIYIMANA Olive, AKITERETSE Josée, NYIRANDIKUMANA
Claudette

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DECLARATION

We, SAMVURA Jean Marie Vianney, NAHIMANA Aimable, GATOYA Alex , to the best
of our knowledge, here by, declare that the work presented in this final research project, is
our original work and has never been presented elsewhere as final research project .
Therefore, we declare this report for our original work on our own contribution in order to
get Bachelor’s degree with Honor in Urban and Regional planning at university of
Rwanda, college of science and technology (UR-CST).
Any reference in terms of books or any other written and electronic materials made
concerning others persons work are indicated in the reference

Students’ names and signature

Jean Marie Vianney SAMVURA: 216115337
Aimable NAHIMANA: 216091241
Alex GATOYA: 216169712

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We would like to thank the Almighty God who provided our required knowledge and good
healthy during our study.

This study could not have been successful if it were not for the assistance, and contribution
we got from very important person. We express our sincere gratitude to our supervisor,
prof. TWARABAMENYE Emmanuel. His guidance and criticism helped us to properly the
shape of this research study.

We would like to acknowledge the financial support of our government to the students who
got the chances of study of university of Rwanda. Without it we may not have pursued our
bachelor’s degree with honor in Urban and regional planning.

The lecturers and support staff of geography course are also thanked for impacting on our
very valuable knowledge and skills.

We are also grateful to the drivers, passengers and other related to the services of public
transport for their support during our field data collection. Our acknowledgments are
addressed to the drivers of RFTC working in Nyamirambo sector, passengers using road
network from Tapis Rouge to CBD.

Thanks to fellow bachelor degree especially MWIZERWA Fidele, his support contributed
to the success of this research

The participant of 2015-2019 the urban and regional planning and environment planning
options courses and friends we made from University of Rwanda are also greatly
appreciated for the teamwork and the quality time we have shared. Special thanks go to
TUYISHIME Emmanuel, MUGEMANA Olivier.

We are also very deeply grateful to our sisters, UWAYEZU Bernadette,

MUKAMAZIMPAKA Angelique, our brothers GaKURU Alexandre, KABERUKA
Venuste, MUNYAKAZI Jean Baptiste, NYAGATARE Jacques, our lovely
MUSHIMIYIMANA Olive,

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AKITEGETSE Josee, NYIRANDIKUMANA Claudette. For their support, prayers and love

Our deepest gratitude goes to our parents for all the trouble they have taken to ensure the
best we got out of the life. This final research project and our entire studies drew a lot of
inspiration from them.

May the almighty God bless you!

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V
ABSTRACT

Transport is supplied to provide mobility to the people who do not have access to private
cars; Now days, public transport is increasingly to be able for many purposes, such as
reducing traffic congestion, managing air pollution, reducing energy consumption and
creating the development opportunities.
In this research, the particular attention, has been given to the temporal and spatial
availability of determining the performance services of public transport, the distance
people walk to reach on the bus stop is the one indicator of how people access to the public
transport. This is because if the distance to reach and from public transport is to large it
discourage to the useful of the people use it, additionally if the services is insufficient like
the people waiting buses at long period of time and insufficient of number of buses also is
unlikely to the people.
The purpose of this research is to assess the assessment of public transport services
accessibility in Kigali city especially in Nyamirambo sector. Here we analyzed the roads
network used by public transport in Nyamirambo sector, types of buses transporting
passenger in Nyamirambo sector, services performance of public transport, prices of public
transport in Nyamirambo sector.
We use GIS techniques to measure the level of performance of people access to the public
transport from many parts of Nyamirambo sector and around this sector. The result
indicated that the current public transport is less accessible than the present.
Then, this is due to more efforts and achievement of public transport adopted such as the
improvement of buses capacity, the services performance in terms of people using smart
card called tap and go, numbering of buses according to the buses zone and lines,
increasing the facilities to the people use public buses like free internet. However, there are
still problems to public transport. Like shortage of public buses and problem of roads
network that is not enough to reach in all corners of Nyamirambo sector.
Our recommendation based on; in order public transport develop more than today; it is
very important to collaborate of investors to invest in public transport, to create new roads
of public transport, to increase the number of buses of public transport.

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Table of Contents
DEDICATION
i
DECLARATION ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii
ABSTRACT vi
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ix
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Back ground information 1
1 2. Problem statement 2
1 3. Research objectives 3
1 3.1 Specific objectives 3
1 4. Research questions 3
1 5. Research Hypothesis 5
1.6. Benefits of research 5
1 7. Research project structure 6
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1. Introduction 7
2.1 1. The increase of public transport in Kigali city 7
2.1 2. The main factors of public transport in Kigali city 8
2.1 3. The challenges facing public transport in Kigali city 8
2.1 4. Public transport available in Kigali city 9
2.1 5. Public transport facilities in Kigali city 9
2.1 6. Benefits of public transport in Kigali city 11
2.1 7. As conclusion 12
CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODS AND TECHNIQUES 12
3.1. Study area description 12
3.1 1. Geographical location 12
3.1 2. Physical characteristics 14
3 2. Data collection methods 16
3.2 1. Secondary data collection 16
3.3. Primary data collection 17
3.3 1. Maps satellites images analyses 17

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 3.3.2. Field observation 17
3.3 3. Interview and survey 18
3.3 4. Use of GIS 19
3.3 5. Data analyses and interpretation 19
CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION 20
4 1. Introduction 20
4 2. Roads network of public transport in Nyamirambo sector 20
4.2 1. Bus stops in Nyamirambo sector 21
4 3. The capacity of public buses in Nyamirambo sector 24
4 4. Services of public transport in Nyamirambo sector 25
4.4 1. Evaluation of temporal availability of public transport services 27
4 4.2 Evaluation of spatial availability of public transport services 27
4.4 3. Services of public transport coverage 27
4.4 4. Time passenger waiting in buses stop 28
4.4 5. Distribution of public transport and their prices 31
CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 31
5 1. Conclusion 31
5 2. Recommendations 32
References 33
Appendices 35

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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

GPS: Global Positioning Sytstem

GIS: Geographical Informartion System

RFTC: Rwanda Federation Transport Co-operatives

CBD: Central Business District

KBS Ltd.: Kigali Bus Services Ltd.

MININFRA: Ministry of Infrastructure

NGOs: Non Government Orgnisation

NISR: National Institute of Statistics in Rwanda

RTDA: Rwanda Transport Development Agency

RURA: Rwanda Utility Regulatory Autholity

P.M: Post Meridiem

A.M: Ante Meridiem

GDP: Gross Domestic Product

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DDP: District Development Plan
Liste of figures
Figure 1: Use of Tap and Go in Kigali city 21
Figure 2: Construction of road network 22
Figure 3: Location of Nyamirambo sector 24
Figure 4: Population growth in Nyamirambo sector 25
Figure 5: Population Culture and beliefs in Nyamirambo 26
Figure 6: Roads network in Nyamirambo sector 32
Figure 7: Location of buses stops 34
Figure 8:Measurement of distance between bus stops 35
Figure 9 :Location Proximity to bus stops 39
Figure 10:Passenger waiting time for 07h00a.m to 02h00p.m 41

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Liste of tables
Table 1: Specific objectives and research questions 3
Table 2:Distribution of passenger carrying capacity for all types of public transport
operated in Nyamirambo sector 24
Table 3::Distribution of public transport and their prices 31

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CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Problems of transport provisions services to the location of people may reinforce the under
development and increase the delay of many economic activities such as commerce, education,
and leads to the less development of the country. (Transport, 2011)poor infrastructure
because when transport is well organize it creates the high level of income to the government
not only to the government also to the local people in terms of providing jobs to the drivers,
easy movement of people, connecting different areas in terms of exchange goods and services,
and reduce to the environment destruction, and traffic congestion. (Horner, 2004) Public
transport it is the transport of passengers by groups travel systems by using buses, train,
airlines, coaches for connecting different part of the world. Generally public transport is not
well organize in all countries of the world, it is still characterized by poor services in their
operation, those challenges is caused by high increase of private cars in developed countries
especially in Europe where some of those countries cars that are made is great than the
children born. (Tone, 1990) Accessibility this is how people may access to the public transport
such as walking cycling but they are barriers of how and where people are more than those
public transport especially when buses are few compared to the people that are waiting those
buses. (Committee, 2011)

1.1 Back ground information

The city of Kigali is now facing the challenges of an increase congestion and many
accidents in different roads as time goes on, (Consultants., 2004) this problem is due to the
increase of population.
In addition, who are using private cars, motor cycle taxis, buses that are not large in the
capacity of transporting many passenger, roads are poor condition,
some of them are not suitable for public transport because they are paved by stones which
leads to the buses to move with low speed other are not paved, and also poor services in
how the passenger are using those public transport, (Mavoa, 2012)
Then, to solve these problems, the Government of the Republic of Rwanda through the
Ministry of Infrastructure initiated a project for the planning of a public transport system
for Kigali City. The project involved, amongst others, travel demand assessment, multi-
modal transport analysis and planning of a comprehensive public transport system in
Kigali City. (MININFRA, 2011)
Those include the constructing roads which have the ability of moving two cars in one
direction know as short way (sense unique), and increase the security on the roads putting
different cameras, zebras cross, which facilitate drivers and people to use well that roads.
The rapid population growth in Kigali city at high level also required the intended
infrastructure, Kigali city is inhabitant the population almost 10000000 population

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among of all population 60% as population increase also the more and more public
infrastructures is required in Kigali city. (NISR., 2012)
Due to the inadequate of public transport in Kigali city people, they work long distance to
reach where buses stops and waiting it many minutes because they are working in many
people but the number of buses are few. Due to these challenges experienced in Kigali city
for public transport, Kigali city is required to improve the routes network, number of
buses of high capacity and high size in number of passenger that was transporting, and to
make the roads that pass through only public transport.
1.2. Problem statement
Nyamirambo sector is one sector of Nyarugenge district. Boarded with Rwezamenyo sector
in West, Mageragere in South, Kigali in Northeast and Nyakabanda in North and
Nyarugenge in in East of Nyamirambo sector, this sector had a total population of 40,292.
Population structure of Nyamirambo the Male is 20,290 and Female is 20,002 this mean
male is greater than Female. While people between age from 0-14 years are 13,446, between
15-64 years are 26,2018 finally above 65 years old are 628, in addition, Nyamirambo has
single ladies and gentleman are 16638, married are 10662, Separated Divorced people are
1944. (NISR, 2012)
Nyamirambo known as for vibrant nightlife, business that work 24/7 and big Muslim
community among other. However, the big Muslim did not just decide to settle in
Nyamirambo, they settled there due to colonial system of dividing Kigali villages. Hereby
Nyamirambo sector is one of ten sector compose Nyarugenge district, it has four cells that
include Gasharu, Mumena, Rugarama and Cyivugiza. In addition, Nyamirambo has many
services carried out both economic, social and political entities where there found hospitals,
schools, hostels, courts, gambling, churches and trading, the above cited carried out by
people living and outside of Nyamirambo.
Nyamirambo sector is also the one observed the poor access of public transport, that why
we would like to assess those problems that found in Nyamirambo roads this is especially in
the roads network such as CBD to tap rouge and road from Nyabugogo to Red carpet
(Tapi Rouge).
This road observed a highly traffic congestion and jams, due to the private cars, motor
cycles taxis, and in general due to roads that have poor standards in terms of size and
signals that facilitate drivers and people who are using roads in Nyamirambo.
Not only, the problems of the roads but also they are the low capacity of buses that are
transporting passenger, which not reach all corners of roads in Nyamirambo sector like
people from Cyumbati, Rwampala, and sezic they walk long distance to reach where buses
stops.
This problems of transport found in Nyamirambo sector promote negative issues to the
people like delaying on their activities, spending much money to the other transport like to
take yego cabs which is private car, motor cycles taxis.

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This problem it will also affect neighbor sector like Rwezamenyo, Gitega, Nyarugenge
sector, because the network line if it is not well organizing in the Nyamirambo sector
\those products from Rwampala, karekare it will be unable to reach the market on time
like to reach Nyabugogo will be difficult. Therefore, in the response of that poor service of
public transport in Nyamirambo sector, we will use different methods to reach the main
roots cause of that problem in our research that will conducting in Nyamirambo sector.
Therefore, there is another public transport in Nyamirambo sector.
There are also No timetable operation, Inappropriate layout of routes, Insufficient bus bays
(bus stops) and parking spaces in the city Centre, Inefficient and unconventional mini
buses, Insufficient bus routes, Absence of integrated ticketing and revenue sharing
mechanisms for public transport service under a multi-route and multi-operator
environment of Kigali City,
Inadequate standard and coordinated taxi services, Rapid population growth and traffic
increase but inadequate bus service Inadequate coordination between authorities, which
seek no consultation when roads are re-constructed and new roads developed without any
consideration for Bus pull-ins, shelters etc. The unrestricted allocation of new licenses for
minibuses the city now congested with buses parking everywhere and anywhere creating
great problems, the presence of “private” unlicensed buses operating without any structure
and no policy on bus routes
Lack of central panning or standardization used in the road and supplementary
infrastructure, which has detrimental impact on transport vehicles and the efficient

1.3. Research objectives

The general objective of this research is to investigate the main root causes of poor service
of public transport that are available in Nyamirambo sector.
1.3.1 Specific objectives
To obtain the general objective, the present study will specifically:
1. To investigate the roads network of public transport in Nyamirambo sector,
2. To analyze the level of capacity of public transport buses in Nyamirambo sector
3. To identify how people used public transport in Nyamirambo
4. To Proposed alternatives and solutions for improving accessibility to public transport
services in Nyamirambo sector.

1.4. Research questions

This research will help us to respond to the following research questions as shown below:
Specific research objectives and research questions

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Table 1: Specific objectives and research questions

Specific Methods Research Indicators

objectives questions
1. To  Field  What is the  Measuring
investigate observation, length of the length of
Road Data road road network
network in collected network used by the
Nyamiramb with GPS used by buses
o sector and GIS, public
transport?  Nature of
roads (main,
 What the paved,
types are of unpaved and
route that earth roads)
used by
public  Distance
transport? between bus
stops
 What is the
range
intervals
between the
buses stops?

2. To analyze  Analysis  What are the  Total

the level of reports buses that number of
capacity of RFTC availing in bus seats
public Nyamiramb with
transport  Interview o sector? reference to
buses in with the number
Nyamiramb RFTC/ bus  How much of shuttle
o sector Drivers, number of (Go- return)
Passengers passengers of
and Who in each  Distribution
charge of buses and
Tap and Go transporting interconnect
services in ed roads
Nyamiramb (Paved,
 Analysis of o? unpaved and
road

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 networking  How many earth roads)
maps Daily in
working Nyamirambo
hours of
 Time of
public
public
transport
transport
services in
buses start
Nyamiramb
and finish
o?
 To know
 What is the
Services
spatial and
provided if
temporal
everyone are
availability
able to get it
 What are
 If people
information
knowing to
availability
use those
services

 Services
coverage
3. To describe  Visualizatio  How are the  Numbers of
how can n, Sight and people houses
people use Digitalizatio possibly (shops,
and access n benefiting in institution,
public the roads of hostels and
transport in  Field Nyamiramb schools)
Nyamiramb observation, o (Financial, constructed
o sector? Interview, economic near road
Data and social segment of
collected benefits)? Nyamirambo
with GPS
and GIS  How long  Average time
the for waiting
passenger buses in bus
waits the stops
buses in bus
stops or bus
station?

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 4. To  Library  What are the  Strategies for
Proposed research strategies for improving
alternatives (reading improving spatial and
and materials, the level of temporal
solutions internet web services availability
for and accessibility
improving journals) of public
accessibilit transport in
y to public Nyamiramb
transport o sector?
services in
Nyamiramb
o sector.

1.5. Research Hypothesis

During our research project, the following hypotheses demonstrated:
 Many populations settled in Nyamirambo sector also leads to the less public
transport services in terms of buses and poor roads facilities
 High level of private cars and location of Nyamirambo sector is also promote the
poor services of public transport.
1.6. Benefits of research
This research will be great play direct or indirectly to the public transport in Nyamirambo
sector for those people who are invest in the companies of transporting people, drivers,
people who are using roads network.
The findings in research also will use in the implementation of new plans of public
transport and increase the necessary or requirement of those buses like where people may
put their waste, during in the travelling and increase the different places where buses they
can stop waiting passenger.
This study will develop awareness about public transport accessibility in Nyamirambo
sector. Thus, the Kigali city may develop a better transport planning based on the results of
our research, as the research will help the facilities needed and the capacity of buses in
transporting people by comparing with the number of people who use buses in this study
area. This research also may give an opportunity for further research by individuals and
organizations, which involves in accessibility of public transport services.
1.7. Research project structure

These paragraphs summarize how the whole research project is structured:

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These paragraphs summarize how the whole research project is structured:

Chapter1: Explains the background of the topic and clearly stating the research problem, it
defines the research objectives and research questions that need to find solutions.
Moreover, it clearly explains benefit of research, finally, to indicate the structure of this
research.

Chapter2: Discuss the topic by reviewing the literature in order to enhance the
comprehension of the topic related to the increase in public transport, Factors that affect
transport, Challenges facing public transport, public transport available in Nyamirambo
sector, Advantages of public transport in Nyamirambo and people around.

Chapter3: Examine the methods and techniques used in order to indicate geographical
location of the study area, Data collection methods both primary and secondary methods,
library research, map satellites, field observation, interview, uses of GIS remember all the
above methods they describe the methods, procedures, equipment and tools applied in data
collection, processing and analysis.

Chapter4: is composed by results that resulted from observed on road network in

Nyamirambo, Bus stops in Nyamirambo, Capacity of public buses, how services of public
transport are rendered, proximity to bus stops, time for waiting buses the cited results
above are highlighted by using GIS technology, GPS and interview. These data presented
in form of maps, lines, points to indicate the relationship among them.

Chapter5: Describe the research problem posed, and state the conclusions tend to the
possible ways to solve question posed in the research questions.

CHAPTER.2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Introduction

Public transport refers to the movement of passengers and their goods transported by
group travel systems available for use by the public, typically managed on a schedule,
operated on established routes design, and that charge a posted fee for each trip. (Litman,
2016) This chapter will detail about the increase of public transport in Kigali city, the main
factors of public transport, challenges of public transport, public transport that are
available in Kigali city, public transport facilities and benefits of public transport. All those
help us to search and review methods we will use to curb challenges and how

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to improve the achieved activities related to public transport especially in Nyamirambo
sector.

2.1.1. The increase of public transport in Kigali city

Nowadays, Public transport in Kigali city is highly increasingly compared to past decades,
those changes are shown and indicated by how peoples are using these buses in different
parts of Kigali city, secondly urbanisms are now preferred to use public transport instead
of using private cars,
In addition, the government of Rwanda stretches it and the city of Kigali plays a big role
parts in terms of infrastructures related to roads networks, cars and other methods needed
to make transport easy through controlling, encouraging, managing, and promoting.
(Infrastructure, 2012) Moreover, the increase of transport in Kigali city are observed by
the proximity, quality and quantity of how people linked their places using public cars and
how city of Kigali increase number of paved and unpaved roads networks in all parts of
Kigali. (Commons, 2013) Furthermore, Today, Distance is reduced even not enough but
they are level in facilitating people to reach where buses stops.
Furthermore, according to the proximity defined as the distance between where people live
and where buses stops located,
This distance now it reduced even not enough but they are level in facilitating people to
reach where buses stops in Kigali and we hope those people also who are walking long
distance this also will reduced because they are roads which are built now. (Yaliniz, 2011)
For the quality, this types of measurement in Kigali city of how public transport increase it
very clear to many people in terms the buses of high capacity and services of paying money
which known as tap and go where time mapping generated by RURA is 5mins, also the
buses now are available Wi-Fi which facilitate people in their journey. (Lao, 2009)
Quantity this is where number of buses if are corresponding to the passenger that are
willing to use it, this kind of measurement it is not well achieved because the buses are still
few especially in the hour of lunch and evening hour when people are leaving to the
activities. (Ndoh, 1994)
2.1.2. The main factors of public transport in Kigali city

The factors of public transport in Kigali city are the following:

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Availability of many passengers that are settled in Nyamirambo sector and people who are
comes from different part of the country they are using those public transport, as we know
Kigali city is where we found many headquarters, administration, CBD, and basic center of
education. Generally, Kigali city is somehow flat which facilitate in making roads network
such as from Nyabugogo to Remera, from CBD to tap rouge, which are generally flat.
(MININFRA .. , 2012)
Availability of investors that invest in public transport, such as different companies like
Royal Express, Kigali Bus Service (KBS), Rwanda Federation Transport Cooperatives
(RFTC), which gives their buses to transport people from one place to another place in
Kigali city.
2.1.3. The challenges facing public transport in Kigali city

Kigali city is now facing the challenges that discourage the transport sector not to be well
organize today. (Republic of Rwanda, 2012) Firstly, flooding at Nyabugogo push degraded
Taxis Park and the destruction of roads, bridges at Nyabugogo remember this took a place
during the rainy season and these catastrophic events hinder the development of public
transport in Kigali city. Secondly, Bad location of Kigali city, which is made by hills, create a
difficulty to promote roads network, and those roads, which are built, takes much cost to
invest in those roads created and promoted in an area. In addition, Shortage of land for
expanding the roads network because Kigali city is very densely populated that lead public
transport highly costed. (Sheth, 2003)
Furthermore, Public transport in Kigali city is challenged by Atmospheric pollution, air
pollution, traffic congestion, accidents, high energy consumption, limited preservation due
to road construction, land degradation, climate change that cause the epidemic disease and
the obesity. Those challenges caused by poor control of the effect to the environment, poor
planning, lack access management of vehicles, lack of adequate of high capital and
financial are few that cause the economic and environmental challenges. To join public
transport and private transport there are a big issue because it take more time in the
investment but now we can be proud where the transport level it reaches now. (Soehodho,
2006)

2.1.4. Public transport available in Kigali city

Public transport within Kigali city now is dominated by coaster and buses, currently,
Kigali city is characterized by min buses and buses in routes of Kigali city, and public
transport in Kigali city have scheduled where buses waiting the passenger moving from one
place to another,

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The cost of public transport also today known because the people are using electronic
payments known as tap and Go,
this is a card used to make easy travel where passenger can credit or put money on that
card by using Mobile money or Tigo cash, the people who have the same direction or line of
buses they pay the same money, this new method of paying ticket, it facilitate people in
their journey. (Growth, 2014)
Nevertheless, sometime, it was not flexible and fair because people pay the same amount of
ticket when moving at the same distance to travel some passengers are more profitable
others get loss.
For example, people may pay as if the cost of 175Rwf. Then, to get the piece of money (coin
of 5rwf) is so difficult, secondly, people from Tapi rouge (red carpet) to Central Business
District (CBD) they are both pay the same money as those who stop to Biryogo and to 40.
Remember the cost/ticket of that routes line is 176 Rwf. people who are using the route line
from Nyabugogo to Remera also they pay the same money even they stay at Kinamba or
Remera the cost of that line is 253Rwf.
About the coaster and buses transporting passenger in Kigali city it was marked by
different societies and companies which are, Rwanda Federation Transport Cooperative
(RFTC), Kigali Bus Service (KBS), Royal express, which are working from 5h30 am to
22h00 pm.
Those buses and coaster, they have ability to carry passenger from 28 to 75 this is due to
those big buses they have no limited number of passenger because some of they are walking
with standing attaching to the things above in the floor of the buses without seating.
(MININFRA, 2012)
In Kigali city those public transport during the night every routes lines is connecting with
public light which helps passenger to know where they reach and where they stop because
at night and day they are the same.
2.1.5. Public transport facilities in Kigali city

The facilities of public transport in Kigali city is generally not at high level because, it is
difficulty to the many people like people who have disabilities, and elders,
In addition, there are no special buses for them, and about services it very difficult to get
things that can be needed to satisfy human wants like foods, services of mobile money,
Moreover, other like toilets, and the ways of centralization to the passenger it is still big
issue because there people who are settled in Kigali city walking 25mins to reach where

1
buses stops located.
Finally, in order to solve some above problems, the city of Kigali try to promote new mode
of paying ticket bills by introducing the automated fare collection system using smart cards
know as Tap and Go where one card can be used in all buses that has this system across all
the companies. This system come up to reduce time delay for paying, safety issues, to have
cash in hands, to pay government' revenues. These make a public transport to improve
economic, financial, social and environmental benefits.

Figure 1: Use of Tap and Go in Kigali city

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Figure 2: Construction of road network

2.1.6. Benefits of public transport in Kigali city

Firstly, Public transport plays great role in Kigali city, which leads to the increase of GDP
of Kigali city towards to the national level hence the development in terms of economy
increase. Secondly, Public transport leads to the development of infrastructure in terms of
roads, hereby public transport is required the quality of roads which help people in
walking and leisure. (Economy, 2000)
In addition, Public transport generate employment to the many people who are working in
drivers, people who serving tap and go, and cleaners of roads, which leads to the earning
income.
Moreover, Public transport also promote to the development of other sectors, such as
tourism, commerce, and agriculture. In addition, when it is at high-level will leads to the
quick mobility of goods and services to the market hence commerce and trade to be
developed. In addition, attract tourism where number of tourist in area increased due to
people moving by using public buses.
Furthermore, Public transport is very essential to people who transported their products
from one place to another these carried out by using public transport.
Finally, public transport helps in reducing traffic congestion and jams, reduce accidents,
Hence low carbon dioxide emission in the atmosphere, this is because public transport they
consume small space compared to the private cars that can carrying equal number of those
are in buses this is to that someone may moves alone in his car and consumes a lot space in
the roads.

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2.1.7. As conclusion

Public transport in Kigali city is very important for the development in terms of economy,
environmentally, and the well-being of the people, as we have seen above the public
transport facilitate in reduce carbon dioxide emission, link the people from different part in
Kigali city and around it, and generate employment opportunities to the people.
In generally, we must put more effort to increase public transport service accessibility in
where it is still problem by creating only roads of public transport, increase the facilities,
creating new roads that reached by public uses for facilitating people work long distance,
in other to get high internees from that public transport.

CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODS AND TECHNIQUES

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the research strategies and techniques applied
in the research, as well as the scope and delimitation of the research design. This part
highlights therefore all methods and procedures that will use in collecting data and
gathering all information concerning the research topic. It will be again explaining in
details the data that will be collected and described how this will be done during the
fieldwork in Nyamirambo sector by describing each step and how will be achieved. In
order to achieve the performance of the research, both primary and secondary data
collection techniques.
3.1. Study area description

3.1.1. Geographical location

Nyamirambo sector is located southern part of Nyarugenge district in Kigali city,

Nyamirambo city is one of the first city in Kigali i.e. it is first foundation center in Kigali. It
composed by four cells. Those are Cyivugiza, Mumena, Rugarama and Gasharu

1
Figure 3: Location of Nyamirambo sector

1
Source: ArcGIS 2019
3.1.2. Physical characteristics

3.1.2.1.Land use

Nyamirambo Sector is one of ten sectors of Nyarugenge District in the city of Kigali. The
sector covers the surface areas of 8.75 km2 in the total area of district of 13,399 Km2 of
Nyarugenge district. It had the total population of 40,292 in 2012 with density of 4,607/Km2
(NISR, 2012)
Nyamirambo sector has affected by population pressure, which leads to the creation of two
types of urban neighboring. Densely populated in informal settlement due to the
topography, and they have insufficient infrastructure in terms of roads. The second types
of urban neighbor is the internes and migrants that leads to urban sprawl. (Niyonsenga,
2012)
In general, the main economic activities that are taking over to land in Nyamirambo sector
it buildings because different people populate it comes inside and outside of the sector.

3.1.2.2.Settlements and sector neighborhoods

Spatial occupation of Nyamirambo has influenced by its hilly topography and the site
covered by marshland and flooded zone near Karekare and Cyumbati

3.1.2.3.Demographic characteristics of Nyamirambo

Population structure of Nyamirambo are in the following categories that include; the Male
is 20,290 and Female is 20,002 this means that male is greater than Female. While people
between age from 0-14 years are 13,446, between 15-64 years are 26,2018 finally above 65
years old are 628, in addition, Nyamirambo has single ladies and gentleman are 16638,
married are 10662, Separated Divorced people are 1944.
Population living in Nyamirambo have different beliefs and culture where some of them
are Muslims, Catholics, Protestants, Adventists and other churches, in addition, the
majority are Christian from catholic church with 34.1%, protestants with 33.4%, Muslims
with 19.8%…
Nevertheless, due to large number of Muslims living To40 many people always believe that
Nyamirambo has majority of Muslims but they were wrong. The majority is Christian
from Catholic Church followed by Christians from Anglican Church.

1
Figure 4: Population growth in Nyamirambo sector

16

Figure 5: Population Culture and beliefs in Nyamirambo

3.2. Data collection methods

3.2.1. Secondary data collection

The literature review will use to collect data from different documents such as textbooks,
paper articles, web site like google dissertations and technical report related to my topic.
These materials and instruments prepared and published by authors will help the
researcher to obtain historical back ground information to the research topic, it facilitated
to get information relating to how public transport in Kigali city are built and policies
regulations. The information provided from different document including research papers,
books, journals and legislative documents, theses and web sites completed courses like,
urban and regional planning theory, service and infrastructure.

3.2.1.1Library research

1
In order to come up with information related to public transport accessibility we have

1
tried to get, analyze and evaluate a containing collection of data from different materials,
This may carry out through reading books, consulting news from internet, read articles
and journals, extract published materials, critical thinking and reading documentation
related to Rwanda Transport Development Agency (RTDA), Nyarugenge District
Development Plan (DDP), Ministry of Infrastructure and Rwanda Utility Regulatory
Agency (RURA)
3.3. Primary data collection

This method have used to collect information that predict to the main root causes of the
problem related to poor public transport services in Nyamirambo sector, And also it helped
us to reach require information in the field that help to get real information and
understanding how those challenges can be solved because we are with the people who have
those problem and asked them different questions and then we analyze alternative
solutions related to those questions posed. Finally, we note all what we have seen with our
eyes when we were on the field.
3.3.1. Maps satellites images analyses

Maps are used to analyses existing situation in the area. In addition, it supported us to
achieve the first specific objective of analyzing and resolving the challenges related to poor
services of public transport in Nyamirambo sector,
Where we focused on the Orth photo of Kigali city in the ways of looking the main causes
of those problems will use. (Habyarimana., 2013)

3.3.2. Field observation

The activities of collecting data should base of primary sources and secondary sources,
fieldwork will carry out as follows:
 Digitizing of all bus stops in Nyamirambo sector using a GPS
 Observing the types of routes that are used by public transport
 We have seen the time that when passengers are many and when passengers are
less especially during the day (Morning time and Evening time)
 We were also record the time that passenger using for waiting buses by recording
the time for arriving to buses stop and the time wait when he or she entered in the
buses
 We have observed if the public roads are respecting the requirement needed that

1
 facilitating the drivers using the roads effectively such as light signal, zebra crossing
(allow passengers to cross road), public light and traffic signs.
Photos that we have taken are using digital camera during fieldwork and this method will
help to select the sampling techniques, where will look the true information.
3.3.3. Interview and survey

Firstly, this interview was based on two side; drivers and passengers, where we have asked
passengers different questions such as what are distance require to reach on bus stops,
which time they may use and also we have questioned passenger which are other methods
may use when they failed to get buses from public transport services in Nyamirambo
sector.

When we reached on bus stop of Nyamirambo near Red carpet (Tapi rouge) at 07h00a.m
Firstly, we asked five (5) drivers transporting passengers there at Red carpet. We have
asked drivers when they get a small break.
Secondly, we have recorded the time passenger waiting bus in bus stop from the passenger
reach in the bus stop, entering in the buses and when the time he spent when he entered in
the bus before bus moving.
In addition, this interview was carried out at the drivers in charge of transporting people
from their places, we have got information of when divers start and end their daily job.
And also we will ask how do he behave when has caught in with traffic jam and
congestion in order to know the reaction of passengers and their willing (good or bad
attitude), these combined questions will show in appendix1.
Furthermore, we will ask at what does he find many passengers and less passenger(s) in
bus stop or station and why does he think reasons why passenger are not equally available.
Finally, we will ask driver to converse with us of how those challenges/problems can be
resolved according to his will. As conclusion, the above combined questioning carried out
through face-to-face conversation, they will help us to analyze and extract the information
related to how the specific objectives will achieve due to the analyzed main root causes of
that research topic.

In addition, we have used open questions and face to face conversation in order to avoid
time expenses and to lose information on the that topic

2
Furthermore, the information collected were serve at analyzing what measures, policies
and regulations taken into considerations to curb the problem related to poor public
transport services observed in Nyamirambo sector.
However, we have been also asked 10 passengers around there purposely for knowing how
perform their role in public transport.
Finally, we were wrote what we have got on the field in the academic materials like
notebook and machines the interview will admit to drivers, passengers and other related to
transport. More details will show in appendix2.
3.3.4. Use of GIS

GIS have been used in producing different maps and which include the roads network in
Nyamirambo sector administrative map of Nyamirambo sector and the boundary of
Nyamirambo sector proximity and GPS will help us to record the buses stop in
Nyamirambo sector and then we put in excel and put in GIS then start to digitize.

3.3.5. Data analyses and interpretation

On the completion of data collection, data were analyzed by using a computer, by entering
them in Microsoft ward, Microsoft excel, and represent data using maps, graphs, tables.
Data collected by air planes like Orth photo of Kigali city that are in soft of GIS data it
helped us to analyze information by using ArcGIS to present the findings.

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CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1. Introduction
This chapter four (4) come up to examine, discuss, presents, detail the findings from
different data used, and discuss them by providing analysis and interpretation of them.
This chapter answers research questions posed. The analysis of assessment of public
transport service accessibility in Nyamirambo sector based on the research objectives and
hypotheses.

4.2. Roads network of public transport in Nyamirambo sector

Nyamirambo sector has several kinds of roads that interlinking different parts of this
sector and surroundings, where they include tarmacked, paved and unpaved roads, which
used by public transport and private cars.
for example, paved road of Mutwe, which joining the tarmacked road of short way from
CBD to Red carpet (Tapi rouge) and they are other paved roads which pass through near
the houses of people which are travelled by motor cycle taxis, private cars, people who
walking and leisure, un paved road from tops40 to sezic. and also there are tarmacked

2
roads such as the interconnected roads from Nyamirambo 40 to CBD, Tapi rouge to
Nyabugogo, tops40 to Mageragere, road network from 40top continue to Gikondo, and
other roads that need the use of motorcycles and other kinds of transports.
Nyamirambo sector has also different roads, streets that people use from different parts of
Nyamirambo and its surroundings in other to reach where they can reach to the bus stops
for example from downhill of Rujugiro settlement, Cyumbati, sezic to 40, from
Mageragere, Rwarutabura to Red carpet (Tapi rouge),
From near under G.S Cyahafi to Mutwe roads, people living Nyamirambo and outsiders of
that sector use these roads. Roads network in Nyamirambo sector is used only coaster of
RFTC that are transporting passenger in that sector.

Figure 6: Roads network in Nyamirambo sector

Source: ArcGIS 2019

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4.2.1. Bus stops in Nyamirambo sector

A bus stop is a designated place where buses reaches and stop for passengers to
board or alight from a bus with the aim of interlinking people with place. (Paulick,
2008)The construction of bus stops tends to reflect the level of usage, businesses, utilities
and other
Nyamirambo sector have nine bus stops in both direction meaning that as the roads have
both side right and left, bus stops in Nyamirambo sector started near primary school of
Intwari and ended to Red carpet (Tapi rouge) knowns Edge of road for the coaster from
the CBD
In addition, the coaster from Nyabugogo its first stops started in near Centre Culturaire
Islamic de Nyamirambo known as (Ghaddafi) and end at Red carpet (Tapi rouge).
related urban activities needed to be transported from place to place Bus stops can be
placed at busy locations may have shelters, seating, and possibly electronic passenger
information systems While when there is less busy stops they may use a simple pole and
flag to mark the location.
In addition, Bus stops are, in some locations, clustered together into transport, hubs
allowing interchange between routes from nearby stops and with other public transport
modes to maximize convenience.
Moreover, in Nyamirambo sector bus stops are less efficient, accessible and less affordable
according to passengers waiting buses to reach in their different places. Even in
Nyamirambo and its surroundings for example; bus stops are located near Mbaya house
(known as 40), Near MBC Hospital and RTICO co. Ltd, Near Karoli Lwanga and Red
carpet (Tapi rouge) in this buses stops region people spent 10 minutes waiting coaster to
reach him or her.
Also the due to the many people in that bus stops the coaster may continue without
stopping in the buses stops hence passenger spend lot of time greater than that they
generated by RURA. The below map show how bus stops in Nyamirambo are successively
arranged according to road network of this sector.
Nyamirambo sector there is no parking of buses it has, meaning that it is only buses stops
where the passenger waiting the coaster

2
Figure 7: Location of buses stops

The average distance of bus stops is calculated in the summation of distance between from
the where one bus stops to reach to the other bus stop in both direction means that right
and left we found that the summation of distance in bus stops in Nyamirambo is equal to
1999.00783meters,
Then the average distance will be equal to the summation of distance between bus stops
divide by the number intervals between the buses stop, which are 8

Mean= 1999.00783/8
Then mean distance is equal to 249.87meters
This means that the buses in Nyamirambo sector will move at low speed because the
distance moving in other to reach to the where it stops it is small.

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Figure 8: Measurement of distance between bus stops

4.3. The capacity of public buses in Nyamirambo sector

In Nyamirambo, sector roads network it is working the vehicles of the coasters of RFTC,
which are transporting the passengers every day this coasters each has the ability of
transporting 29 passenger for each. Nyamirambo sector have the different directions which
those public buses are use those include the line of; Nyabugogo- Tapi rouge, CBD
- Tapi rouge, Mageragere-Red carpet (Tapi rouge), the public buses in Nyamirambo sector
is starting from 5h30 am up to 22h00 pm. In Nyamirambo sector there are also other types
of transport which working in roads network of Nyamirambo sector which are also motor
bicycles taxis and yego cabs.

Table 2: Distribution of passenger carrying capacity for all types of public transport
operated in Nyamirambo sector

Type of Company Numbe Passenger Total

vehicles/operato r of capacity/vehicl passenger
rs vehicle es carrying
capacity
(Number of
(Shuttles)
2
 seats)
Bus RFTC 9 25 to 29 29x2=58
58x9=522
Taxi cabs Nyamiramb 21 4 4x2=8
o
21x8=168
Taxi
Services
Ltd.
Motorbike COTVN 400 1 2x2=2
800x2=160
0

Total for all 434 2290

vehicles
Source:
4.4. Services of public transport in Nyamirambo sector

Public transport Services in, Nyamirambo sector will determined by the distance of people
walk to reach to the where bus stops people in Nyamirambo sector walk long distance to
reach where bus stops due to this sector is located to the aside of Kigali city.
This affect to the people comes in Nyamirambo sector to delay because there was no many
public buses that are crossing in this sector to reach in the other region because when the
buses reach at Stade regional Nyamirambo (Kigali Stadium) they return in the CBD and
Nyabugogo
That is why there is no many public roads can be found there and also the location of
Nyamirambo in terms altitudes many part of Nyamirambo have high steps like Rwampala,
Sezic, Mumena, and Cyumbati, Miduha, And Rwarutabura which affected by risk of rain
season,
Then the above hinder discourage the construction of public roads and push people to walk
in order to reduce the distance use to reach at buses stops.
In measuring the distance of people walk in Nyamirambo sector to reach to the where
buses stop we use GIS software to represent the where people who are in nearness to the
buses stop different methods buffering. (Horner M. W., 2004) Here we have seen both
temporal availability and spatial availability

2
 Temporal
Temporal
Spatial availability

Potential Dispatched bus Average Operated hours Services coverage based on buffer from
Public
public transport seating capacity observed head by public
transport network/travel per route per away per hour transport per
trips time day per route route per day

Public transport based Potential public transport journeys co

flow gravity modeling Weighting indicators based
on defined threshold

Weighted seating Potential public transport journeys cov

Weighted public
capacity per route Weighted waiting
transport service
times per route
span per route

Potential public transport journey near

Service capacity per
route

Potential journeys
served by public
transport

Proportion of potential public

transport journeys adequately
served per hexagon

2
4.4.1. Evaluation of temporal availability of public transport services

We defined the sequential of stages of followed to estimates the potential transit demand.
Among the out puts of the estimation of trips produced and attracted at each side and the
number of trips travelled along particular route per day. (David, 2012)
The weighted seating capacity service for any route is equal to
Cj=Nj/Pj
NJ: is the total number of buses seats across on the route j per day Pj:
potential passengers to travel in route j per day
4.4.2 Evaluation of spatial availability of public transport services
The services coverage by public transport defined by the distance of people walk in other to
reach on bus stop. (Niyonsenga D. , 2012) Here we use the method of buffering by showing
the nearest people to reach on bus stop and people came far to the bus stop in Nyamirambo
sector
The potential distance of people walk, we have calculated by using this formula B
j with
i=∑j
Pij=Aij/Aj*Pi
Where: Aij is the area intersection between buffer i and hexagon j
Pi is potential public transport journey j.

4.4.3. Services of public transport coverage

The spatial coverage of public transport is essential to measure where the services can
reach in different part of Nyamirambo sector. This gives the services provision to the

2
people by using GIS approach. The use of GIS gives the possibility to delineate areas for
public transport covered. And best distance people they walk to reach where they can get
buses for using or walking short distance
.

Figure 9 : Location Proximity to bus stops

Public transport is not well served in Nyamirambo sector this is why, because people are
walking long distance, according to the figure 6 above this is the buffer zone where we take
500m from bus stop but the many part in Nyamirambo sector it is not near to the bus stop
as it seen above.

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4.4.4. Time passenger waiting in buses stop

In Nyamirambo sector the time passenger waiting of buses is not very long because it have
short roads interconnected meaning that the journey of people moving from Nyamirambo
sector,
They are not spent long time sitting in the buses especially at the road network from
Nyamirambo to CBD the maximum minutes passenger spent in that journey it is
26munites
And also, there is nearness of buses stop which helps passenger to get busses at quick
period also there is number of buses which help people to reach where they went, because
when all complete their destination buses are able to return to their buses stops,
This were done when there found that are many passenger this is due to the Nyamirambo
sector there is no parking of taxis have.
We have investigated the time of passenger waiting the buses by taking clock and we
calculate from the time passenger reach in where bus stop and the time passenger spend
sitting in the bus before it starts to move. This time is variable that why we count four
times and we have use this counting in different buses stop such as bus stop near Adventist
of seventh day Nyamirambo, near Karoli Lwanga and near Kigali stadium knowns at the
Edge.
In Nyamirambo sector public buses start from 5h30 am to 22h00 pm in this period
passenger increase from 7h00am to 9h30am
In this time, the passenger is many because some of they are going in the working in the
office, commerce, to study as Nyamirambo sector has densely populated this time interval
we found that the average time the passenger spent waiting buses is 6 minutes
From 10h00 am to 11h30 this time passenger is very few and buses spent 15minutes waiting
the passenger even some of buses they move with few passengers still complete their
destination in this period the passenger waiting buses at the average time of 13mins.
From 12h00am to 14h00 pm this period passenger is also many due to the lunch hour the
time of waiting buses is also not long the average time is 8minutes
From 16h00pm to 19h00 pm passenger in Nyamirambo roads are many continue to
increase because those who comes from activities and working in different institution,
This leads to the long line in the buses stop which passenger spent the 30minutes in order to
reach where he enter in the bus so here we found that the number of buses are

3
few compared to the passenger that are available, for example passenger who want to go
Mageragere wait 40min at Evening hours,
Moreover, those who go CBD and Nyabugogo they wait bus between 10-20min because
they continue to work but due to many passenger people delay to reach in their home.
Finally, the total average time for waiting buses took the approximate of 23minutes.
According to the interview guided, we have done with the passenger and driver using the
public transport in Nyamirambo sector they give us different information that we have
analyzed as the following; the interview with the passengers using the roads network from
red carped to CBD
When we reach on bus stop of Nyamirambo near Red carpet (Tapi rouge) at 07h00a.m
there big numbers of passengers waiting for buses.
we try to approximate the time range for waiting and entering to bus and we see that time
for waiting is between 8-10minutes this push us to ask some passenger available there but
all of them their obstacles are the same such as:
To wait buses for a long period of time, Few buses on road network of Nyamirambo, Unfair
price of travel and no car that facilitate people who have disability but today few are
introduced.
Some of them told us due to little number of buses transporting even from Nyamirambo to
Nyabugogo, Nyabugogo to Gisozi and long queue of passengers these hinder them to attend
at time their daily activities.

Secondly, they told us she walks the length of 3.6km to reach on where bus stop locate at
(near Mbaya house known as (40) and they told us she uses at least 20minutes for walking
and 5minutes when she get motorcyclist,
In addition, they told us they could use other methods of transport when they failed to get
public bus from Nyamirambo-Nyabugogo-Gisozi and other road line.
Furthermore, time used for waiting buses depends on time of their daily activities where
they told us they could get motorcyclist or taxicab to transport them to their places.
Finally, time for using other means of transports are highly costed because they paid from
1200rwf when they got motor and 2000-3000rwf when they got taxicab.

3
Figure 10: Passenger waiting time for 07h00a.m to 02h00p.m

The average waiting time: (20x3) + (40x2) + (10x2) + (30+23+13+15+37)/12=23minutes

According to the time generated by RURA this time is much because the time that RURA
provided it is 5minutes people should spent waiting bus in bus stop.

4.4.5. Distribution of public transport and their prices

In Nyamirambo roads network the prices of public transport also generated by RURA to
these different types of transport that are using different roads segment this is shown in
appendix3.

Table 3: Distribution of public transport and their prices

Types of vehicles Route line(segment) Price of journey Number of seat(s)

Coaster  Nyabugogo- 220 25-29

3
 Kimisagara-
Nyakabanda-
Tapis rouge-
Ku Ranyuma
 Nyamirambo
-CBD
176
 Nyamirambo
-
Mageragere 268
 Nyamirambo
-40-biryogo-
CSK-kanogo-
Nyabugogo 231
Taxis cabs Tapis rouge- CBD 2000 4
Nyabugogo-Ku 2500
ryanyuma

Motor bycles taxis CBD- Tapis rouge 700 1

Nyabugogo- Ku 900
ryanyuma
40- CSK
300

CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1. Conclusion

This study carried out to assess public transport accessibility in Nyamirambo sector to
know the level in which people access public transport services. In fact, public transport
service in Nyamirambo sector is not well accessible and served. this study have focused on
passengers’ waiting time, bus stops spacing along public road network, walkable distance
to the bus stops, places and time of traffic congestions to answer the

3
research questions posed.
Certainly, the buses are not enough available by comparing to the demand of people. This
research show how passengers wait a long time on Nyamirambo bus terminal and on its
nearby bus stops such as Red carpet (Tapi-Rouge) and near Mbaya house at40, where the
result indicated that they wait average time of 23 minutes. In addition, the interview
revealed the consequences passengers met when they spend a long period on queue
including expenses coming from taking motorcycle as the second option to reach to the
destination and delay on reaching to the working places.
Based on the results, we have identified for to what extent should improve tem to provide a
better public transport service. One of the suggested improvements is to extend the
coverage of public transport system and increase number of public buses serving people.
To address the insufficiency of public transport service, we suggested the provision of
larger buses, and increase of service frequency in bus lines with high headway. We have
also identified priority bus lines that should allocate the larger buses based on their
observed headways.
5.2. Recommendations

By basing on the results obtained from data collected by using different research
techniques including literature review, interview, observation and counting and GIS
technology. The following recommendations formulated.
1. RFTC in collaboration with RURA should create a new bus line Red carpet (Tapi-
Rouge)Taxi Park –Nyabugogo and CBD that passes by Camp Kigali taxi park to decrease
the long time waiting on the line Red carpet-Nyabugogo due to a distribution of new road
line.
2. Nyarugenge District and RFTC should build shelter, and provide seats, and other
facilities on the bus stop such as shops, restaurants, public toilet to facilitate public
transport services
3. RURA and RFTC should Impose transport companies to respect time so that the
passengers cannot spend a long time in journey or waiting for buses
4. Finally, the City of Kigali should plan bus lines for new main road in order to allow
smooth movement of buses.

3
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URP, G. f. (2012). GIS for urban and regional planning.

Venter, C. (2016). Developing a common Narrative on urban accessibility: A

transportation Percipective Washington.
Yaliniz, P. B. (2011). Evaluation of urban public transportation efficiency in Kutahya,
Turkey. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 20, 885-895. doi:
10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.08.097 .
Zyl, N. V. (2004). Planning of a Public Transport System for the City of Kigali, Rwanda.
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Appendices

Appendix 1.

This interview is for Drivers that use the buses of RFTC.

These questions are addressed to some drivers of RFTC working on the line that serve
Nyamirambo especially for who that are using road network from Red carpet (Tapi-
rouge)-At the Edge of road (Ranyuma) to CBD.
1. How do you behave when you have caught in with traffic jam and congestion?
2. At what do you find many passengers and less passenger(s) in bus stop or
station and Why?
3. How those challenges/problems can be resolved?

Thank you for your participation!

3
Appendix 2.

Interview

Guide

This interview is for passengers that use the buses of RFTC.

The below are questions will be addressed to some of passengers using road network
from Red carpet (Tapi-rouge)-At the Edge of road (Ranyuma) to CBD.
1. What distance do you use to reach the nearest bus stop? (in meters)
2. Which time you may use to reach the nearest bus stop? (in minutes)
3. When public buses are available for you?
4. When do you spend a long period waiting for bus in bus stop? (Morning/Evening)
5. What are the other transport means you may use when you failed to get public
bus? (Taxi-cabs/Motor-cyclist/Taxi-velo)
6. Do you think that Nyamirambo sector is well served by public transport? (Yes/No)
7. How public transport can be improved?

Thank you for your participation!

Appendix 3. Prices of public transport in Kigali city

No Line Price/RWF

4
1 CBD- Down town-Gakinjiro-Gitega-Biryogo-Rafiki- 176
Ku RYA Nyuma
2 Dawn town-Nyabugogo 108
3 Down town-Nyabugogo-Gatsata-Karuruma- 297
Nyacyonga
4 Down town-Nyabugogo-Kmisagara-Nyakabanda- 220
Tapis-Rouge- Ku Rya Nyuma
5 Nyacyonga- Nduba 418
6 Nyabugogo- Gitikinyoni- Nzove( skol)-Rutonde 277
7 Nyabugogo- Kamuhanda-Ruyenzi 218

8 Nyabugogo-Karuruma-Gihogwe-jali 467

9 Nyabugogo-Nyacyonga 219

10 Nyabugogo-Ruyenzi-Bishenyi 272

11 Nyacyonga-Rutunga 539

12 Nyamirambo(Rya Nyuma)-40-Biryogo-CSK- 231

Kanogo-Nyabugogo
13 Nyamirambo-Rwarutabura- Mageragere 267

14 Nyabugogo-Ruyenzi-Runda(Gihara) 322