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Lecture 18 Oscillators 13 Oct 22

This document discusses sinusoidal waveform generators, including: 1. It introduces low-frequency and radio-frequency sine wave generators such as the Wien bridge oscillator and Colpitt's oscillator. 2. It describes function generators, non-sinusoidal generators like multivibrators, and sweep frequency generators. 3. It provides details on audio frequency signal generators, including the use of an oscillator, attenuator, and controls for coarse/fine frequency and amplitude. 4. It discusses oscillator theory requirements for sustained oscillations and examples of the Wien bridge oscillator and problems calculating frequencies from given component values.

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37 views8 pages

Lecture 18 Oscillators 13 Oct 22

This document discusses sinusoidal waveform generators, including: 1. It introduces low-frequency and radio-frequency sine wave generators such as the Wien bridge oscillator and Colpitt's oscillator. 2. It describes function generators, non-sinusoidal generators like multivibrators, and sweep frequency generators. 3. It provides details on audio frequency signal generators, including the use of an oscillator, attenuator, and controls for coarse/fine frequency and amplitude. 4. It discusses oscillator theory requirements for sustained oscillations and examples of the Wien bridge oscillator and problems calculating frequencies from given component values.

Uploaded by

Prakhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INSTR F311

Electronic Instruments and


Instrumentation Technology
Lecture-18: Sinusoidal Waveform generators (Oscillators)
13-Oct-2022

Dr. Sri Ram Shankar Rajadurai


Assistant Professor, EEE, Chamber: D-116
BITS Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus
[email protected]
+91-832-2580874
Introduction to Signal Generators
Low-frequency (LF) sine-wave generators
(Eg.) Wien bridge oscillator, Crystal oscillator

Radio-frequency (RF) sine-wave generators


(Eg.) Colpitt’s oscillator

Function generator

Non-sinusoidal generators
- Bistable Multivibrator (Schmitt Trigger)
- Astable Multivibrator (Square wave generator, Triangular wave generator)
- Monostable Multivibrator (Pulse waveform generator)

Sweep Frequency generator


13-Oct-22 EIIT: Sinusoidal Waveform generators 2
Audio frequency signal generator

Oscillator Attenuator Output

Coarse Fine
Amplitude
frequency frequency
control
control control

Oscillator is a self-sustaining sinusoidal waveform generator


(Eg.) RC feedback oscillator – Wien bridge oscillator, RC Phase shift oscillator

13-Oct-22 EIIT: Sinusoidal Waveform generators 3


Oscillator theory
Gain
To have sustained oscillations at the output:

Loop Magnitude |Aβ| ≥ 1


Phase ∠(A β) = 2πn
where n=1,2,3,…
Feedback factor

In case A is a pure DC gain, ∠(A)=0, ∠(β)= 2πn

13-Oct-22 EIIT: Sinusoidal Waveform generators 4


Wien bridge Oscillator
Amplification gain
(Non-inverting amplifier) Feedback factor

V_o : Output

CB RB
RA CA
Component values:
RA = RB = R
Condition for Frequency of
CA = C B = C
sustained oscillations
oscillations

13-Oct-22 EIIT: Sinusoidal Waveform generators 5


Attenuator

13-Oct-22 EIIT: Sinusoidal Waveform generators 6


Problem on Attenuator design

When the switch S is closed:


Bypass R2.
State the resistor values R1, R2 and R3, so that the
output range is either 0-0.1 V or 0-1V for an input
sine wave of 5V amplitude.

When the switch S is open:


Include R2.

13-Oct-22 EIIT: Sinusoidal Waveform generators 7


Problem on Wien bridge oscillator

C = 300 nF.
Calculate the minimum and maximum frequencies that can be generated with a variable resistance R: 500 Ω to 5 kΩ

[Answers: f_min = 106.1 Hz, f_max = 1061 Hz ]

13-Oct-22 EIIT: Sinusoidal Waveform generators 8

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