Shear Design of Beam

Lecture 8
Reinforced Concrete I
CENG 314

1
 Introduction
• Shear Stress is defined as the magnitude of the
internal force acting parallel to the area
divided by the area.
• This stress is produced due to the sliding of
various layers of the material on one another.

2
Shear failure in Beams

3
Cracks in Beams

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 Types of shear cracking
• Web shear cracks
• The cracks which start from the Neutral axis and
spread diagonally towards two faces. Usually appear
at an angle of 45o.

• Flexure-Shear Cracks
• The cracks which develops from the tip of a flexural
crack at the tension side of the beam and propagates
towards mid depth until it reaches the compression
side of the beam.

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 Types of reinforcement

• The code allows the use of three

types of Shear Reinforcement
• Vertical stirrups
• Inclined stirrups
• Bent up bars

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 Critical Section
• For RC members it is at a distance of d or at the face of support.

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 Shear Resistance Design
• The strength requirement for shear that has to be satisfied is:

𝜙𝑉𝑛 ≥ 𝑉𝑢
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑉𝑛 = 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝜙 = 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 0.75
• The nominal shear force is generally resisted by concrete and shear reinforcement:

𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑠
𝑉𝑠 = 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑉𝑐 = 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒
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 Shear Strength Provided by Concrete
• ACI Code gives the following equations for calculating 𝑉𝑐 .

22.5.5.1.1 ACI 318-19

• 𝑉𝑐 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 0.42𝜆 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 22.5.5.1.1 ACI 318-19
• In Table 22.5.5.1, the value of 𝑁𝑢 /6𝐴𝑔 shall not be taken greater than 0.05𝑓𝑐′
• The size effect modification factor, λs, shall be determined by

• 𝜆𝑠 =
2
1+0.004𝑑
≤1
22.5.5.1.3 ACI 318-19
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Shear Strength provided by Web steel, Vs

• The requirements for RC members given by ACI318-19 is as follows.

• Vs for shear reinforcement in 22.5.8.5.2 shall be calculated by:

• Where α is the angle between the inclined stirrups and the

longitudinal axis of the member, s is measured parallel to the
longitudinal reinforcement,
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• Since
𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑠

𝜙 𝑉𝑛 = 𝜙𝑉𝑐 + 𝜙𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉𝑢

𝜙 𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉𝑢 − 𝜙𝑉𝑐

𝑉𝑢 − 𝜙𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑠 =
𝜙

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑 𝑉𝑢 − 𝜙𝑉𝑐
=
𝑠 𝜙

• Required spacing of stirrups

𝜙𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑
𝑠=
𝑉𝑢 − 𝜙𝑉𝑐

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 Spacing of Shear reinforcement
• As per ACI code maximum spacing of legs of shear reinforcement along the length
of the member and across the width of the member shall be in accordance with
Table 9.7.6.2.2.

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 Minimum Shear reinforcement
• ACI requirements are as follows:
• 0 ≤ 𝑉𝑢 ≤ 0.083𝜙 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 𝑁𝑜 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 theoratically.
• 0.083𝜙 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 < 𝑉𝑢 ≤ ∅𝑉𝑐 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 (except the cases*)
• 𝑉𝑢 > 𝜙𝑉𝑐 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡.
• *Cases (Table 9.6.3.1)
(a) Beams with h not greater than 250 mm
(b)Beams integral with slabs with h not greater than 600 mm and not greater than the larger
of 2.5 times the thickness of flange, and 0.5 times width of web.
(c) Constructed with steel fiber-reinforced normal weight concrete conforming to
26.4.1.5.1(a), 26.4.2.2(i), and 26.12.7.1(a) and with fc′ ≤ 40 MPa with h not greater than
600 mm and 𝑉𝑢 ≤ 0.17𝜙 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
(d)Concrete one way joist system 13
 Minimum shear reinforcement
• Minimum shear reinforcement as per ACI can be found in following
table.

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Summary of ACI Shear Design Procedure for Beams
1- Draw the shearing force diagram and establish the critical section for
shear Vu.
2 Calculate the nominal capacity of concrete in shear Vc.
Vc  0.17𝜆 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 ≯ 0.42𝜆 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
3 Calculate the force required to be resisted by shear reinforcement
𝑉𝑢 − 𝜙𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑠 =
𝜙
4- Check the code limit on V s
𝑉𝑢 −𝜙𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑠 =  0.66 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
𝜙
If this condition is not satisfied, the concrete dimensions should be
increased. 15
 Summary of ACI Shear Design Procedure for Beams
5- Classify the factored shearing forces acting on the beam according
to the following
* For 0 ≤ 𝑉𝑢 ≤ 0.083𝜙 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 , no shear reinforcement is required.

* For 0.083𝜙 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 < 𝑉𝑢 ≤ ∅𝑉𝑐 , minimum shear reinforcement is required.

0.062 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑠 0.35𝑏𝑤 𝑠

𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ;
𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑓𝑦𝑡

*For Vu ≥ ∅Vc , shear reinforcement is required (in addition, check min shear)
Avf ytd
For vertical s
stirrups Vs
6- Maximum spacing smax must be checked
If V s  0.33 f c bw d  s max  min  ;600mm 
d
2 

If V s  0.33 f c bw d  smax  min  ;300mm 

d 16

4 
 Example

Design the shear the reinforcement for a beam that is 500 mm deep and
350 mm width if the shear force (Vu) is 178.83 KN. (Assume d equal to
442 mm)

1- Calculate the shear capacity of concrete:

𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.17 30 × 350 × 442 = 144.05 × 103 = 144.05 𝑘𝑁
𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 × 144.05 = 108.04 𝑘𝑁
0.083𝜙 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.083 × 0.75 × 30 × 350 × 442 = 52.74 𝑘𝑁

Vu = 178.83 kN
𝜙𝑉𝑐 < 𝑉𝑢 𝑆𝑜 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑

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2. Calculate the force required to be resisted by
shear reinforcement Vs.
𝑉𝑢 − 𝜙𝑉𝑐 178.83 − 108.04
𝑉𝑠 = = = 94.39 𝑘𝑁
𝜙 0.75
3. Check the code limit on Vs
0.66 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.66 30 × 350 × 442
= 559.24 × 103 = 559.24 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝑠 𝑂𝑘
4. Shear Reinforcement Design
𝜙𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑
𝑠=
𝑉𝑢 − 𝜙𝑉𝑐
Let us use 2 legged 8 mm dia bars
0.75×2×50.27×420×442
𝑠= = 197.74 mm Round
178.83−108.04 ×103
down to nearest 1 cm (10 mm) 18

𝑠 = 190 𝑚𝑚
5. Maximum spacing

0.33 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.33 30 × 350 × 442 = 279.62 𝑘𝑁 ≥ 𝑉𝑠

𝑑 442
a) 2
=
2
= 221𝑚𝑚

b) 600
𝐿𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏) 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 221𝑚𝑚
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎 8 𝑚𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠 @ 190 𝑚𝑚 𝑐/𝑐
𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 2 × 50.27 = 100.54 𝑚𝑚

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 Tutorial
A simply supported rectangular beam 400 mm wide having an effective depth of
550 mm carries a total factored load of 137 KN/m on 6 m clear span. Design the
shear reinforcement. (fc’ = 28 Mpa and fy =420 Mpa)

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 Estimation of applied moments Vu
Approximate Structural Analysis ACI 318-19 (6.5)

ACI 318-19 Code permits the use of the following approximate shear for the design of
continuous beams, provided that:
(a) Members are prismatic (similar section dimensions)
(b) Loads are uniformly distributed
(c) LL ≤ 3DL (Unfactored live load does not exceed three times the unfactored dead
load)
(d) There are at least two spans
(e) The longer of two adjacent spans does not exceed the shorter by more than 20 percent
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More than two span

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Two Span

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