DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE

Diagnostic Modalities Mid exam for 3rd year regular BSc Anesthesia students
Time allowed 1:00 hr.
Weight: 40%
Name ________________________ ID Number_______________Signature ____

INSTRUCTIONS
 Make sure that the exam sheet contains 7pages including the cover page.
 Make sure that the exam sheet contains 32 multiple choice and 4short
answers.
 Write ID number each page.
 Write answers only on the answer sheet
 Switch off your mobile.
 Cheating strictly forbidden, no excuse.

February, 2022
Debre Markos, Ethiopia

Part I. Multiple choice questions(1 point for each)

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1. Which one of the following is not the role of hematology laboratory in clinical medicine?
A. Confirming hematological disorders
B. Rule out diagnosis
C. Detect un suspected disorders
D. None
2. A 30 years old man presents to emergency department after traumatic amputation of his
left hand. A public health officer sends a laboratory request of complete blood count
(CBC) to the laboratory. The laboratory technologist receives the request and he needs
venous blood collection before the tests. What is the appropriate site of blood collection
from the patent?
A. Left hand median vein
B. Right hand median vein
C. Right hand basalic vein
D. Left hand cephalic vein
3. A 35 years old woman is seen with the pain in clinic with a one years of history of pain in
the bladder. She experienced initiation of micturition, itching on vaginal area. A physician
sends laboratory requests of differential count to the laboratory. The laboratory
technologist receives request and displays the results as follows :( neutrophils 70% (40—
60%), eosinophils 6% (5-10%, basophils 0.5% (<1%), monocytes 6% (4-8%),
lymphocytes 17.5% (15-25%). What the physician conclude from those results?
A. A woman has viral infection
B. A woman has bacterial infection
C. A woman has leukemia
D. A woman needs blood transfusion
4. If the hematocrit of an individual is 45%, the red blood cell is 4 billion per milliliter and
the hemoglobin concentration is 12 g/dl, what is the MCH?
A. 30 pg B. 27 pg C. 35 pg D. 21 pg
5. A 21 years old male patient come to health centers with clinical presentations of sneezing,
itching, watery eyes, shortness of breath and red rash. A public health officer sees the
history and sends a complete blood count to laboratory. As you are a public health officer,
what do you expect from the laboratory results?

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 A. Eosinophilia B. Neutrophillia C. Eosinopenia D. Lymphocytosis
6. What is the best site for capillary blood collection in infants less than three months?
A. Heal B. Big toe C. Ear lobe D. Ring finger
7. Which of the following Complete Blood Count (CBC) parameters is obtained by direct
reading except?
A. WBC count B. RBC count C. MCH D. Hgb
8. Which one of the following red cell induces indicates size variations (Anisocytosis) and
shape variation (Poikilocytosis) in anemic patents?
A. MCV B. MCH C. MCHC D. RDW
9. A physician sent laboratory request for 30 years old man with acute febrile illness. A
laboratory technologist received the request paper and checked for required tests after that
the technologist collected capillary skin puncture for hematological investigations. What is
the most appropriate hematologic test is done using the sample?
A. CBC B. PT C. Blood film D. ESR
10. Parents with four children came to diagnostic laboratory to know their children blood
type. The laboratory technologist took blood from children and performed test according
to laboratory standard operations procedures (SOP). The laboratory result indicated that
the blood groups of children were A, B, AB, and O. What are the most likely blood groups
of parents?
A. A and O B. A and B C. AB and O D. B and O
11. A 50 years old woman, who is living in low land area, came to hospital that you work for
treatment of headache, dizziness. A physical examination result showed splenomegaly and
moderate hypotension. As a result you ordered CBC to the laboratory and the laboratory
result indicated that WBC count 14*109cell/L(4-11*109cell/L), RBC count
10*1012cell/L(4-6*1012cell/L), platelet count 480*109cell/L(150-400*109cell/L), Hgb
20g/dl and hematocrit 60% respectively. What do you diagnosed from above cases, as you
are a public health officer?
A. Essential thrombocythemia B. Acute leukemia C. Polycythemia Vera D.
Polycythemia
12. An immediate transfusion was mandatory for woman who developed anemia because of
bleeding from delivery. As a result, a laboratory technologist screening for any transfusion

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 transmittable infections (TTIs) and the time of the test he observed one red line in the first
test of HIV (Stat pack) on the control region. What was the interpretation of the result?
A. Invalid B. Reactive C. Non-reactive D. In conclusive
13. Which one of the following is not true about the role of hemoglobin determinations?
A. Screening of Anemia
B. Classification of anemia
C. Determination of severity of anemia
D. None
14. Which of the following factors retard erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), except?
A. Albumin B. Angel of inclination C. Vibration D. None
15. Which one of the following factors falsely elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
due to inhibition of zeta potential of red blood cell (RBC)?
A. Fibrinogen B. Temperature C. Vibration D. Albumin
16. A 30 years old pregnant woman in the first trimester comes to the antenatal care unit in
order to start her regular follow up. The physician sends a laboratory request for RH blood
groups. The laboratory technologist starts doing the investigations after he takes blood
sample from pregnant woman. What is the appropriate method of the RH blood typing the
laboratory technologist has to use?
A. Reverse grouping B. Forward grouping C. Serum grouping D. A and C
17. Which of the following structures of blood cell is acidophilic, stained by acidic dyes,
eosins?
A. Nucleus B. Cytoplasm C. Nucleic acid D. None
18. Which one of the following method/s of antigen antibody interaction is /are most
commonly used to detect presence of antigen antibody interaction in vitro?
A. Hemolysis B. Agglutination C. precipitation D. All
19. A public health officer sends a request for a 50 years old severely anemic patent prior to
blood transfusion. The laboratory technologist receives the request and assembles all
necessary materials and reagents to detect presence of antibodies in the recipient serum
that can destroy the donor’s red cells. What is the appropriate method of cross match
should the laboratory technologist use?

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 A. Minor cross match B. Major cross match C. Saline cross match D.
Anti-globulin cross match
20. Which of the following is true about RH antibodies except?
A. They are IgG B. They can fix complement C. They are warm agglutinin
D. None
21. A 40 years old patient come to hospital with an acute febrile illness was examined by
public health officer and was send to serology unit for laboratory examination of weil fleix
test. The laboratory technologist collected blood sample from the patient and perform the
test as per principle and the test is reactive. What is the principle of the test behind this
reaction?
A. Cross reactivity of rickettsia antigen with anti-rickettsia antibody
B. Cross reactivity of rickettsia antigen with ant- proteus antibody
C. Cross reactivity of anti-rickettsia antibody with proteus antigen
D. Cross reactivity of anti-rickettsia antibody with any bacterial antigen
22. Which one of the following anticoagulants commonly used for complete blood count
(CBC) determinations and red cell morphology study?
A. Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid(EDTA) B. Sodium citrate C. Heparin
D. Sodium fluoride
23. A 35 years old woman came to primary hospital, who developed severely anemia and
clinically presents with weakness, fatigue, pale skin and chest pain. A public health officer
sent a request of CBC and blood group to laboratory .The laboratory technologist received
the request and did the tests , the results were the following: Hgb 6g/dl(12-16g/dl),RBC
1/1012cell/ L(4-6*1012cell/L, hematocrit 27%(36-46%) and her blood group was B +. As a
result, she needed blood transfusion, but there were not B+ blood in the laboratory blood
bank. What was the appropriate action done for her by the public health officer?
A. Transfusing A+ whole blood
B. Transfusing O- concentrated red cell(CRC)
C. Transfusing O- plasma
D. None
24. Which of the following is/ are true about the purpose of cross match except?
A. Prevents severe transfusion reaction

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 B. Maximize in vivo survival of transfused red blood cell
C. Prevent immunization of patients
D. None
25. Which one of the following laboratory glass ware used to hold solution for 24 hours in the
laboratory?
A. Beaker B. cylinders C. Pipettes D. Flasks
26. Which of the following solution is/ are commonly used in the laboratory for cleaning of
microscope objective lenses?
A. Ethylene ether alcohol 80/20 B. Tissue paper C . Ethylene ether alcohol 20/80 D .
Ethanol alcohol 70%
27. Which of the following immunological techniques is / are secondary binding tests?
A. ELISA B. RIA C. Florescence tests D. CFT
28. A 25 years old man came to health center with an acute febrile illness was examined by
public health officer. The public health officer sent the patient to laboratory for
examination of Widal test. The laboratory technologist collected blood sample and
performed a test as per principle. The result was reactive to O antigen. What concluded the
public health officer from the result?
A. A patient has earlier typhoid fever
B. A patient has recent typhoid fever
C. A patient has typhus
D. All
29. Which of the following methods of HIV detection is/ are confirmatory tests of HIV
/AIDS?
A. ELISA B. Western blot C. HIV antibody test D. RIA
30. A 27 years old man came to private clinic for VCT. A public health officer sent request of
VCT to the laboratory, the laboratory technologist received a request, and did HIV test
based on SOPs. The tests were the following; Stat pack-reactive, Abbon –reactive, and
SD-Bioline non-reactive. What did the laboratory technologist concluded from those
results?
A. A patient was positive
B. A patient was negative

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 C. The result was inconclusive
D. None
31. What is the useful magnification range of 100x objective of microscope? (hint NA of
100x is 1.25).
A. 125-250 B.325-650 C. 625-1250 D. 1250-2500

Part II. Short answer Questions

1. A 51 years old patient came to private clinic that developed anemia and clinically present
with weakness, fatigue, pale skin, and chest pain. A physician sent request of CBC to the
laboratory. The laboratory technologist performed CBC and the results were :WBC
8*103/ml(6-11*103), RBC 3*1012/ L(4-6*1012/L), Hgb 9 g/dl(13-18 g/dl)and hematocrit
30%(40-54%). The normal range of red cell induces are; MCV (80-100fl), MCH (27-31)
and MCHC (32-36g/dl). Calculate the following red cell induces.
A. MCV(1)
B. MCH(1)
C. MCHC(1)
2. A laboratory technologist in the referal hospiatl diagnosed 400 patients for syphilis
within a month with. Among them 220were positive and 180 were negative by VDRL
test. By another confirmatory test, TPHAT 200 were positive and 160 were negative.
Calculate.
A. Sensitivity and specificity(1)
B. Positive and negative predictive value(1)
C. Efficiency and yield (1)
D. Prevalance(1)

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Answer sheet

Name___________________________ ID number_____________ Signature______________

Part I: Multiple Choice Questions

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Part II: Short answers

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