Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

Module 01: Core Skills

Dr. Ahmed Nagib Elmekawy

 Overview

In this lecture we will learn:

參 Meshing Fundamentals
• ANSYS Meshing interface
• Geometry concepts
• Meshing methods
• Diagnostics & Usability
• Display Option
• Mesh Statistics & Mesh Metrics

ANSYS
2
 Preprocessing Workflow

Preprocessing
Meshing
and Solution

Geometry
Import / Geometry
Creation Cleanup /
Modifications

ANSYS
3
Mesh Process & Course Plan

Global
Controls
Module 3

Meshing Core Local

Methods Skills Controls
Module 2 Module 1 Module4

Mesh
Quality
Module 5 ANSYS
 What is ANSYS Meshing

ANSYS Meshing is a component of ANSYS Workbench

• Meshing platform
• Combines and builds on strengths of preprocessing offerings from ANSYS:
-ICEM CFD, TGRID (Fluent Meshing), CFX-Mesh, Gambit

Able to adapt and create Meshes for different Physics and Solvers
• CFD: Fluent, CFX and POLYFLOW
• Mechanical: Explicit dynamics, Implicit
• Electromagnetic
Integrates directly with other WB systems

ANSYS
5
 Meshing Fundamentals

Purpose of the Mesh

Equations are solved at cell/nodal locations
-Domain is required to be divided into
discrete ceHs (meshed)

Mesh Requirements
Efficiency & Accuracy
—Refine (smaller cdls》for high solution gradients and fine geometric detail.
一 Coarse mesh (larger cdls) elsewhere.
• Quality
-Solution accuracy & stability deteriorates as mesh cells deviate from ideal
shape

ANSYS
6
 Launching ANSYS Meshing

ANSYS Meshing is launched within Workbench

一 2 ways:

From Analysis Systems From Component Systems

Fluid Flow (Fluent), Static Structural,... Mesh
)
曰 Analysis Systems

的 Design Assessment
Eigenvalue Buckling A

的！ Eigenvalue Buckling (Samcef) 1 家 Fluid Flow (Fluent)

囲 Electric 2 ⑭ Geometry 卞 a

(Jj Explicit Dynamics 參 Mesh T J

3
均 Fluid Flow-Blow Molding (Polyflow) ■St Setup T J
暮 너선혼뇨磁^은达러실내J攻边

관
Fluid Flow (Fluent) 5 Solution f j
Double click
6 Results f j
的 Harmonic Response
Fluid Flow (Fluent) Mesh in the
a IC Engine (Fluent)

昭 i
Magnetostatic
Modal
System
曲 Modal (ABAQUS)
Modal (Samcef)
Random Vibration
Response Spectrum

M Riaid Dynamics or right click and

容 Static Structural
^trucLurdi

© Static Structural (Samcef)

select Edit
o Steady-State Thermal

o Steady-State Th erm al(ABAQUS)

a
o Steady-State Thermal (Samcef)
Th erm a I-Electric
Static Structural

ANSYS
10
 Graphical User Interface
File Edit View Units Tools Help ■-►: ■/ Generate Mesh 대(睡 因 _ 1효? Worksheet |나 뗏2 固 ▼固面 腹 固 S; 수창 風 或 國 다 0、眾 i” 国 s、＞![]▼
〆 Show Vertices 楼 Wireframe 木 H Random Colors Annotation Preferences | 1—♦ ♦: j 析 0 Reset Explode Factor

Toolbars II Edge Coloring ▼ 하 IHI l**l Thicken Annotations

Mesh ■/ Update 物 Mesh ▼ 氣 Mesh Control ▼ 吻 Mesh Edit ▼ "山 시 : ] 네介i | 匝나…:七 e | 짠'
Outline —
________________________ 뜨 一Worksheet
례ter: j Name 二| 으] <」듀 ,+ ®」 ~거
■ Project Mesh
白Model (B3)
S ▼'物 Gee sometry
由.…'人1 Coordinate
- Systems Generate Mesh
申. '嫩 Connections
曰 '念 Mesh
'氣 Edge Sizing
Clear Generated Mesh Graphics window
'城 Edge Sizing 2 V I Step I
白象 Named Selections 쪄
'物 Meshing-1 Meshing-l
엔
■/赞1 Meshing-2 0 Meshing-2
'趣 Meshing-3
0 Meshing-3
'咏 Meshing-4 Meshing-4

우
-
Named Selection

- Worksheet

Graphics Worksheet

I Association |Timestamp

Manage views Message window Mesh Metrics

3 Qi X >

DetailsPlanes
Section view

ANSYS
8
 Outline

Three default sections

• Geometry 匚〉
-Bodies
• Coordinate Systems 匚〉
- Default global & user defined systems
• Mesh 匚〉
-Meshing operations (controls & methods)
■ displayed in the order in which they are inserted
In the tree
• Right clicking on any object
—launches a context sensitive menu
一 Example: contains commands to generate, preview, clear mesh etc.

ANSYS
9
 Details View
Outline

Filter: Narme ▼ 囡 신 굽
白 _ Model (A4) 신
13 Geometry
卜 Virtual Topology

Accessing Object Details

由.…'木 Coordinate Systems
••‘…Connections
白 Mesh
•••"•，偷 Sweeo Method tChamber01

• Select an object (in the Outline) | ᅲ瑜】醐

MultiZone (uutplenum^^
1
Face Sizing (valve-proximity-faces)
••••••Body Sizing (Chamber)
一 Related information to that object are displayed in the Details View below Face Sizing (int-ch-port)
Face Sizing (Outplenum-cyl)
...'為 Inflation (all-faces)

一 Ex: Select a body ("Fluid") in the Outline | |••…Pinch

Pinch 2
| |.....；肩J Pinch 3

• Details of "Fluid" : contains graphical and geometric details |

ᄊ物Pinch 4
•….'■物 Pinch 5
ᄊ遜! Pinch 6

-To access meshing details 1 1• *屬，Pinch 7

ᄊ物Pinch 8
▼1
—駟
• Click the Mesh object or any of the inserted objects - Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Body

- Definition
Suppressed No
Method Sweep

The Details View provides options to Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting
5rc/Trg Selection Automatic
Source Program Controlled

-review, Target
Free Face Mesh Type
Program Controlled
All Quad

-edit, or values for every object in the Tree

Type
□ Sweep Num Divs
Number of Divisions
22
Sweep Bias Type

-input Sweep Bias

Element Option Solid

ANSYS
10
 Geometry Configuration - Multi이e Parts
Geometry composed of Multiple parts
- No connection between parts (no face sharing)
Grid interface
-Fluent
'Contact Region'
Each part Results in Non-conformal interface.
is automatically
meshed Meshes do not match. GGI-CFX
created between
independently No nodes connection.
2 faces Contact -
Mechanical

ANSYS
ii
 Hexa vs. Tetra

Hexa
Hexa: Concentration in one direction
一 Angles unchanged
Tetra: Concentration in one direction
1^3 1^5 I당1
一 Angles change Tetra
Prism: Concentration in one direction
一 Angles unchanged
A Prism
노

X7 \ Tetra ( in volume!

穴
4
ANSYS
12
 Geometry Configuration - Multi-bodvParts
• Geometry composed of multiple bodies in a part
-Depend on 'Shared Topology method' (in DM) Outline 무
Project
白.....|g| Model
None 自….:商
白 ....
- Results in a no connection between the bodies (similarto
multiple parts)
Cobramate bystems
• Automatic Connections

Faces in contact imprinted & fused to

0
Results in Common face acts
Note: The CFX users will
still get duplicate nodes
at interface in CFX, which
is fine for its solver

form a single face shared between 2 bodies Conformal mesh as Interior7

ANSYS
13
 Geometry Configuration - Multiple - bodv Parts

Geometry composed of multiple bodies in a part

• Imprints
■■■ 무

曰 Details of Part
Part Part
Volume 24635m3
Surface Area 58013 m3
t厂
Bodies
Faces 13
Edges
Vertices
Fluid/5olid
Shared Topology Method | Imprints ▼
| Automatic
ᅵ Im 口 hits 1
|Mone 1

Grid interface
Faces are imprinted Contact Region For identical mesh on these non -Fluent
on each other + is automatically faces, use 'Match Control' conformal
'like' faces created Results in unconnected mesh interface GGI-CFX

ANSYS
14
 Meshing - 3D Geometry (1)
LI I 가상湖烟^
娥■鍾

• •. ■■
.'나 .'.••■，•바

Tetrahedral Pyramidal

3D cell Types
First Meshing Approach Prismatic (Wedge) Hexahedral

Part/Body Methods
Part/Body based • Tetrahedrons.
-Tetras only
• Meshing occurs at part or
• Sweep.
body level.
- Prisms & hexahedrons
• Meshing Methods are scoped
to individual bodies.
• MultiZone.
-Mainly hexahedron
• Method assignment can be
• Hex Dominant
automatic or manual.
-Not forCFD
• Bodies contained in one part
• Automatic.
are conformally meshed.
- Sweep + PC Tet (Depends
on bodies) or PC let

ANSYS
15
Meshing - 3D Geometry (2)

• Second Meshing Approach (mainly for CFD users)

Cut Cell Meshing

Assembly Meshing
Methods
• Generate mainly
-Hexahedrons
-Tetrahedrons

Part/Body Meshing 50.00

& Assembly Meshing

not interoperable
ANSYS

16
 Diagnostics: Mesh display By Body Connection (New in R17.0)
Turning
wireframe
mode on

♦三
| DgShow Mesh ▲ M Random Colors '

\ []Edge Coloring

Graph II By Body Color

ITI By Connection
Mesh
11/20/2 I] By Body Connection

□ Black

Turning on Mesh display by body

connection.

JL
2.25❶
ANSYS
19
 Named Selections (1)
Named Selections are groups of geometric or finite element entities:
• Named selections can be created either by selecting the desired items and clicking the “Named
Selection" icon in the context toolbar or RMB > Named Selection OR using the named selection
worksheet (shown later).

⑩，IV 固 혁
應、▼ ® 囲固|
I Select Geometry Single Select Extend to Adjacent
Extend to Limits
賴I Select Mesh 나는 Box Select
Extend to Connection
-墜 Bo> dccc
Extend to Instances
:따 Lasso Select
일윳: Lassoyplurne q 1 d广广,^*卜
•기二 人.

RMB
Named Selectior Named Selection

• Named selections must be composed of 〃Hke〃 entities (all surfaces or all edges, all nodes, etc.).

ANSYS
18
 Named Selections (2)
A new criteria selection can be based on an initial selection:
• Make an initial selection followed by a RMB > "Create Named Selection''.
• Note, initial selection must be a single entity.
Selection Name 쐬
Insert
Go To Selection
Q Hide Body
Q Hide All Other Bodies Apply selected geometry
Apply geometry items of same:
隨］Suppress Body
Size
喔］Suppress All Other Bodies Selection here will
厂 Type
Q Hide Face(s) create the first row of
J Isometric View
厂 Location X
the worksheet.
^ 厂 Location Y
Set
x
Restore Default 厂 Location Z
(?•• Zoom To Fit
Cursor Mode pply To Corresponding Mesh Nodes

View
口 했 Look At Cancel

RMB> Convert to nodal named selection immediately.

ANSYS
19
 Named Selections (3)
In many detail window fields Named Selections can be referenced directly:
一 In the Details view, change ’’Scoping Method'' from "Geometry Selection7' to "Named
Selection"
—Select the “Named Selection" from the pull-down menu

Details of "Pressure" 무 Details of "Pressure" 早

一Scope Scope
Scoping Method I Geometry Setocfcton | Scoping Method Named Selection
Geometry Geometry flection.....
日 I Definition
Named Selection Definition 1 Face........................................
Define By blends
Define By bottom face
Type Pressure [Type
Magnitude 0. Pa (ramped) Magnitude 0. Pa (ramped)
Suppressed No Suppressed No

-A named selection toolbar provides quick access to basic controls “View > Toolbars > Named
Selections7':
죤후 1 Face ▼ Selection ▼ Visibility ▼ (§] Suppression ▼

Select Items in Group

미 /s 2 ▼ 가与 Add to Current Selection
z® Remove from Current Selection ■
ANSYS
20
 Usability: Option to save mesh out to separate file (New in R17.0)
Options

• When "Save Mesh Data in

Separate File" is on the mesh is
saved as a separate file (*.acmo). /\ Combustor.Model - Workbench

fife Edit View Tools Units Extensions Help

• Duplication, Resume, Replace, and ■画區]tB

y dJ Import... i ‘
Project
Reconnect Refresh Project > Update Project
Toolbox ▼우 x Project Schematic

Save will handle the separate 曰 Analysis Systems

Design Assessment
Eigenvalue Buckling
］스
A
_Geometry Mesh

database and acmo files.

Eigenvalue Buckling (Samcef)
Electric 2 Geometry 、，/ 2 蜒 Geomel
Explicit Dynamics 3 E^ Mesh'
Geometry
Fluid Flow (CFX)
Mesh

• Clear generated data will not Fluid Flow (Fluent)

Harmonic Response
IC Engine
Magnetostatic
Notes
Used Licenses
Last Update Used Licenses

remove the acmo file. Reset will

Modal 9 o System Information
Modal (ABAQUS) 10 Physics Any
Modal (Samcef)
11 Analysis Any
Random Vibration
12 Solver Any

remove the acmo file. Response Spectrum

Rigid Dynamics
Static Structural
Static Structural (ABAQUS)
Save Mesh Data In Separate Fie 图

• Design Points (also w/RSM) Static Structural (Samcef)

Steady-State Thermal
Steady-State Thermal (ABAQUS)
Steady-State Thermal (Samcef)

support the separate database and Thermo-Electric

Throughflow
Throughflow (BladeGen)
Transient Structural

acmo files. Transient Structural (ABAQUS)

Transient Structural (Samcef)
Transient Thermal
Transient Thermal (ABAQUS)
Transient Thermal (Samcef)
Turbomachinery Fluid Flow
I 曰 Component Systems
This functionality is particularly helpful on Linux 麵 BladeGen
방 CFX
Fnninpprinn PatA

to keep file sizes smaller. [x View All / Customize...

21
 Usability: Better Meshing Status in R17.0
• Progress is reported as parts are meshed in paraHel
• As a part is meshed the topology (edges, faces, bodies) are highlighted to show what is
being worked on
This can be turned off by unchecking “Highlight"
If user stops meshing, entity will stay highlighted, allowing user to find problematic geometry easier
■/ Generate Mesh

ANSYS Workbench Mesh Status]

A
Ifuser stops meshing, parts that have been
Meshing Completed on... 24/358 Parts

0 Highlight
meshed are done. Restarting meshing resumes
Part: Part 20
Status: Meshing faces (9/388)
only with unmeshed parts
Part: Part 127
Status: Meshing volumes...

Part: Part 128

Status: Meshing edges (4/4)

200.00 400.00 (m)

ANSYS
22
 Usability: Folders for Meshing Controls in R17.0

• Mesh controls can now be grouped for easier

Q Group All Similar Children 白.....-： ： ^ Mesh
organization
Start Recording 由 J〕Mesh Methods
由'Q Face Meshing
由'Q Edge Sizing
• Opti아!: Group All Similar Children, will group all
il vO Match Control
objects based on type
日物Mesh
®，二jG
® wO Face
® 乂］ 대供 伽 뱐 Rename (F2)
Suppress
• Options to suppress, rename, nest groups,
® 人」Match Cor
由 咏 Named Setectic Group (Ctri+ G) ungroup, delete objects in group
___________________
Q Ingroup (Shifts Ctrl+ G)
O Delete Group and Children

S-vO FLUID_Contrals
• Drag and drop capabilities to modify the grouping
…v<■聯 Patch Conforming Method
…'幾.Etody Sizing
自…'為 Inflation
白 J二］Etolts_Controls
'흑 Body Sizing 2
自……'吻 MultiZone
ANSYS
23
 Display Option: Color by quaHty
Displays mesh color by quality metrics
Options to probe quality or show min/max
Contour band can be adjusted

=厂
Mesh
Element Qualit
7/17/2014 11:2 Probe Element Find Min or Display mesh
0.78081
Values Max value
■[Autc
0.56 Edit
0.45 V Automatic Value
0.34
0.23 Named Legends
0.12
0-0: Vertical
Horizontal

V Date and Time

V Max, Min on Color Bar
Logarithmic Scale
Enhanced Linear (Beta)
All Scientific Notation
Digits

Independent Bands
Color Scheme
Semi transparency

Adjust to Visible
Reset All

ANSYS
29
 Section Planes (1)
Displays internal elements of the mesh 변 Section Planes
• Elements on either side of plane can be displayed
• Toggle between cut or whole elements display 0 Section Plane 1

• Elements on the plane

Edit Section Plane button [^] can be used to drag section plane to new location
• Clicking on "Edit Section Plane” button will make section plane's anchor to appear

Multiple section planes are aHowed

A For large meshes，it is advisable to switch to

geometry mode (click on geometry in the Tree
Outline), create the section plane and then go
back to mesh model

ANSYS
39
 Section Planes (2)
Section Planes
• Shaded section planes (New in R17.0)
- Shaded or hollow section plane
t■ 며 X 泰
0 Section Plane 1
■r 1
— Plot by body color or same color for section plane

ANSYS
26
 Mesh Statistics & Mesh Metrics
• Displays mesh information for Nodes and Elements
• List of quality criteria for the Mesh Metric
- Different physics and different solvers have different requirements for mesh quality

Mesh metrics available in Workbench Meshing include:

—Element Quality
—Aspect Ratio Statistics
Nodes 219
—Jacobean Ration Nodes 17973
Elements 88 Elements 91020
—Warping Factor Mesh Metric Orthogonal Quality ▼ Mesh Metric Orthogonal Quality
Jacobian Ratio Min 0.232336378900267
—Parallel Deviation Min
War ping Factor
A
Max 0.993658044699929
■ ■ IdA
— Maximum Corner Angle Average
Parallel Deviation
Maximum Corner Angle
Average 0.850623612123101
Stsndsrd Deviation 8.69790479924024E-02
—Skewness Standard Deviation Skewness
l Orthoqoridl Quality
=
V

— Orthog아1al Quality
For Multi-Body Parts, go to corresponding body in Tree Outline
to get its separate mesh statistics perpart/body

ANSYS
27
 Mesh Metric Graph
Controls
I » ■ Tet4 —♦ Wed6

Displays Mesh Metrics graph for the element

quality distribution
Different element types are plotted with
different color bars
Can be accessed through menu bar using
Metric Graph button Element Metrics

■■illMetric Graph
Axis range can be adjusted using controls
button (details next slide)

Click on bars to view corresponding elements

in the graphics window
-Use to help locate poor quality elements
ANSYS
28
 Mesh Metric Graph Controls
Elements on Y-Axis can be plotted with two
methods;
-Number of Elements
Controls
-Percentage of Volume/Area
Options to change the range on either axis Y-Axis Option: | Number of Elements 二|
Specify which element types to include in graph Number of Bars:flO Update Y-Axis

—Tet4 = 4 Node Linear Tetrahedron Range

Min Max
—Hex8 = 8 Node Linear Hexahedron
X-Axis |0.219517 (0.999736 Reset |
一 Wed6 = 6 Node Linear Wedge (Prism)
Y-Axis [6 ᅵ60385 Reset |
—Pyr5 = 5 Node Linear Pyramid
-Quad4 = 4 Node Linear Quadrilateral 「TetlO「Tet4 「QUad8 厂 Quad4
「Hex20「Hex8 rjri6 「Tri3
-Tri3 = 3 Node Linear Triangle rwedl5 l7Wed6 .
「Pyrl3 「Pyr5 Select All |
• TelO, Hex20, Wedl5, Pyrl3, Quad8 & Tri6 non-linear
elements

A For more information about the different mesh metrics please consult module 05: Mesh Quality ANSYS
29
 Summary
What have we learnt in this session:
• The global process to run ANSYS Meshing
• On overview of the interface and
• The various Geometry configurations
一 Multiple parts
-Multi-body parts And the associated
-Multiple body parts shared topology option

• Meshing methods
-Part/body based
- Assembly meshing
• Section Planes
• Diagnostics & Usability
• Mesh Statistics & Mesh Metrics
• Display option ANSYS
30
Workshop 1.1 CFD — ANSYS WB Meshing Basics

ANSYS
31
 Workshop 1.1 FEA - ANSYS WB Meshing Basics

ANSYS
32
Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

Module 2: Meshing Methods

 Meshing Methods

What you will learn from this presentation

• Meshing Methods for Part/Body Meshing

—Assembly Meshing covered separately
• Methods & Algorithms for;
-Tetrahedral Meshing
-Hex Meshing
一 2D Meshing

• Meshing Multiple Bodies

-Selective Meshing
-Recording Meshing Order
ANSYS
34
 Preprocessing Workflow

Meshing Solver

Global Mesh
=〉 Settings

Local Mesh
Settings
Sizing,
Body/Sphere of
Influence, Match
Control, etc
ANSYS
35
 Methods

Why Multiple Methods? High aspect ratio cells Cells refined around
(Inflation) near wall to small geometric
・ Choice can depend on;
capture boundary layer details and complex
—Physics gradients / flow
一 Geometry
—Resources
• Mesh could require just one or a
combination of methods.
• Example - Typical mesh design
based on geometric, physicsand
resource considerations.

Hex (3d) or Quad

(2d) cells used to
mesh simple fet (3d) or Tri (2d) cells used here to mesh
complex region
regions ANSYS
36
 Inserting Methods

• In the Outline, right click Mesh, Insert > Method

—Select body in Details View
• Or, in the Graphics Window, Select body(s), right
click, Insert > Method
一 Body automatically selected in Details View
Details of "Automatic Method" - Method 무 ANSYS
- Scope

s：
Scoping Method Geometry Selection Out ine 무
p
Geometry 1 Body ro &ct 1 Insert ►
'Method 뉴__二二
- Definition l^. Model (B3} Go To ►
取.Sizing
■/ Generate Mesh On Selected Bodies X‘ Contact Sizing
Suppressed No Geometry ■/ Preview Surface Mesh On Selected Bodies
為 Inflation
Automatic [±]-- Coordinate Systems y] Clear Generated Data On Selected Bodies

Element Midside Nodes Automatic

B- 應]Mesh Parts

Tetrahedrons Sweep Method I

Hide Body

Hex Dominant Q®| Suppress Body

• kometric View

■■鑿通鑿匯 끊 Set
=Restore Default

성I Zoom To Fit
Method is selectable using the drop down box Curs
View
아 Mode

Look At

一 Select, Automatic, Tetrahedrons, Hex Dominant, Create Coordinate System

i측 Create Named Selection
I珍 Select All
Sweep or Multizone
人
Z* 게 X
ANSYS
37
 Tetrahedrons Method

Method Behavior
• Generates tetrahedral elements - two algorithms are
available:
• Patch Conforming
・ Patch Independent

ANSYS
38
 Tetrahedrons Method: Patch Conforming

Method & Algorithm Behavior

• Bottom up approach: Meshing process starts
from edges, faces and then volume
• All faces and their boundaries are respected
(conformed to) and meshed Details o-f "Patch Conforming Method" - Method 무
• Good for high quality (clean) CAD geometries - Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
— CAD cleanup required for dirty geometry Geometry 1 Body
• Sizing is defined by global and/or local controls - Definition
Suppressed No
• Compatible with inflation Method Tetrahedrons
Algorithm Patch Conforming
Element Midside Nodes
많묘뗬越^뉴誦
Access
・ Insert Method and set to Tetrahedrons
— Additional drop down box for algorithm choice
appears - Set to Patch Conforming
ANSYS
39
 Tetrahedrons Method: Patch Independent

Method & Algorithm Behavior

무
・ Top down approach: Volume mesh generated Details of "Patch Independent" - Method

- Scope
first and projected on to faces and edges Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Body
• Faces, edges and vertices not necessarily
- Definition
conformed to Suppressed No
Method Tetrahedrons
— Controlled by tolerance and scoping of Algorithm |Patch Independent
Named Selection, load or other object Element Midside- Nodes Use Global Setting
- Advanced
・ Good for gross de-featuring of poor quality Defined By Max Element Size
(dirty) CAD geometries Max Element Size DefauIt(3.e-002 m)
Feature Angle 30.0°
・ Method Details contain sizing controls Mesh Based Defeaturing Off
Curvature and Proximity Refinement Yes
• Compatible with inflation Min Size Limit Default
=Num Cells Across Gap Default
Access Curvature Normal Angle Default
Smooth Transition Off
• Insert Method and set to Tetrahedrons Growth Rate Default
Minimum Edge Length 031919 m
一 Additional drop down box for algorithm
Write ICEM CFD Files No
choice appears - Set Patch Independent ANSYS
40
Tetrahedrons Method: Algorithm
Comparison (Surface Mesh)
Patch Conforming:AII Patch Independent: Can
Geometry containing geometric detaH is ignore and defeature
small details captured geometry

ANSYS
 Tetrahedrons Method: Algorithm
Comparison (Volume Mesh)

Geometry containing Patch Conforming: Patch Independent: Default

small details Delaunay mesh - Octree Mesh - approximate
smooth growth rate growth rate

Smooth Transition option

creates Delaunay mesh ANSYS
42
 Tetrahedrons Method: Control

Patch Conforming
• Sizing Details of "Mesh" 무

田 Defaults
— Mesh sizing for the Patch Conforming algorithm 曰 Sizing
|llse Advanced Size Function On: Proximity and Curvature
is defined by Global & Local Controls Relevance Center Coarse
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
— Automatic refinement based on curvature Smoothing Medium
and/or proximity accessible in Global Controls Transition Slow
Span Angle Center Fine
• Details of Global & Local Controls covered in Curvature Normal Angle Default (18.0
Proximity Accuracy 0.5
separate lectures ]Num Cells Across Gap Default (3)
=| IMiin Size Default (13887e-002 m)
— Choice of surface mesher algorithm in global Proximity Min Size Default (13887e-002 ■]
Max Face Size Default (138870 m)
Max Size Default [2.77750 m)
Growth Rate Default (1.2。)
Minimum Edge Length 8.8745e-003 m
田 Inflation
田 Assembly Meshing
曰 Patch Conforming Options
TroingKe Surface Mesher Program Controlled ▼
[+ Advanced ■Program Controlled
Advanicmig Front k
田 Defeaturing
E Statistics ANSYS
43
 Tetrahedrons Method: Control

Patch Independent
• Sizing Details of "Patch Independent" - Method 무
Scope
-Sizing for the Patch Independent algorithm Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Body
defined in Patch Independent Details
曰 Definition
— Automatic curvature & proximity Suppressed No
Method Tetrahedrons
refinement option
Algorithm Patch Independent
Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting
B Advanced
Defined By Max Element Size
Max Element Size Defaults 175
그 Feature Angle 30.0*
Mesh Based Defeaturing On
Defeaturing Tolerance 3.e-002 m
Curvature and Proximity Refinement Yes
Min Size Limit 3.e-002 m
J Num Cells Across Gap 3
Curvature Normal Angle 18.0*
Smooth Transition Off
Growth Rate Default
Minimum Edge Length l.e-002 m
Write I（正M CFD Files Ng
■ ANSYS
44
 Tetrahedrons Method: Control

Patch Independent
• Defeaturing Control
—Set Mesh Based Defeaturing On
—Set Defeaturing Tolerance pr
o ect
a Model (B3)
:l 、/场 Geometry
51--
—Assign Named Selections to il .'木 Coordinate Systems

丄
'如 Mesh

tj
.
.
.'蜘
selectively preserve geometry □•• 物
Patch Independent
Named Selections

Advanced
Defined By Max Element Size
Max Element Size Default(0.175 m) Named Selection assigned
그 Feature Angle 30.0° and Defeaturing Tolerance
Mesh Based D&festuring On =0.03m. Features > 0.03m
Defeaturing Tolerance B.e-002 m
respected.
Curvature and Proximity Refinement Yes
Min Size- Limit B.e-002 m
=Num Cells Across Gap 3
Curvature Normal Angle 18.0*
Smooth Transition Off Defeaturing Tolerance Off
Growth Rate Default
Minimum Edge Length l.e-002 m
Ng
Write ICEM CFD Files
ANSYS
45
 Tetrahedrons Method: Application
Examples

Patch Conforming Patch Independent

• Clean CAD, accurate surface mesh • Dirty CAD, defeatured surface mesh

46
 Hex Meshing

ANSYS
47
 Introduction

let Mesh

Hex Meshing Elements: 48K

• Reduced element count

Statistics
—Reduced runtime Nodes 9296
Elements 48738
• Elements aligned in direction of flow Mesh Metric Skewness
Min 8.0759120277496E-05
-Reduced numerical error Max 0.809031191410968
Average 0.236026063753096
Methods Available Standard Deviation 0.123317626353581

• Sweep
Sweep Mesh
• Multi^ne
Elements: 19K
• Hex Dominant (not recommended for
CFD) Statistics
Nodes 21348
Initial Requirements Elements 19614
Mesh『■■■letric Skewness
• Clean geometry 『■■■ lin 1.79292772803879E-02
Max 0.606963936309246
• May require geometric decomposition Average 0.175918570374858

晒비 Standard Deviation 0.118321537967619

ANSYS
48
 Sweep Meshing

Method Behavior
• Meshes source surface, sweeps through to the
target
—Body must have topologically identical faces
on two ends, (which act as source and target
faces)
Details of "Sweep Method" - Method 무
• Generates hex/wedge elements
日 Scope
• Side faces must be mappable Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Body

• Only one source and one target face is aHowed 曰 Definition

Suppressed No

一 Alternative 'Thin' sweep algorithm can have |Method Sweep

Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting
multiple source and target faces Src/Trg Selection Automatic
Source Program Controlled
Access Target Program Controlled
Free Face Mesh Type Quad/Tri
• Insert Method and set to Sweep Type Number of Divisions
Sweep Num Divs Default
Sweep Bias Type No Bias
Element Option Salliidl
ANSYS
49
 Sweep Meshing

Details of "Sweep Method" - Method 무

Source/Target (Src/Trg Selection) - Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
• Automatic Geometry 1 Body
- Definition
一 Source & target faces identified automatically Suppressed No
Method Sweep
— Not compatible with inflation Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting
Src/Trg Sdectkm
• Manual Source & Manual Source and Target Airtoma世
Manual Source
— User selection (required for inflation) Target
Manual Source and Targi
Free Face Mesh Type Automatic Thin
Manual Thin
一 Compatible with inflation Type
Sweep Num Divs Default
• Aut아naticThin & Manuan_hin Sweep Bias Type No Bias
Element Option Salliidl
一 Multiple source and target faces
-Not compatible
with inflation

Sweep Direction Source Face Target Face ANSYS

50
Sweep Meshing
Details of "Sweep Method" - Method 무
- Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
rc/Trg Selection Behaviour Geometry 1 Body
- Definition
Automatic selection requires Suppressed No
Method Sweep
that the application find the Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting
다
Source and Target. Specifying Src/Trg Selection
Source
Automatic
Program Controlled

both Source & Target will Target Program Controlled

Free Face Mesh Type Quad/Tri
accelerate meshing Type Number of Divisions
Sweep Num Divs Default
Sweep Bias Type No Bias
Element Option Solid Sweep Mesh No inflation
Inflation
Details of "Sweep Method" - Method 무

- Scope
一 Must specify at least Source Scoping Method Geometry Selection

manually when using Geometry 1 Body

- Definition
Inflation & Sweep Method Suppressed No
Method Sweep

一 2D inflation defined on Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting

Src/Trg Selection Manual Source
source face from boundary Source 1 Face
Targe^^ Program Controlled
edges then swept through Free Face Mesh Type Quad/Tri

volume, source must Type Number of Divisions

Sweep Num Divs Default
therefore be specified first Sweep Bias Type No Bias
Element Option Solid
ANSYS
 Sweep Meshing

쏘，--- 、、Sweep
Path
Rotational Sweeping
• Sweep meshes can also be
created by sweeping a Source
around an axis
Details of "Sweep Method" - Method 무

• Example: Src/Trg Selection - Scope

Scoping Method Geometry Selection

Rotational sweep for sector Geometry

Definition
1 Body

geometry Suppressed
Method
No
Sweep
Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting
—Rotational sweeping requires Src/Trg Selection Manual Source and Target
Source 1 Face
both Source & Target to be Target 1 Face
Free Face Mesh Type 7Jua37Tr^"
selected Type Number of Divisions
Sweep Num Divs Default
Sweep Bias Type No Bias
Element Option Solid

For both rotational and axial

Manual Source &
sweeping Source & Target faces TargetSelection^
are color coded when selected

ANSYS
52
 Sweep Meshing

Src/Trg Selection: Automatic Thin

& Manual Thin
• Selects an alternate sweep
algorithm
Details of "Sweep Method" - Method
• Advantages - Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
一 Capable of sweeping multiple Geometry 1 Body
Source Definition
Source & Targets
Faces Suppressed No

一 Can perform some automatic Method Sweep

Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting
defeaturing Src/Trg Selection Manual Th in
Source 2 Faces
• Disadvantages Free Face Mesh Type Quad/Tri
Sweep Num Divs Default
—For Multibody Parts only one 十 Element Option Solid

division across the sweep is

allowed
—Inflation & Sweep Bias not Source Faces
allowed Imprinted on Target
ANSYS
53
 Sweep Meshing

How to Identify Sweepable bodies

• ANSYS Meshing can identify sweepable bodies automatically
一 Rotational Sweep bodies are not identified
• Right click Mesh object in Outline and select Show > Sweepable Bodies

Geometry Sweepable bodies in

green color ANSYS
54
 Sweep Meshing

How to Ensure Bodies are Sweepable

• Bodies which will not allow sweeping can be decomposed into a number
of topologically simpler sweepable bodies
• Decomposition can be performed in CAD/DM
• Example 1 Decomposed in
CAD/DM
JJnsweepable body Sweepable!

ANSYS
55
 Sweep Meshing

Example 2

T Junction Geometry
Unsweepable

Decomposed in
CAD/DM
나
Sweepable!

ANSYS
56
 MultiZone Meshing

Method Behavior
・ Based on blocking approach used in ANSYSICEM
CFD Hexa
MultiZone
・ Automatically decomposes geometry into blocks Mesh

・ Generates structured hex mesh where block

topology permits
一 Remaining region (Free Mesh) filled with
unstructured Hexa Core or Tetra or Hexa
Dominant mesh.
Details of "MultiZone" - Method 무

・ Can select source & target faces automatically - Scope

Scoping Method Geometry Selection
or manually Geometry 1 Body
-1 Definitloni
一 Can have multiple source faces Suppressed No
Method MultiZone
・ Compatible with 3D inflation Mapped Mesh Type Hexa
Surface Mesh Method Program Controlled
Access Free Mesh Type Not Allowed
Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting
Insert Method and set to Multizone Src/Trg Selection Manual Source
Source 4 Faces
7brget faces should also be selected as "Source” for Multizone
+1 Advanced |
Method as mesh is swept from both directions ANSYS
57
MultiZone Meshing
Details of "MultiZone" - Method 早

Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Body
Definition
• Mapped Mesh Type - determines the shape of the Suppressed No
Method MultiZone
elements used to fill structured regions (the default is Mapped Mesh Type Hexa ▼!

Surface Mesh Method Hexa 1

Hexa). Free Mesh Type

Hexa/Prism
Prism 1
Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting

• Hexa - All hexa hedral elements are generated Src/Trg Selection

Source
Manual Source
4 Faces
Advanced
• Hexa/Prism - For swept regions, the surface mesh can
allow triangles for quality and transitioning Details of "MultiZone" - Method

- Scope
무

Scoping Method Geometry Selection

• Prism - All prism elements are generated Geometry 1 Body
- Definition
- This option is sometimes useful if the source face mesh is Suppressed No
Method MultiZone
being shared with a tet mesh, as pyramids are not required to Mapped Mesh Type Hexa
kT「i A「거 iii iTT ■■ Program Controlled
transition to the tet mesh Free Mesh Type Program Controlled
▼

Uniform

■I
Element Midside Nodes
• Surface Mesh Method 一 specifies method to create the Src/Trg Selection
Pave
Manual source
Source 4 Faces
surface mesh. + Advanced

• Program Controlled - automatically uses a combination Surface mesh method = Uniform

of Uniform and Pave mesh methods depending on the

mesh sizes set and face properties

■ 1
• Uniform - uses a recursive loop-splitting method which
creates a highly uniform mesh
Surface mesh method = Pave
i
• Pave - creates a good quality mesh on faces with high
curvature, and also when neighboring edges have a high
aspect ratio ANSYS
 MultiZone Meshing
Details of "MultiZone" - Method 무

曰 Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection

Example 1 Geometry 1 Body

曰 Definition
• Single body automatically decomposed into three blocks Suppressed No
Method MultiZone
• Src/Trg Selection - Automatic Mapped Mesh Type Hexa
Free Mesh Type Not Allowed
• Results in all hex mesh Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting
Src/Trg Selection Automatic
• Equivalent to manually decomposing by slicing off upper Source Program Controlled
曰 Advanced
and lower cylinders to produce three bodies and Mesh Based Defeaturing Off
applying sweep methods Minimum Edge Length 0.5 ■
Write ICEM CFD Files No

59
 MultiZ아)e Meshing
Details of "MultiZone" - Method 무

曰 Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection

Example 2 Geometry 1 Body

曰 Definition

・ Blend on central body, Multizone no longer ableto Suppressed No

Method MultiZone
create structured block Mapped Mesh Type Hexa
Free Mesh Type |Not Allowed
-Filled according to Free Mesh setting Element Midside Nodes
|Not Allowed
Tetra t
Src/Trg Selection lHexa Dominant L승
• Tetra, Hexa Core, Hexa Dominant Source lHexa Core

- Advanced
• Can specify type of surface mesh using Mapped Mesh Based Defeaturing Off

Mesh Type (Hexa, Hexa/Prism, Prism) Minimum Edge Length 0.2 ■

Write ICEM CFD Files No

ANSYS
60
Automatic Method

ANSYS
 Automatic Method

Method Behavior
・ Combination of Tetrahedron Patch
Conforming and Sweep Method
一 Automatically identifies sweepable
bodies and creates sweep mesh
Details of "Automatic Method" - Method 무
— All non-sweepable bodies meshed Scope
using tetrahedron Patch Conformal Scoping Method Geometry Selection
method Geometry 1 Body
DefinltTon
• Compatible with inflation Suppressed No
Method Automatic
Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting

Access
• Default Method where not specified
• Can specify by inserting Method and
setting to Automatic
ANSYS
62
 ANSYS

2D Meshing

ANSYS
63
 Methods for 2D Meshing

• Patch Conforming Methods

一 Aut이Tiatic Me1:hod (Qua^
Dominant) & Triangles

Details of "MultiZone Quad/Tri Method" - Meth... 무

曰 Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Body
S Definition
Suppressed No
Method MultiZone Quad/Tri ▼ ■
Surface Mesh Method iQuadrilateral Dominantl
Element Midside Nodes MultiZone Quad/Tri

- Free Face Mesh Type

Advanced
Mesh Based Defeaturing On
Free Face Mesh Type Quad/Tri
1 All Tri

Defeaturing Tolerance Default(0.5625 mm)

Sheet Loop Removal No
［艺IQ:
Minimum Edge Length 30. mm
Write ICEM CFD Files No

・ Patch Independent Methods

-Multizone Quad/Tri
一 Full Quad will be generated if "All Quad" is
selected as Free Face Mesh Type

・ Advanced size functions and local size

八 Multizone Quad/Tri & Multizone Quad Methods were
controls are supported /!\ previously called Uniform Quad/Tri and Uniform
L' 」Quad tillR14.0
ANSYS
64
 2D Meshing Control & Inflation

Mapped Surface Meshes

• Fully mapped surface meshes and
specified edge sizing/intervals can be
obtained by applying local controls
一 Covered in the Local Mesh Controls
lecture

白 『비esh
Mapped Face freshing 1
Edge Sizing

2D mesh with Inflation

・ Boundary edges are inflated
・ Support for global and local inflation
controls

ANSYS
65
 2D Mesh Solver Guidelines
ANSYS FLUENT
ANSYS CFX
For a 2D analysis in
• For 2D analysis in CFX, create a
FLUENT generate the
volume mesh (using Sweep) that is 1
mesh in the XY plane (z=0)
element thick in the symmetry
For axisymmetric direction, i.e.z
applicationsy>0 and
• Thin Block for Planar 2D
make sure that the
domain is axisymmetric • Thin Wedge (< 5°) for 2D Axis-
about x axis symmetric
• In ANSYS Meshing, by
default, a thickness is
defined for a surface
body and is visible when
the viewis not normal to
the XY Plane. This is
purely graphical - no
thickness will be present
when the mesh is
exported into the FLUENT
2D solver
ANSYS
66
 Meshing Multiple Bodies

ANSYS
67
 Selective Meshing

What is Selective Meshing?

• Selectively picking bodies and meshing them incrementally

Why use Selective Meshing?

• Bodies can be meshed individually
• Mesh seeding from meshed bodies influences neighboring bodies (user
has control)
• Automated meshing can be used at any time to mesh all remaining
bodies
・ When controls are added, only affected body meshes require remeshing
・ Selective body updating
・ Extensive mesh method interoperability

ANSYS
68
 Selective Meshing

Insert ►
Local meshing GoTo ►

• Mesh or clear meshes on individual bodies

• Subsequent bodies will use the attached face
mesh
• The meshing results (cell types) will depend on
the meshingorder
• Adjust/add controls - able to remesh only
affected body
• Select body(s) right click for context menu
Meshing first the pipe then the block Meshing first the block then the pipe

；■

ANSYS
69
 Selective Meshing

Recording Mesh Operations

• When using selective meshing the order
of meshing can be recorded for
automated future use
Right dick Mesh in the OutHnefor
Context Menu

Worksheet is generated recording mesh

operations as ordered steps
Named Selections are automatically
created for each meshed body for
reference in the Worksheet
一 Example; Meshing cylinder then block
70
Selective Meshing

Selective Body Updating

・ Remeshing only bodies that have changed
・ Access option through Tools > Options
— No: All geometry updated, all bodies
remeshed.
一 Associatively: Accommodates for body
topology change (add/delete) (slower)
— Non-Associatively: Assumes no topology
change (faster)

・ Example; Geometric change to block.

ANSYS
Workshop 2 - Introducing Meshing Methods

ANSYS
 Appendix

Contents
• Hex Dominant Meshing
• Sweep Meshing Biasing & Complex Geometry
• Surface Meshing with Inflation
• Mesh Connections
• Shell Meshing
• Patch Independent Tetrahedrons - Transition

ANSYS
73
 Hex Dominant Meshing

The mesh contains a combination of tet

and pyramid cells with majority of cdl
being of hex type
Useful for bodies which cannot be swept
Useful for CFD applications not requiring
inflation
Useful for CFD in the range of
acceptable Skewness or Orthogonal
Quality mesh quality metrics
'物 Hex Dominant Method
Access 物 Named Selections
Details of "Hex Dominant Method" - Method
Coordinate Systems

• RMB on Mesh 曰 Scope

Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Body

• Insert -> Method H Definition

Suppressed No
Method Hex Dominant
• Definition ■슈 Method Element Midside Nodes Automatic
- .. . T Tetrahedrons
Free Face Mesh Type 1-------------------
Hex Dominant
Control Messages I Sweep
iMulKine
YS
74
 Hex Dominant Meshing

• Example:
ANsY、＞
130

Geometry with Hex Dominant

valve inside Mesh generated

ANSYS
75
 Hex Dominant Meshing
Free (unstructured) Face Mesh Types
• Determines the element shape in the free zone (wherestructured
meshing is not possible)

Options
• Quad/Tri
• All Quad
—May insert triangular elements depending on complexity of geometry

Details of "Hex Dominant Method" - Method 무

曰 Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Body
-a Definition
Suppressed No
Method Hex Dominant
Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting

♦ Free Face Mesh Type Quad/T ri ▼

Control Messages
All Quadj .........
ID.

ANSYS
76
 Hex Dominant Meshing

Details of "Hex Dominant Method" - Method 曰 Statistics

Scope Nodes 12093
Scoping Method Geometry Selection Elements 16294
Example: Geometry 1 Body Mesh Metric None
曰 Definition
Suppressed No
Higher no. of
Method Hex Dominant
Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting elements
Free Face Mesh Type Quad/Tri
Control Messages No

Free Face Mesh Type:

Quad/Tri

Details of "Hex Dominant Method" - Method

Statistics
- Scope
Nodes 11309
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Elements 15765
Geometry 1 Body
Mesh Metric None
Geometry with - Definition
valve inside Suppressed No
Method Hex Dominant Lower no. of
Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting
elements
Free Face Mesh Type All Quad
Control Messages No

Free Face Mesh Type:

All Quad
ANSYS
77
 Sweep Meshing
・ Control:
Free (unstructured) Mesh Type
Source Program Controlled Source face
Target Program Controlled h
elements: Only
Free Face Mesh Type All Quad k
Type Number of Divisions
Quad

Type: All Quad

Source Program Controlled Source face

그 Target
Free Face Mesh Type
Program Controlled
Quad/Tri
elements: Quad
^^』lusTri
Type Number of Divisions

Type: Quad/Tri
k.
Sweepable Geometry
Source Program Controlled Source face
Target Program Controlled
elements: OnlyTri
Il Free Face Mesh Type All Tri
1 Type Number of Divisions

Type: AITTri
ANSYS
78
 Sweep Meshing

Element size in
swept direction
2mm

No. of elements in
swept direction: 10

ANSYS
79
Sweep Meshing

Control: Sweep Bias Type

Type Element Size

o
Sweep Element 5ize 4. mm
Sweep Bias Type No Bias Uniform mesh
Element Option Solid

No Bias

Type Element Size

Cells are
Sweep Element Size 4. mm
Sweep Elias Type
concentrated on
Sweepable Geometry one side
Sweep Elias 1.5

With Bias

ANSYS
 Sweep Meshing : Complex geometry
Details of "Inflation 2" - Inflation 무
- Scope

Scoping Method Geometry Selection

Geometry 1 Face
- Definition

Suppressed No
Boundary 2 Edges
Inflation Option First Layer Thickness
First Layer Height 150. mm
Maximum Layers 5
Growth Rate 1.2

Details of "Sweep Method" - Method

Scope
Scoping f'lethod Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Body
Definition
Suppressed No
Method Sweep
Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting
5rc/Trg Selection Manual Source
Source 1 Face
Target Program Controlled

Free Face Mesh Type Quad/Tri

Type Number oF Divisions
_ Sweep Num Divs 20
Sweep Bias Type
5weep Bias 2.
Element Option Solid
ANSYS
81
 Tetrahedrons Method: Patch Independent

B
Defined By Max Element Size
[Max Element Size Default(3.5821 mm)
Transition [Feature Angle 30.0°
Mesh Based Defeaturing Off

• Effect of Smooth Transition Curvature and Proximity Refinement Yes

[Min Size Limit Default
□ Num Cells Across Gap Default
・ Smooth transition uses advanced f i irs/Ahi ir^ RlnrmAl Annlp 「1 口f
Smooth Transition Off
front meshing technique TeFau!^™
Minimum Edge Length 0.81512 mm

AN >YS
Smooth Transition On I
Smooth Transition Off (default
저서세군以?는
거거거거거거지지
거거겨거거거게I

■
거거거거거게게

겨 지 거 ， ， ， *a
겨지거거 ▼，巧
거거지 f ，쫓 지
ᄈsrrr겨거거거거거’' ㉟、、최，TV째
있식제거，rrr저성
방rTTVTTTT、, 외학，거거거거거 J
제거자VTTVTT허어 향■거거거거 1
자거거거지r_rr_『r저자;ᄂ
거■
[二 Nodes
£戶쒸쒸쮀■
20068 戶 Nodes
[Elements 102780
Mesh Metric Orthogonal Quality

d
Min 0.457147337892345 0.232336378900267
匚Max 0.989873670005206
0.878351753102154
鑿
_
Max 0.993658044699929
□ Average Average 0.850623612128101
[Standard Deviation 8.99012796703237E-02 Standard Deviation 8.69790479924024E-02
ANSYS
82
 Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

Module 3: Global Mesh Controls

Dr. Ahmed Nagib Elmekawy

 Global Mesh Controls

What you will learn from this presentation

• Introduction to Global Mesh Controls

• Defaults
• General Sizing Controls & Advanced Size Functions
• Global Inflation
• Assembly Meshing Controls
• Statistics

ANSYS
2
 Preprocessing W

Meshing Solver

▼ A
Meshing
=> Methods 1 国 Fluid Flow (CFX)
2 0 Geornefry a
Hybrid Mesh: Tet,
Prisms, Pyramids 3 翁 Mesh
4 袋 Setup
Hexa Dominant,
Sweep meshing 5 5胞 Solution
6 당 Results
Assembly
Meshing
/•
Fluid Flow
Global Mesh
Settings

Local Mesh
Settings
Sizing,
Body/Sphere of
Influence, Match
Control, etc
ANSYS
3
 Meshing Process in ANSYS Meshing

ANSYS
4
Global Mesh Controls (1) Details of "Mesh"

-
Defaults

Physics Preference CFD

무

Solver Preference Fluent

Relevance 0

- Sizing

Global mesh controls are used to

Use Advanced Size Function On: Curvature

Relevance Center Coarse

Initial Size Seed Active Assembly

make global adjustment in the Smoothing

Transition
Medium

Slow

meshing strategy, which includes Span Angle Center

Curvature Normal Angle

Fine

Default (18.0 •)
□ Min Size Default (8.6332e-004 m)

sizing functions, inflation, smoothing, Max Face Size

Max Size
Default (8.6332e-002 m)

Default (0.172660 m)

defeaturing, parameter inputs, Growth Rate

Minimum Edge Length

Default (1.20)

1.0 m

- Inflation

assembly meshing inputs, etc. Use Automatic Inflation

Inflation Option
None

Smooth Transition
□ Transition Ratio 0.272

Minimal inputs Maximum Layers

::Growth Rate
5

1.2

Inflation Algorithm Pre

—Automatically calculates global -

View Advanced Options

Assembly Meshing
No

element sizes based on the smallest Smoothing Medium

曰
Method

Patch Conforming Options

1 None

Transition Slow ◄- Triangle Surface Mesher Program Controlled

geometric entity Span Angle Center Fine ◄- - Advanced

Shape Checking CFD

Curvature N 아 mal Angle Default (18.0 •》 ◄- Element Midside Nodes Dropped

一 Smart defaults are chosen based on Min Size Default (8.6332e<004 m) +

Straight Sided Elements

Number of Retries 0

physics preference Max Face Size Default (8.6332e-002 m) ◄- Extra Retries For Assembly Yes

Max Size Default (0.172660 m) ◄- Rigid Body Behavior

Mesh Morphing
Dimensionally Reduced

Disabled

Growth Rate Default (1.20) ◄ 曰

Makes global adjustments for
Defeaturing

Pinch Tolerance Default (7.7699e-004 m)

Minimum Edge Length 1.0 m
Generate Pinch on Refresh No

required level of mesh refinement Inflation Automatic Mesh Based Defeaturing On

Defeaturing Tolerance Default (4.3166e-004 m)

Use Automatic Inflation None
- Statistics

Advanced Size Functions for resolving Inflation Option Smooth Transition ◄- Nodes

Elements
Transition Ratio 0.272
Mesh Metric None

regions with curvatures and Maximum Layers 5

Growth Rate 1.2
proximity of surfaces Inflation Alg 아 rthm Pre
View Advanced Options No
 Global Mesh Controls (2) Physics Based Settings
• Physics and Solver Preferences
Outline
Details of "Mesh" 우
Project 僅 Defaults
Global Mesh Sizing Controls
i쇼I Model (B3) Physics Preference CFD

+ '物 Geometry
Solver Preference Fluent • Relevance and Relevance Center
Relevance 0
'교간 Virtual Topology - Sizing • Advanced Size Functions
Use Advanced Size Function On: Curvature
+ 하—쥰te Syst • Smoothing and Transition
Relevance Center Coarse
物關S3 Initial Size Seed Active Assembly • Span Angle Center
Namea Selectior Smoothing Medium
Transition Slow • Curvature Normal Angle
Span Angle Center Fine
[""I Curvature Normal Angle Default (18.0 •)
• Proximity Accuracy and Cells Across Gap
□ Min Size Default (8.6332e-004 m)
□ Max Face Size
□ Max Size
Default (8.6332e-002 m)
Default (0.172660 m)
Inflation
Growth Rate Default (1.20) • Inflation Option, Inflation Algorithm
Minimum Edge Length 1.0 m
曰 Inflation • Collision Avoidance
None
• Maximum Angle, Fillet Ratio, Smoothing
Details of "Mesh" 무 Smooth Transition
0.272

田 Defaults 5
1.2
Assembly Meshing
田 Sizing Pre • Activation of CutCell/Tetrahedrons Meshing
No

田 Inflation Patch Confirming Options

田 Assembly Meshing • Activation of Advancing Front Method
Program Controlled
田 Patch Conforming Options
田 Advanced
CFD
Dropped
Advanced
— 0一 • Shape Checking
田 Defeaturing
Yes • Element midside nodes
田 Statistics Dimensionally Reduced
II …u屮i"니y----------------------

Defeaturing
Disabled
Defeaturing
Pinch Tolerance Default (7.7699e-004 m)
• Pinch based
Generate Pinch on Refresh No
Automatic Mesh Based Defeaturing On • Automatic Mesh Based
□ Defeaturing Tolerance Default (4.3166e-004 m)
Statistics
□ Nocks Statistics
□ Elements
Mesh Metric None
• Mesh statistics, Quality criteria ANSYS
6
 Global Mesh Controls (3)
Details of "Mesh" 早

Details of "Mesh" 무 - Defaults

曰 Defaults Physics Preference CFD
Physics Preference cFb Solver Preference Fluent
Solver Preference Fluent
Relevance 0
Relevance 0

r
- Sizing - Sizing
Use Advanced Size Function On: Curvature Use Advanced Size Function On: Curvature
Relevance Center Coarse
Relevance Center Coarse
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Smoothing Medium Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Transition Slow Smoothing Medium
Span Angle Center Fine
Transition Slow
□ Curvature Normal Angle Default (18.0 •)
□ Min Size Default (8.6332e-004 m) Span Angle Center Fine
□ Max Face Size Default (8.6332e-002 m) Curvature Normal Angle Default (18.0 ・)
□ Max Size Default (0.172660 m)
Min Size Default (8.6332e-004 m)
Growth Rate Default (1.20)
Minimum Edge Length 1.0 m Max Face Size Default (8.6332e-002 m)
- Inflation Max Size Default (0.172660 m)
MuiuniaiiL a・ii iduun 關IC
Growth Rate Default (1.20)
Inflation Option Smooth Transition
□ Transition Ratio 0.272 Minimum Edge Length 1.0 m
□ Maximum Layers 5
Growth Rate 1.2 曰 Patch Conforming Options
Inflation Algorithm Pre Triangle Surface Mesher Program Controlled
View Advanced Options No Inflation
- Advanced
- Assembly Meshing Use Automatic Inflation None
Method None Shape Checking CFD
Inflation Option Smooth Transition
- Patch Conforming Options Element Midside Nodes Dropped
Triangle Surface Mesher Program Controlled =]Transition Ratio 0.272
Straight Sided Elements
- Advanced Maximum Layers 5
Number of Retries 0
Element Midside Nodes Dropped
그 Growth Rate 1.2 Extra Retries For Assembly Yes
Straight Sided Elements Inflation Algorithm Pre Rigid Body Behavior Dimensionally Reduced
Number of Retries 0 View Advanced Options No Mesh Morphing Disabled
Extra Retries F아 Assembly Yes
Rigid Body Behavior Dimensionally Reduced
Assembly Meshing - Defeaturing
Mesh Morphing Disabled Method None Pinch Tolerance Default (7.7699e-004 m)
- Defeaturing
Pinch Tolerance Default (7.7699e-004 m)
s Patch Conforming Options Generate Pinch on Refresh No

Generate Pinch on Refresh No Triangle Surface Mesher Program Controlled Automatic Mesh Based Defeaturing On
Automatic Mesh Based Defeaturing On ]Defeaturing Tolerance Default (4.3166e-004 m)
□ Defeaturing Tolerance Default (4.3166e-004 m)
- Statistics
- Statistics
Nodes
□ Nodes
二
l~l Elements
Mesh Metric None
Elements
Mesh Metric None ANSYS
7
 Defaults
Four options under “Physics Preference”
— CFD, Mechanical, Explicit and Electromagnetic
Details of "Mesh" 무 Three options under "Solver Preference" when CFDis
Defaults
Physics Preference CFD selected:
Solver Preference Fluent
匚 Relevance 0 -Fluent, CFX and POLYFLOW
曰 Sizing
Use Advanced Size Function On: Curvature
Relevance Center Coarse Mesh setting defaults are automatically adjusted to suitthe
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Smoothing High "Physics Preference" and “Solver Preference”
Transition Slow
Span Angle Center
口 Curvature Normal Angle
Fine
Default (18.0°)
Assembly Meshing is active only when Physics Preference is
二 Min Size Default (0.33020 mm) CFD and Solver Preference is Fluent
Z Max Face Size Default (33.020 mm)
匚 1 Max Size Default (66.040 mm) Details of "Mesh" 꾸 Details of "Mesh" 무

匚 Growth Rate Default (1.20) 曰 Defaults 曰 Defaults

Minimum Edge Length 12.70 mm Physics Preference CFD Physks Preference Mechanical
Solver Preference Fluent 匚 Relevance 0
Relevance
，------- B Sizing
曰 Sizing Use Advanced Size Function Off
Use Advanced Size Function On: Curvature Relevance Center Coarse
Relevance Center Coarse 匚 Element Size DeFault
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Smoothing Medium Smoothing Medium
Transition Slow Transition Fast
Span Angle Center Fine — Span Angle Center Coarse
그 Curvature Normal Angle Default (18.0。) ◄---------- Minimum Edge Length 12.70 mm _
J
C Min Size Default (0.33020 mm)
二 Max Face Size Default (33.020 mm)
L Max Size Default (66.040 mm)
3 Growth Rate
Minimum Edge Length
Default (1.20)
12.70 mm ANSYS
8
 Defaults : Relevance
Details of "Mesh" 무 Relevance and Relevance Center
曰 Defaults
Physks Preference CFD
• Useful for automatic Global Refinement or Coarsening of

-r
Solver Preference Fluent
[Relevance 10 the mesh
Sizing
Use Advanced Size Function On: Curvature
Relevance Center Coarse
Initial Size Seed Coarse
1 Medium
Smoothing

Relevance Center

ANSYS
9
Sizing : Advanced Sizing Functions
Details of "Mesh" 무
广 ■ _ ■
Defaults ・ controls tne growtn ana aistnoution or mesn in important
Physics Preference CFD
Solver Preference Fluent regions of high curvature or close proximity of surfaces
Relevance 10
- Sizing De tails of "Mesh" 무
I Use Advanced Size Function I On: Curvature 曰 Defaults

Relevance Center Off Physics Preference CFD

On: Proximity and Curvature Solver Preference Fluent
Initial Size Seed
Smoothing
On: Ci irvabi irp
On: Proximity
• Five Options: 匚 Relevance 0

Transition On: Fixed 曰 Sizing

Span Angle Center Fine

-Off. Use Advanced Size Function On: Proximity

0 Curvature Normal Angle Default (16.860 °) Relevance Center Coarse

厂 Min Size Default (0.313320 mm) —Proximity and Curvature Smoothing High

0 Max Face Size Default (31.3320 mm) 匚 Proximity Accuracy 0.5

Max Size Default (62.6640 mm) —Curvature 匚 Num Cells Across Gap

[Growth Rate Default (1.19450) Proximity Size Function Sources Faces and Edges ▼

Minimum Edge Length 12.70 mm —Proximity □ Min Size Faces and Edges
Faces
- Inflation
C Max Size

Use Automatic Inflation None

—Fixed Growth Rate
Edges
Default (1.20) 一
Minimum Edge Length 0.46840 mm
Inflation Option Smooth Transition
그 Transition Ratio 0.272
匚 Maximum Layers 5
匚 Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre
View Advanced Options No

ANSYS
 Sizing : Advanced Sizing Function (ASF) Examples

ASF: Off ASF: Curvature ASF: Proximity

• The edges are meshed • Determines the Edge and • Controls the mesh resolution
with global Element Size Face sizes based on on proximity regions in the
• Then the edges are Curvature Normal Angle model
refined for curvature and • Finer Curvature Normal • Fits in specified number of
2D proximity Angle creates finer surface elements in the narrow gaps
• At the end, corresponding mesh • Higher Number of Cells
face and volume mesh is • Transition of cell size is Across Gap creates more
generated defined by Growth Rate refined surface mesh
• Transition of cell size is • Transition of cell size is
defined by Transition defined by Growth Rate
ANSYS
ii
 Sizing : Advanced Sizing Function Examples

ASF: Proximity & Curvature ASF: Fixed ASF: Fixed + Local Sizings
• Combines the effect of • Constant mesh size through • Mesh is refined locally due to
Proximity’ and ‘Curvature’ out sizing (on 2 edges for that
size function • No refinement due to example)
curvature or proximity in the • Elsewhere size is defined by
model Max (Face) Size
More computational time • Surface mesh is generated • Transition of cell size is
with specified Max Face defined by Growth Rate
Size
• Volume mesh is generated
with specified Max Size
ANSYS
12
 Sizing : Element Size
Details of "Mesh" 무 Element Size
Defaults
Physics Preference
Solver Preference
CFD
Fluent
• Element size used for the entire model
二 Relevance 0
Sizing — This size will be used for meshing all edges, faces and bodies
Use Advanced Size Function On: Curvature
Relevance Center
Initial Size Seed
Coarse
Active Assembly
• Default value based on Relevance and Initial Size Seed
Smoothing High
Transition Slow —User can input required value as per geometry dimensions
Span Angle Center Fine
匚 j Curvature Normal Angle Default (18.0。)
Min Size Default (0.33020 mm)
]Max Face Size Default (33.020 mm)
—Max Size Default (66.040 mm)
二 Growth Rate Default (1.20)
Minimum Edge Length 12.70 mm Details of "Mesh" 무

曰 Defaults
Use Automatic Inflation None
Physics Preference CFD
Inflation Option Smooth Transition
Solver Preference Fluent
Transition Ratio 0.272
Z Maximum Layers Relevance 0
5
Growth Rate 1.2 曰 Sizing
Use Advanced Size Function Off
Inflation Algorithm
View Advanced Options
Pre
No
Element size option Rplpvanrg Cgntgf
available when Advanced ■ Element Size Default

imcial oiz 巧兩^— waive a경3而5巧^—

Size Function is not used Smoothing Medium

Transition Slow

Span Angle Center Fine

Minimum Edge Length 311.760 mm

ANSYS
13
 Sizing : Min and Max Size
Min Size
Details of "Mesh"
Defaults
早
• Minimum element size that the size function will generate
Physics Preference CFD
Solver Preference Fluent
• Some element sizes may be smaller than this size depending on
口 Relevance 0
the edge length
Sizing
Use Advanced Size Function On: Curvature
Relevance Center Coarse Max Face Size
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Smoothing
Transition
High
Slow
• Maximum face size that the size function will generate
Span Angle Center Fine
□ Curvature Normal Angle DeFault (18.0 °) Max Size
그 Min Size Default (0.33020 mm)
그 Max Face Size ■^令 Default (33.020 mm)
・ Maximum element size that can be grown in the interior of
그 Max Size Default (66.040 mm)
Growth Rate Default (1.20)
volume mesh
Minimum Edge Length 12.70 mm

Use Automatic Inflation None

Inflation Option Smooth Transition
0 Transition Ratio 0.272
그 Maximum Layers 5 Mouse Pointer serves to estimate
그 Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre
mesh sizes
View Advanced Options No

Min Size

Max Face Size

Min Size < Max Face Size < Max Size Max Size
ANSYS
14
 Sizing : Growth Rate
• Define the ratio between sizes of adjacent ceHs
早
Details of "Mesh"

曰 Defaults
一 On surfaces and inside the volumes
Physics Preference CFD
Solver Preference Fluent
二 Relevance 0
B Sizing
Use Advanced Size Functior( On: Curvature

Relevance Center Coarse

Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Smoothing High
Transition Slow
Span Angle Center Fine
□ Curvature Normal Angle Default (18.0。)
=Min Size Default (0.33020 mm)
]Max Face Size Default (33.020 mm)
Max Size Default (66.040 mm)
二 Growth Rate Default (1.20)
Minimum Edge Length 12.70 mm

Use Automatic Inflation None

Inflation Option Smooth Transition
]Transition Ratio 0.272
Growth Rate = 1.3
二 Maximum Layers 5
C Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre Mesh size:
View Advanced Options No
GR= 1.1 : 1,263,297 cells
GR= 1.2 : 587,026 cells
GR= 1.3: 392,061 cells

ANSYS
15
 Sizing : Transition
• Controls the rate at which elements grow
Details of "Mesh" 무
曰 Defaults • Two level control for transition
Physics Preference CFD
Solver Preference Fluent 一 Slow (Default for CFD, Explicit), produces smooth transitions
匚 Relevance 0
Sizing 一 Fast (Default for Mechanical and Electromagnetic), produces more
Use Advanced Size Function On: Curvature
Relevance Center Coarse
abrupt transitions
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Smoothing Medium
• Hidden for sheet models, ignored for assemblies containing
Transition Slow ▼ sheets, when ASF is On
Span Angle Center Fast_____________________
Slow
•■어.、-、-”.， ， 1

匚 Min Size Default (9.9451e-002 mm)

ᄃ Max Face Size DeFault (9.94510 mm)
[Max Size Default (19.890 mm)
匚 Growth Rate Default (1.20)
Minimum Edge Length 3.9918e-003 mm
Fast

ANSYS
16
 Sizing : Smoothing
• Improves quality by moving locations of nodes with respect to
Details of "Mesh" 早 surrounding nodes
Defaults
Physks Preference CFD
Solver Preference Fluent • Three level control for smoothing iterations
匚 Relevance 0
-High (Default for Explicit)
Use Advanced Size Function On: Curvature
Relevance Center Coarse 一 Medium (Default for Mechanical, Electromagnetic and CFD)
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Smoothing Low ▼ -Low
Transition Low
Span Angle Center _____
• For Cutcell meshing, the Smoothing option controls the quality
threshold at which it will start smoothing. High is recommended.

曰 Statistics Statistics 曰 Statistics

□ Nodes 35289 □ Nodes 35880 □ Nodes 35716
Elements 178171 1―1 Element^^ 1—1 Element^^^ j했
Mesh Metric ^rthogonal-Quality_^ Mesh Metric Qt±hGg©nal-QHalitvL^^ Mesh Metric 曲
rQ ogonaF如此 a y、、
□ Min 0.159433237759087 ) □ Min 0.21923454092844 으) □ Min J3.267566660927052P
□ Max 0.994295045134473 □ Max 0.997558407575095 □ Max 0.995350440465592
□ Average
Standard Deviation
0.842949718413022
9.29869563499239E-02
□ Average
Standard Deviation
0.849759914459716
8.88455263724525E-02
□ Average
Standard Deviation
0.850145343728712
8.86677556985072E-02 ANSYS
17
 Sizing : Span Angle Center
무
Details of "Mesh"
Defaults
Controls curvature based refinement for Edges
Physics Preference CFD
Solver Preference
匚 Relevance
Fluent
0
Three options and corresponding span angle ranges are
Sizing
Use Advanced Size Function On: Curvature -Coarse: 91° to 60°
Relevance Center Coarse
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly —Medium: 75° to 24°
Smoothing Medium

1 Span Angle Center Fine '|

-Fine: 36° tol2°
O Curvature Normal Angle Coarse
Medium
Min Size
Fine
M ［，■사 C:-스

「Max Size Default (40379 mm)

匚 Growth Rate Default (1.20)
Minimum Edge Length 7.63920 mm

ANSYS
18
 Inflation
Details of "Mesh"
Defaults
무
Inflation
Physks Preference CFD
Solver Preference Fluent ・ Used to generate thin cells adjacent to boundaries
ᄃ Relevance 0
Sizing • Required for capture of wall adjacent boundary layers
Use Advanced Size Function On: Curvature
Relevance Center Coarse —Resolve viscous boundary layer in CFD
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Smoothing
Transition
Medium
Slow
—Resolve thin air gaps in Electromagnetic analysis
Span Angle Center Fine
匚 Curvature Normal Angle Default (18.0°)
一 Resolve high stress concentration regions in Structures
厂 Min Size Default (9.9451e-002 mm)
0 Max Face Size Default (9.94510 mm) ・ Cells are created by 'inflating7 from the surface mesh into the
□ Max Size Default (19.890 mm)
E Growth Rate Default (1.20) volume (3d) or inflating from the boundary edge onto the face (2d)
Minimum Edge Length 3.9918e-003 mm
Inflation • Options to control growth
Use Automatic Inflation None
Inflation Option Smooth Transition
]Transition Ratio 0.272
Maximum Layers 5
Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre
View Advanced Options No

ANSYS
19
 Inflation : Automatic Inflation
Details of "Mesh"
Defaults
무 參
Three options
Physics Preference CFD
Solver Preference Fluent
— N 이16
[Relevance 0
Sizing • Select this for manual inflation settings using local mesh
Use Advanced Size Function On: Curvature
Relevance Center Coarse
controls
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Smoothing Medium 一 Program Controlled
Transition Slow
Span Angle Center Fine • All the faces are selected for inflation except:
口 Curvature Normal Angle Default (18.0°)
0 Min Size Default (9.9451e-002 mm) • Faces scoped to a Named Selection
匚 Max Face Size Default (9.94510 mm)
Max Size Default (19.890 mm) • Faces with manual inflation defined
Growth Rate Default (1.20)
Minimum Edge Length 3.9918e-003 mm • Faces in contact regions
Inflation
Use Automatic Inflation None ■^一 ▼ • Faces in symmetry
Inflation Option None
Program Controlled
0 Transition Ratio
All Faces in Chosen Named Selection • Faces that belong to a part or body that has a mesh method
Maximum Layers 5
F Growth Rate 1.2 defined that does not support 3D inflation, such as hex­
Inflation Algorithm Pre
dominant
View Advanced Options No

• Faces in sheet bodies

— All Faces in chosen Named Selection: can grow inflation
layers from faces grouped in one named selection

ANSYS
20
 Inflation : Inflation Options
Five options: All available for PC tets and Assembly meshing
Details of "Mesh" 무

Defaults Smooth Transition

Physics Preference CFD
Solver Preference Fluent Maintains smooth volumetric growth
Relevance 0
between each adjacent layer, fbtal
Sizing
Use Advanced Size Function On: Curvature
thickness depends on the variation of
Relevance Center Coarse base surface mesh sizes (Default)
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Smoothing Medium
First Layer Thickness
Transition Slow
Span Angle Center Fine Maintains constant first cell height
그 Curvature Normal Angle Default (18.0°)
throughout
Min Size 1.60 mm
= Max Face Size Default (238.760 mm)
=Max Size Default (477.510 mm) Total Thickness
二 Growth Rate Default (1.20)
Minimum Edge Length 0.303010 mm
Maintains constant total height ofinflation
Inflation layer throughout
Use Automatk Inflation Program Controlled
Inflation Option Smooth Transition ■ First Aspect Ratio
Transition Ratio | Total Thickness,

二 Maximum Layers
■■■■脚 ■대
Smooth Transition
Controls the heights of the inflation layers
~ Growth Rate First Aspect Ratio
Last Aspect Ratio
by defining the aspect ratio of the
Inflation Algorithm
View Advanced Options No
inflations that are extruded from the
inflation base

Last Aspect Ratio

Creates inflation layers using the values
of the first layer height, maximum layers,
and aspect ratio controls
ANSYS
21
 Inflation : Inflation Algorithms
Two Algorithms
Details of "Mesh"
一 Post ■
日 Defaults
-Pre
醐
Physics Preference CFD
Solver Preference Fluent
Relevance 0一

Sizing Patch independent

Use Advanced Size Function On: Curvature
Relevance Center Coarse meshes use Post Post
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Smoothing Medium
Transition Slow
Span Angle Center Fine • First let grows then Inflation process starts
□ Curvature Normal Angle Default (18.0。)
Min Size Default (7.7699e-005 m) • let mesh is undisturbed, if the inflation options are altered
Max Face Size 5efaul"7.7699 卜

Max Size Default (1554e-002 mF

• Default option for Patch Independent Tetrahedrons
□ Growth Rate Default (1.20j

Minimum Edge Length 3.e-002 m

Inflation
Use Automatic Inflation Program Controlled
Inflation Option Smooth Transition
O Transition Ratio 0.272
□ Maximum Layers 5— 厂\ Preview Inflation
□ Growth Rate L2—
卜
/!\ is available only
Inflation Algorithm
b》ost
View Advanced Options
Pre
with Pre Algorithm
囹 Patch Conforming Options
囡 Advanced
囝 Defeaturing
S Statistics

• Surface mesh is inflated first, then rest of the volume mesh grows
• Default method for Patch ConformingTetrahedrons
ANSYS
22
 Defeaturing
Removes small geometry features meeting the tolerances
Defeaturing using Pinch or/and Automatic Mesh Based Defeaturing
Pinch Tolerance Default (0,450 mm)
Generate Pinch on Refresh No
controls in order to improve the mesh quality. Not all
Automatic Mesh Based Defeaturing On ▼ meshing methods can take advantage of these controls
Defeaturing Tolerance Off.............................
l=On
Automatic Mesh Based Defeaturing (AMBD) when it is ’On’,
features smaller than or equal to the value of Defeaturing
Tolerance are removed automatically

Statistics
□ Nodes 1120
[Elements 5044
Mesh Metric Orthogonal Quality
□ Min 0.325542409298744
□ Max 0.987269968958811
□ Average 0.828728581610893
Standard Deviation 0.102011623082974

AMBD On /

ANSYS
23
 Statistics
• Option to view the mesh quality metric
Statistics
• Exhaustive list of quality metrics
Nodes 42344
Elements 192686 • Orthogonal Quality mesh quality metrics
1 Mesh Metric Orthogonal Quality ▼

Min Jacobian Ratio A

• Option to view the Mesh Metric chart
Warping Factor —Intuitive controls available under Mesh Metric Chart
Max
Parallel Deviation
Average Maximum Corner Angle — Various options to explore under the 'Controls5
Standard Deviation Skewness =
• See Module 5 for details
Mesh
11/18/2010 3:06 PM

|\Geometry XPrint Preview7~

Mesh Metrics 우 x Mesh Metrics 우 x

Controls | Controls I

Element Metrics Element Metrics

ANSYS
24
 Parallel Statistic Calculations
Options
(g) B : Mesh - Meshing [ANSYS ICEM CFD]
H 5^ Common Settings

File Edit View Units Tools I Help ■-M •스 Gen 囡卿 DesignModeler

Meshing
味]舞 Aqwa Applet
Relevance 0
Show Vertices 错 Addins...
Mechanical
_••厨 Meshing
Allow Selective Meshing Yes —

Mesh 二》Update ■희 o Option's". 必 Meshing

」泰Export
Unmeshable Areas
Number of Retries
Show All Failed
4

Variable Manager 3《j多 FE Modeler

OutII ine

Filter: Name ▼ Ruin Macro... Default Method Automatic (Patch Conforming/Sweeping)

Verbose Messages from Meshing ^ff

S Virtual Topology
Merge Edges Bounding Manually Created Faces Yes
曰 Sizing
Use Advanced Size Function On: Proximity and Curvature
曰 Inflation
Maximum Height over Base
Gap Factor

OK Cancel Help

Note that statistics can utilize multi-core machines to

speed up calculations in paraHel

Specify your core count in Tools > Options to allowthis

Note that options set here will be remembered for future
sessions so you can set physics preference default etc here.
ANSYS
25
 Workshop 3 - Global Mesh Controls

ANS，

ANSYS
26
 Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

Module 4: Local Mesh Controls

27
 Local Mesh Controls

What you will learn from this presentation

Local mesh controls (Mesh sizing, Refinement, Match control, Inflation, etc)
How to apply local controls?
Effect of local controls on mesh

ANSYS
28
 Preprocessing Workflow

Geometry Creation
OR
Geometry Import

▼ A
Sketches and
그〉3D Operations 1 国
匕 -
Planes Fluid Flow (CFX)
2 0 Geornefry
난匕、 Boolean, Body
a

3D Operations 、여' Operations, Split, 3 翁 Mesh

I
etc
4 袋 Setup
、느—、Extrude, Revolve,
、니 Sweep, etc 5 5胞 Solution
Geometry
'한 Cleanup and 6 당 Results
Repair
Geometry Import Fluid Flow
Options
Automatic Global Mesh
Cleanup =〉 Settings
Direct CAD/Bi-
Directional CAD
Merge, Connect,
Projection, Flow
Volume
Extraction, etc

ANSYS
 Meshing Process in ANSYS Meshing

ANSYS
30
 Local Mesh Controls
Control the mesh locally
• Depends on the "Mesh Method" used

Local Mesh Controls are: 物 Method

• Sizing 3/ Update 取.Sizing

X Contact Sizing
- For Vertex, Edge, Face and Body ■/ Generate Mesh
/X Refinement
• Contact Sizing Preview ►
■ Mapped Face Meshing
Show ►
- For Edge and face Match Control
Create Pinch Controls
物 Pinch
• Refinement 기 Clear Generated Data fy Inflation
- For Vertex, Edge and Face 직［b Rename

• Mapped Face Meshing

一 For Face
• Match C 아ltrol
一 For Edge and Face
• Pinch
- For Vertex and Edge
• Inflation
- For Edge and Face

The latest control added on a particularentity

overrides any prior controls
ANSYS
31
 Sizing
Recommended for locally defining the mesh sizes _ Method

氣.Sizing
You can only scope sizing to one geometry entity type at a time X Contact Sizing
..A Refinement
• For example: you can apply sizing to a number of edges or a number of faces, but not a mix of
edges and faces. 曲 Mapped Face Meshing
秘 Match Control
Four Types of Sizing option 囑】Pinch
・ Element Size specifies average element edge length on bodies, faces or edges 為 Inflation

• Number of Divisions specifies number of elements on edge(s) Outline 早

iHl Project
• Body of Influence specifies average element size within a body 白 호! Model (B3)
由.…、，资ᅵGeometry
S '木 Coordinate Systems
• Sphere of Influence specifies average element size within the sphere 日+ Mesh
'取. Edge Sizing 여^^■

Sizing options vary depending on the entity type chosen

Entity/Option Element Size Number of Divisions Body of Influence Sphene of Influence

Vertices X
Edges X X Requires a
Coordinate
Faces X
system for
Bodies X X X the sphere
Advanced Size
Only Element Size type is available for Function in Global
• ' CutCell meshing settings should be
disabled ANSYS
32
 Sizing : Edges

SizingType:
Element Size
Details of "Edge Sizing" - Sizing 무

日 Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Edge
Definition
Suppressed No
Type Element Size 서^^■
:Element Size 60. mm 따^^^■

Behavior Soft
Curvature Normal Angle Default
二 Growth Rate Default
Bias Type No Bias

SizingType:
Number of Divisions
Details of "Edge Sizing" - Sizing 무

日 Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Edge
Definition
Edge meshed with 10
Suppressed No
Type ■ ► Number of Divisions elements
=Number of Divisions 10 ---------
Behavior Soft
二 Curvature Normal Angle Default
The Curvature Normal Angle and/or the Growth Rate
Growth Rate Default
/ ! ' maybe not displayed depending on the ASF used
Bias Type No Bias
ANSYS
33
 Sizing : Edges
Bias Type and Bias Factor _ Method

氣.Sizing
Specify the grading scheme and factor X Contact Sizing
..A Refinement
Bias Type: grading of elements towards one end, both ends, or the center
Behavior Soft I Behavior Soft 曲 Mapped Face Meshing
1 Bias Type ▼
Bias Type _____________ 秘 Match Control
Bias Option
M Bias Option
Bias Factor — Smooth Transiboni ▼ 囑】Pinch
| Bias Growth Rate
Bias Option: Smooth Tram咖n 為 Inflation
No Bias

— Bias Factor: is the ratio of the largest element to the smallest element
一 Smooth Transition: defined by Growth Rate which is ratio of size of an
element with size of previous element. (Growth Rate = Bias FactorA(l(n-l))

曰 Definition Definition Definition

Suppressed No Suppressed No Suppressed No
Type Number of Divisions Type Number of Divisions Type Number of Divisions
Number of Divisions 8 Number of Divisions 8 Number of Divisions 8
J Behavior Soft Behavior Soft Behavior Soft
Bias Type > _______________ Bias Type Bias Type —►
Bias Option
□ Bias Factor
Bias Factor
5.
Bias Option
0 Bias Factor
-• — _____
Bias Factor
5.
Bias Option
Bias Factor
Bias Factor
5.
ANSYS
34
 Sizing : Edges
Behavior _ Method

氣.Sizing
Soft: Sizing will be influenced by global sizing functions such as those based on X Contact Sizing
proximity and/or curvature as well as local mesh controls ..A Refinement

曲 Mapped Face Meshing

Hard: Size control is strictly adhered to 秘 Match Control
•Transition between hard edges (or any edge with bias) and adjacentedge 囑】Pinch

A and face meshes may be abrupt

•Hard edges or edges with bias will override Max Face Size and Max Size
為 Inflation

properties
Details of "Edge Sizing" - Sizing Behavior

-Scope Bias Type

白…..多物Mesh
Scoping Method Geometry Selection Bias Factor
氣 Edge Sizing
Geometry 2 Edges
Details of "Mesh" Definition
三 Defaults Suppressed No

Physics Preference CFD Type Number of Divisions

4 *^一
Solver Preference Fluent Number of Divisions
Behavior Soft <
Influenced by global
ᄃ Relevance 0
Sizing [Curvature Normal Angle Default Proximity advanced
Use Advanced Size Function On: Proximity [Growth Rate Default

Relevance Center Coarse Bias Type No Bias

size function.
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly '觀.脚3MCT
Smoothing Medium
Transition Slow Details of "Edge Sizing" - Sizing 우

Span Angle Center Fine - Scope

Proximity Accuracy 0.5 Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Num Cells Across Gap 5 ■ Geometry 2 Edges
□ Min Size Default (2.05710 mm) - Definition .-------
[Max Face Size Default (205.710 mm) Suppressed No
[:Max Size Default (411.430 mm) Type Number of Divisions
Number of Divisions 4 钃 No influence from other
H
[Growth Rate Default (1.20)

arrd
Behavior Hard 卜^^—
Minimum Edge Length 311.760 mm
Bias Type No Bias global settings ANSYS
35
 Sizing : Faces
ANSYS
Element Size _ Method

氣.Sizing
Defines the maximum element size on the face X Contact Sizing
..A Refinement

曲 Mapped Face Meshing

秘 Match Control
Details of "Face Sizing" - Sizing 무
日 Scope 囑】Pinch
Scoping Method
Geometry
Geometry Selection
1 Face
為 Inflation
Definition
Suppressed No
Type Element Size
Element Size 0.2 mm Face meshed with
Behavior Soft
constant element
[Curvature Normal Angle Default
[Growth Rate Default size

Details of "Face Sizing" - Sizing

-Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Face
Definition
Suppressed No
Type Element Size
[Element Size Default
Behavior Soft
[Curvature Normal Angle 10.0 ° —
[Growth Rate 1.20

ANSYS
36
 Sizing : Body (volume) _ Method

氣.Sizing
Element Size X Contact Sizing
..A Refinement

Defines the maximum cell size on the Body 曲 Mapped Face Meshing
秘 Match Control

Tetrahedron patch CutCell 囑】Pinch

為 Inflation
conforming mesh mesh

'학 購

Details of "Body Sizing" - Sizing 早

H Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Body
Definition
Suppressed No
Type Element Size
[Element Size 2. mm
Behavior Soft
[Curvature Normal Angle Default
[Growth Rate Default

Body meshed with max

cell size defined
ANSYS
37
 Sizing : Sphere of Influence _ Method

氣.Sizing
Sphere of Influence : on Vertex X Contact Sizing
..A Refinement

一 Available with or without Advanced Size Functions 曲 Mapped Face Meshing

一 Sets the average element size around the selected vertex 秘 Match Control
_ Pinch

—Inputs: 為 Inflation
• Sphere radius and Element size
• Center of the sphere is defined by a model vertex

로 Mesh
二士
A 圆曬_
Details of "Vertex Sizing" - Sizing 무

E Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Vertex
- Definition
Suppressed No
Type Sphere of Influence
Sphere Radius 10. mm _
=Element Size 0.35 mm

• Good resolution at the vertex

• The element size will be applied to all entities
connected to the selected vertex

ANSYS
38
 Sizing : Sphere of Influence _ Method

氣.Sizing

Sphere of Influence : on Bodies X Contact Sizing

..A Refinement

—Available with or without Advanced Size Functions 曲 Mapped Face Meshing

秘 Match Control
—Constant element size is applied within the confines _ Pinch
of a sphere 為 Inflation

—Use coordinate system to define the center ofthe

Sphere

李. Coordinate Systems
'冰 Global Coordinate System
，永 My_LCS
白.. Mesh

Details of "Body Sizing" - Sizing 早

Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Body
Definition
Suppressed No
Type Sphere of Influence
Sphere Center My LCS 钃
Sphere Radius 10. mm
Element Size 0.3 mm 钃

ANSYS
39
 Sizing : Bodies of Influence _ Method

氣.Sizing
Bodies of influence (BOI) X Contact Sizing
..A Refinement
—Lines, surfaces and soHd bodies can be used to refine
曲 Mapped Face Meshing
the mesh 秘 Match Control

—Accessible when ASF is On 囑】Pinch

為 Inflation

A The ‘Body of Influence! itself will not be meshed ANSYS

40
 Mapped Face Meshing _ Method

氣.Sizing

• Creates structured meshes on selected mappable surfaces X Contact Sizing

..A Refinement

-Mapped Face Meshing with advanced control is supported for

曲 Mapped Face Meshing

• Sweep, Patch Conforming, Hexa Dominant 秘 Match Control

_ Pinch
• Quad Dominant and Triangles 為 Inflation

—Mapped Face Meshing with basic control is supportedfor

■
• MultiZone
• Uniform Quad/Tri and Uniform Quad
—RMB on Mesh and Show/Mappable Faces to displayall
mappable faces
々曲 Mapped Face Meshing

Details of "Mapped Face Meshing" - Mapped Face M... 무

曰 Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Face 져^^^■
曰 Definition
Suppressed No
Constrain Boundary No
- Advanced
Specified Sides None
Specified Corners None 석^ 제^

Specified Ends None

广.、 If Mapped Face Meshing fails, icon appears adjacent to corresponding object
in the Tree outline. The mesh will still be created but will ignore this control. ANSYS
41v
 Mapped Face Meshing: Vertex Type
'Side' 'Corner7 and 'End' controls for vertices, to define strategyfor [_] Method

Mapping 氣.Sizing
X Contact Sizing
Side vertex End vertex
..A Refinement
Details of "Mapped Face Meshii
Scope 曲 Mapped Face Meshing
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
닐 Match Control
Geometry 1 Face _ Pinch
Definition
為 Inflation
Suppressed No
Method Quadrilaterals
Constrain Boundary No
VertexType Intersecting Grid Lines Angle Between Edges
Advanced
Specified Sides 1 Vertex 钃 End 0 0° — 135°
Specified Corners None
Side 1 136° -224°
Specified Ends None 钃
Corner 2 225° -314°

42
CEE ANSYS
 Mapped Face Meshing: Example

Vertex type is dependant to the attached face =>

the mesh can be individually controlled on all faces

ANSYS
43
 Mapped Face Meshing: Radial No. of Divisions
_ Method
If face is defined by two loops, then the "Radial Number of Divisions"
氣.Sizing
field is activated X Contact Sizing

• Specify the number of divisions across the annular region .■■습' Refinement

曲 Mapped Face Meshing

• Useful for creating number of layers across an annulus
秘 Match Control
_ Pinch
fy Inflation

白…多哦I Mesh
'蜘 Sweep Method
;曲 Mapped Face Meshing

Details of "Mapped Face Meshing" - Mapped Face Mes... 무

Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Face Mapped face is swept to create
Definition
pure hex mesh
Suppressed No
■ Radial Number of Divisions

ANSYS
44
 Match C이itrol
_ Method
• Define periodicity on faces (3D) or edges (2D)
氣.Sizing
• The two faces or edges should be topologically and geometrically the same X Contact Sizing

• A match control can only be assigned to one unique face/edge pair ..A Refinement

• Match controls are not supported with Post Inflation Algorithm 皿 M.jppEid Face Meshing
秘 Match Control
• Match Control with Patch Independent tetrahedrons not supported yet 吻 Pinch
為 Inflation
— Two types of match controls available:
• Cyclic and
• Arbitrary
一 Not available for CutCell meshing

Details of "Match Control" - Match Control 무

Scope
High Geometry Selection 1 Face
Low Georrietry Selection 1 Face Matching face
Definition
mesh
Suppressed No
Transformation Cyclic ▼
Axis of Rotation
Arbitrary
Control Messages 1 uu

j\ If 'Match Control9 fails, f 'con appears adjacent to corresponding

Lj object in the outline Tree, however the mesh is created ignoring it ANSYS
45
 Match Control: Cyclic
_ Method
• Define Rotational periodic
氣.Sizing
X Contact Sizing
Full Model Cut Boundaries Periodic Model
f농''、Refinement

Model is symmetrical at 90° so slice the body along dotted lines inDesignModeler

Match Control

Details of "Match Control" - Match Control 무

- Scope
High Geometry Selection 1 Face ◄--------
Low Geometry Selection 1 Face ◄--------
- Definition
Suppressed No
Transformation Q■■■대 c ◄--------
Axis of Rotation Global Coordinate System 따
Control Messages No
ANSYS
46
 Match Control: Arbitrary
• Two faces or edges to be matched, can be arbitrarily located

Full Model : Tube Banks

Symmetric + Periodic Model Face Mesh before 'Match ControP

Model extracted through ‘Slice’

operation in DM
Face Mesh after 'Match ControP

Details of "Match Control" - Match Control 무

- Scope
High Geometry Selection 1 Face
Low Geometry Selection 1 Face
- Definition
Suppressed No
Transformation Arbitrary
High Coordinate System Global Coordinate System 4 1-------- Coordinate systems need
Low Coordinate System Coordinate System ◄ —
Control Messages No to be suitably defined at
the faces to be matched Matching face mesh ANSYS
47
 Pinch
_ Method

氣.Sizing

• To improve quality Pinch control X Contact Sizing

..A Refinement
removes small features (edges or
曲 Mapped Face Meshing
narrow regions) at the mesh level __ Match Contml

• The Pinch feature is supported 囑】Pinch

A Inflation一

for the foHowing mesh methods:

• Patch Conforming Tetrahedrons
• Thin Solid Sweeps
• Hex Dominant meshing
• Quad Dominant Surface Meshing
• Triangles Surface meshing
-Not supported for CutCdl
meshing
—More details in lecture 5 “Mesh
Quality”

ANSYS
48
 Inflation
Used to generate prism layers (as explained in Global settings chapter) _ Method

氣.Sizing
Inflation layer can be appHed to faces or bodies using respectively edgesor X Contact Sizing
faces as the boundary .■■습' Refinement

曲 Mapped Face Meshing

白 잇您 Mesh
'蜘 Sweep Method Inflation layer grown on edge boundary (red) 秘 Match Control
囑】Pinch

Details of "Inflation" - Inflation 早

fy Inflation

Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Face
Definition
Suppressed No
Boundary Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Boundary 1 Edge 衊
Inflation Option First Layer Thickness
口 First Layer Height 2.5e-002 m
[Maximum Layers 4
Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre

Inflation layer grown on face boundary (red)

Details of "Inflation" - Ir
曰 Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Body 卜^^^
Definition
Suppressed No
Boundary Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Boundary 9 Faces •빼^^^■
Inflation Option First Layer Thickness
[First Layer Height 2.5e-002 m
[Maximum Layers 5
[Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre ANSYS
49
 Workshop 4 - Local Mesh Controls

ANSYS
50
 Appendix

Contents
• Edge, Face & Body Sizing Options
• Sizing: Sphere of Influence
• Contact Sizing
• Refinement
• Inflation
• Object generator for copying mesh settings to like bodies

ANSYS
51
 Edge, Face and Body Sizing Options
Curvature Normal Angle
Maximum allowable angle that one element edge is allowed tospan

Available only when Use Advanced Size Function is set to either On: Proximity and Curvature
or On: Curvature
You can specify a value from 0 to 180 degrees or accept the default. (A value of 0 resets the
option to its default.)
The default is calculated based on the values of the Relevance and Span Angle Center options

Growth Rate

Represents the increase in element edge length with each succeeding layer of elements. (For
example, a growth rate of 1.2 results in a 20% increase in element edge length with each
succeeding layer of elements.)
Available when Use Advanced Size Function ison

Specify a value from 1 to 5 or accept the default

The default is calculated based on the values of the Relevance and Transition options

Must be always lower or equal the global growth rate ANSYS

52
 Sizing : Sphere of Influence
Sphere of Influence : on Edges _ Method

氣.Sizing
—Available only if Advanced Size Function isOFF
X. Contact Sizing

— Use coordinate system to define the center of the Sphere f농''、Refinement

曲 Mapped Face Meshing

秘 Match Control
_ Pinch

白'木 Coordinate Systems 為 Inflation

'木 Global Coordinate System
'永 My LCS
'象 Connections
白、身Mesh__________
'하 I載9自■超!

Details of "Edge Sizing" - Sizing 무

S Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Edge
曰 Definition
Suppressed No
Type Sphere of Influence
Sphere Center My LCS —
Sphere Radius 6.5 mm •서^^^■

:Element Size 0.3 mm <

Mesh on the entity and other

proximity entities that lies within
the sphere o^influence js affected

ANSYS
53
 Sizing : Sphere of Influence
Sphere of Influence : on Faces _ Method

氣.Sizing
—Available only if Advanced Size Function is OFF X. Contact Sizing一
..A Refinement
一 Elements within the sphere will have given average elemen
曲 Mapped Face Meshing
— Use coordinate system to define the center of the sphere 秘 Match Control

白…'》^ Coordinate Systems 囑】Pinch

……'本 Global Coordinate System 為 Inflation
，本『마■一LC5

Details of "Face Sizing " - Sizing 꾸

- Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Face 钃
- Definition
Suppressed No
Type Sphere of Influence
Sphere Center My LCS
Sphere Radius 10. mm
=Element Size 0.3 mm

Details of "Face Sizing" - Sizing 무

- Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 3 Faces •빼^^^—
- Definition 4-
Suppressed No '丁
Type Sphere of Influence
Sphere Center My LCS
Sphere Radius 10. mm
=Element Size 0.3 mm

ANSYS
54
 Contact Sizing
_ Method
• Generates similar-sized elements on contact faces between parts
氣.Sizing
—Two options X. Contact Sizing

Refinement
• Element Size. The size of the elements on contact faces respects the value
of Element Size specified 曲 Mapped Face Meshing

秘 Match Control
• Relevance. The size of the elements on contact faces are determined _ Pinch
internally by spheres of influence with automatic determination of radius 為 Inflation

and size depending on the value of specified Relevance

一 Not available for CutCell Meshing Details of "Contact Sizing" - Contact Sizing
B Scope
早

Contact Region Contact Region

S Definition
-Geometry
Suppressed Tno
..….내. ® P.3rt_contactl |Type | Element Size ▼
. ..ᆻ.® P.3rt_contact2 Element Size | Relevance
Element Size

'电 Connections
白…..Contacts

白"…yl數Mesh
Patch Conforming Method
Body Sizing

Details of "Contact Region" 무

B Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Contact 2 Faces
Target 2 Faces
Contact Bodies Part_contactl
Target Bodies Part contact2

ANSYS
55
 Contact Sizing
_ Method

•Note that the mesh is still non-conformal across the contact region 氣.Sizing

스스
X. Contact Sizing
/|\ • To insert a Contact Sizing in the Mesh tree select the contact region
Refinement
L from Contacts list and drag it to Mesh object, or use RMB on the
曲 Mapped Face Meshing
Mesh 祕 Match Control

白.…；场 Connections
白…..〆® Contacts
..'氏 Contact Region
白. '物 Mesh
Patch Conforming Method
Body Sizing
Contact Sizing

Details of "Contact Sizing" - Contact Sizing 早

曰 Scope
Contact Region Contact Region
曰 Definition
Suppressed No
Type Element Size
Element Size 15. mm

白.…嫩 Connections
白…'〆fel Contacts
네，、Contact Region
曰. Mesh
Patch Conforming Method
Body Sizing
Contact Sizing

Details of "Contact Sizing" - Contact Sizing

曰 Scope
Contact Region Contact Region
曰 Definition
Suppressed No
Type Relevance
二
Relevance 120
ANSYS
56
 Refinement
• Valid for only for faces or edges _ Method

• Not available for Patch Independent Tetrahedrons, CutCell, Unif아m 氣.Sizing

X Contact Sizing
Uniform Quad meshing methods
Refinement

• Refinement is applied after the creation of mesh with rest of the 曲 Mapped Face Meshing

settings 秘 Match Control

_ Pinch
• Refinement level can vary from 1 (minimal) to 3 (maximum) 為 Inflation

・ A refinement level of "1〃 breaks up the edges of the elements into half
一 The Refinement control may be automatically suppressed when use inflation
depending on how the inflation/refinement is used. See the user's Guide fordetails

A Resultant mesh may be of poor quality

Refinement

Details of "Refinement" - Refinement 무

- Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 2 Faces
- Definition
Suppressed No
Refinement 2

Only the selected face is affected and rest is almostunchanged ANSYS

57
 Inflation
ANSYS
Details of "Inflation" - Inflation 早
Transition Ratio: Attempts to match the size _ Method

曰 I Scope of last prism layer with that 氣.Sizing

Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Body of next let cell X Contact Sizing

Definition .■■습' Refinement

Suppressed No
Boundary Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Growth Rate: It determines the relative 曲 Mapped Face Meshing
Boundary
Inflation Option
5 Faces
Smooth Transition
thickness of adjacent inflation 秘 Match Control
囑】Pinch
Transition Ratio Default (0.272) 了 layers fy Inflation
「I Maximum Layers 5
[Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre 1_ransition Ratio: 0.5 Transition Ratio: 0.8
cGrowth Rate: 1.2 Growth Rate: 1.2

산 二
Defaults: Transition Ratio: 0.272
Growth Rate: 1.2

k
: ■‘
k
11 니

1 ransition Ratio: 0.27 Transition Ratio: 0.27

(Srowth Rate: 1.1 Growth Rate: 1.4 ANSYS
58
 Object Generator
Object generator aHows user to copy tree objects attached to
an entity to several entities.
Entities may or may not be similar. However, this works best for
copying mesh settings on similar entities.
With mesh controls, it provides an easy way to assign similar
controls to a group of objects.
白.....:身 Mesh
MultiZone
Inflation

MultiZone ANSYS
V脚 121:새 F

圈 MuteZone ■ MultiZone

Inftethn ANSYS ANSYS

5/15/20121:481

囿 Wtation

There are 4 similar bolt bodies on

In this example, multiple mesh controls are which these mesh settings can be
used to define mesh for a bolt body copied easily using Object Generator ANSYS
59
影
 Object Generator
To use the Object Generator:
- In the standard toolbar, click the View Object Generator | ■시 | button to view the Object
Generator window.
- In the Tree Outline, select the mesh control to be copied.
- In the Geometry window, select the geometry to which the mesh control should be copied in the
Object Generator window.
一 In the Object Generator window, select any required options and press Generate.
津 因 函 ▼ (겋? Worksheet
File

T
Edit View Units

T
Tools

® 面 ®
Help ! Generate Mesh t fibt
For mesh controls requiring multiple geometry,
楼 Wireframe
〆 Show Vertices

Mesh Update 物 Mesh ▼

II Edge Coloring ▼

氣 Mesh Control ▼
과 H |**| Thicken Annotations 木 M Random Cobrs ^Annotation Pr
primary set of entities should be selected in
Outline 早
MultiZone ANSYS
Mechanical Application Wizard 早X "Generate From”. The entities for rest of the
Filter Name ▼ © 쇼］I百 5/15/2012 9:05 PM R14.5 Object Generator
i죠1 Project
白承 Model (A3) I I MultiZone
Select tree objects to use as a template, and
select geometry to be used as scoping.
inputs can be grouped in Named Selections.
Fl Geometry
$•Coordinate Systems Generate From: | Current Selection 이
田'电 Connections Source: Source_Faces ZT
白 •섬彭
망 For example, in this case input for “Source"
三］
Scope To:
Ignore Original:
I Adjacent Entities
17
comes from set of source faces grouped in
Name Prefix:

Apply Tag:
"Source_Faces〃 Named Selection. This can be
Objects will be created for all selected bodies.
Any source and target geometry on the
created based on instance information if it exists,
selected bodies will also be used.
Details of "MultiZone" - Method
Generate I
or similar sized faces, etc. See slides on Named
Scope
Scoping Method
Geometry
Geometry Selection
1 Body
Selection Worksheet. Similarly, Named Selection
Definition
Suppressed No
can be provided for“~farget".
Method MultiZone
Mapped Mesh Type
Surface Mesh Method
Hexa/Prism
Program Controlled
鄕 Mesh
Free Mesh Type Not Allowed
Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting MultiZone
Section Planes
jU.OO (mm)
Inflation
01 i> x <
MultiZone 2
、Geometry/〈Print Preview/
MultiZone 3
ANSYS
Press Fl for Help No Me 4 Bodies Selected: Volume = 9648. mma Metric (mm, kg, N, s, mV, mA) Degrees r

60
MultiZone 4
 Object Generator
For copying inflation settings, two sets of entities will be required, first one for “Geometry" on
which inflation needs to be applied and second one for "Boundary". Here, set of faces for
“Boundary" is grouped in “INF〃 Named Selection.
File Edit View Units Tools Help Generate Mesh 亡调 Rbt 因 画▼ [^Worksheet i、

망 〒 ® ® ® S *1* Q 或 國 兑 : 眾 t쌘! ® § _冬 口 ▼
戶〆 Show Vertices 楼 Wireframe II Edge Coloring ▼ 〆▼ 〆▼ 〆▼ _〆▼ 〆 |卜|| |-| Thicken Annotations 4‘ H Random Colors 必 Annotation Pr

Mesh Update 物 Mesh ▼取.Mesh Control ▼

Outline 早 Mechanical Application Wizard 早 x

© 소］「굽
Inflation ANSYS
Filter: Name ▼ Otject Generator
5/15/2012 9:22 PM
酶I Project Select tree objects to use as a template, and
白 현 Model (A3) H Inflati select geometry to be used as scoping.
± '物 Geometry
由…..'木 Coordinate Systems Generate From:
囝嫩 Connections Boundary:
•扁 Mesh
.扇]MultiZone Scope To:

Ignore Original:

I••••••.MultiZone 3 Name Prefix:

'物 MultiZone 4 Apply Tag:

白-咏 Named Selections
Objects will be created for all selected bodies.
……•'咏 Source_Faces
Any source and target geometry on the
selected bodies will also be used.

Details of "Inflation" - Inflation

Generate MultiZone
Scope Inflation
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Body MultiZone 2
Definition
Suppressed No
MultiZone 3
Boundary Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Boundary 5 Faces
MultiZone 사
Inflation Option Smooth Transition Inflation 2
Transition Ratio Default (0.272)
C Maximum Layers 2 |
Inflation 3
Section Planes 』幻 Inflation 4
0.00 30.00 (mm)
i ga ft x ♦

'Geometry/(Print Preview/
ANSYS
61
 Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

Module 5: Mesh Quality

ANSYS
62
 Mesh Quality

What you will learn from this presentation

• Impact of the Mesh Quality on the Solution

• Quality criteria
• Methods for checking the mesh quality
• Tools to improve quality in Meshing
• Pinch
• Virtual topology

ANSYS
63
 Preprocessing Workflow

Meshing Solver

A Meshing A ▼ A

Methods 1 国 Fluid Flow (CFX)

2 0 Geornefry a
Hybrid Mesh: Tet,
Prisms, Pyramids 3 翁 Mesh
4 袋 Setup
Hexa Dominant,
Sweep meshing 5 5胞 Solution

Assembly
6 당 Results
Meshing
Fluid Flow
Global Mesh
Settings

Check Mesh
Quality

ANSYS
64
 Meshing Process in ANSYS Meshing

Specify Global Mesh Settings

Insert Local Mesh Settings

Preview & Generate Mesh

ANSYS
65
 Impact of the Mesh Quality

Good quaHty mesh means that...

・ Mesh quality criteria are within correct range
一 Or比ogonal quaHty •••
・ Mesh is valid for studied physics
—Boundary layer...
・ Solution is grid independent
・ Important geometric details are well captured

Bad quality mesh can cause;

・ Convergence difficulties
・ Bad physic description
・ Diffuse solution

User must...
Check quality criteria and improve grid if needed
Think about model and solver settings before generating thegrid
Perform mesh parametric study, mesh adaption... ANSYS
66
 Impact of the Mesh Quality on the
Solution

Example showing
difference between a
mesh with cells
failing the quality
criteria and a good
mesh
Unphysical values in
vicinity of poor
quality cells

ANSYS
67
 Impact of the Mesh Quality on the Solution
• Diffusion example
(max,avg )cskew=(0_91 2,0.291)
(max,avg)cAR=(62.731,7.402)

VzM|N»-90ft/min
Vz g600ft/min

change
(max,avg)CSKEW=(0.801,0.287)
(max,avg)CAR=(8.153,1.298)
义V▽가%쇼크米표남 W Y구「大—V、A｛저

Z
u VzM|N--100ft/min
VzMAXg400ft/min
ANSYS
Grid Dependency

DPO DPI DP 2 DP3 DP 4

1_________
Nb Cells 500 3 000 24 000 \^90000 x8 니〉

Solution run with

multiple meshes
Note : For all runs the
computed Y+ is valid
for wall function (first
cell not in laminar Parameter Chart 0

zone)

ANSYS
 Grid Dependency

Hexa cells can be stretched in

stream direction to reduce
number of cells
Bias defined on inletand
outlet walls
Bias defined on inlet edges

-16 000 ceHs (~DP2》

-Delta P = 310 Pa (~DP3》

ANSYS
70
 Hexa vs. Tetra

Hexa: Concentration in one direction Hexa

一 Angles unchanged

Tetra: Concentration in one direction

1^3 1^5 I당1
一 Angles change
Tetra
Prism: Concentration in one direction
一 Angles unchanged
Solution for boundary layer
A 소노
Prism
—

resolution
一 Hybrid prism/tetra meshes

一 Prism in near-wall region, tetra in volume

—Automated
— Reduced CPU-time for good
boundary layer resolution X7 \ Tetra ( in volume!

穴
4

ANSYS
71
 Mesh Statistics and Mesh Metrics
Displays mesh information for Nodes and Elements

List of quality criteria for the Mesh Metric

・ Select the required criteria to get details for quality
• It shows minimum, maximum, average and standard deviation

Different physics and different solvers have different requirements for

mesh quality

Mesh metrics available in ANSYS Meshinginclude:

—Element Quality
—Aspect Ratio 曰 Statistics
Nodes 219
—Jacobean Ration Elements 88
Nodes
[Elements
17973
91020
—Warping Factor Mesh Metric Orthogonal Quality ▼ Mesh Metric Orthogonal Quality

Min Jacobian Ratio 人 □ Min 0.232336378900267

—Parallel Deviation Max
Warping Factor □ Max 0.993658044699929
Parallel Deviation [Average 0.850623612128101
—Maximum Corner Angle Average Maximum Corner Angle [Standard Deviation 8.69790479924024E-02
Standard Deviation Skewness
—Skewness ^Orthogonal Quality V

—Orthogonal Quality
For Multi-Body Parts，go to corresponding body in Tree Outline
to get its separate mesh statistics per part/body

A ANSYS
72
 Mesh Quality Metrics
Orthogonal Quality (OQ)
On cell On face
Derived directly from

Fluent solver discretization

• For a cell it is the minimum of:

Ai • fi Ai • Ci

I ^11 fi\ Mdkl

computed for each face /

For the face it is computed as the minimum of | 최 | 지 computed for each edge/

Where At is the face normal vector and //is a vector from the centroid of the cell to the centroid
of that face, and c/is a vector from the centroid of the cell to the centroid of the adjacent cell,
where e； is the vector from the centroid of the face to the centroid of the edge

At boundaries and internal walls

c/is ignored in the computations of OQ

ANSYS
si
 Mesh Quality Metrics
Optimal (equilateral) cell
Skewness
Two methods for determining skewness:
1. Equilateral Volume deviation:

Skewness = optimal cell size - cell size

optimal cell size
Applies only for triangles and tetrahedrons

2. Normalized Angle deviation:

하nax _ 么 鋒 - 하nin
Skewness = max
180—佐 ’ 一一 Q
tZmin

Where 쏘 is the equiangular face/cell (60 for

tets and tris, and 90 for quads and hexas)
一 Applies to all cell and face shapes
0 1
— Used for hexa, prisms and pyramids Perfect Worst
ANSYS
74
 Mesh Quality
Mesh quality recommendations
Low Orthogonal Quality or high skewness values are not recommended

GeneraHy try to keep minimum orthogonal quaHty > 0.1, or maximum skewness < 0.95.
However these values may be different depending on the physics and the location
of the cell

Fluent reports negative cell volumes if the mesh contains degenerate cells

Skewness mesh metrics spectrum

Excellent Very good Good Acceptable Bad Unacceptable

0-0.25 0.25-0.50 0.50-0.80 0.80-0.94 0.95-0.97 0.98-1.00

Orthogonal Quality mesh metrics spectrum

1Unacceptable Bad Acceptable Good Very good Excellent

1
0-0.001 0.001-0.14 0.15-0.20 0.20-0.69 0.70-0.95 0.95-1.00 ■ ANSYS
75
 Aspect Ratio

2-D:
• Length / height ratio:

3-D
• Area ratio
• Radius ratio of circumscribed / inscribed
circle

Limitation for some iterative solvers

• A< 10 ... 100
• (CFX: < 1000)

Large aspect ratio are accepted where

there is no strong transverse
gradient (boundary layer...)
ANSYS
76 沿餅방앙坧班S驟?越
Mesh auality: skewness
• Two methods for determining
skewness:
1. Based on the equilateral
volume:
optimal cell size - cell size
—1——「「二------
• Skewness = ----------- ；—
optimal cell size

• Applies only to triangles and

tetrahedra.
• Default method for tris and tets.

2. Based on the deviation from a

normalized equilateral angle: rg _ qq
• Skewness (for a quad) = max — ，

• Applies to all cell and face

shapes.
• Always used for prisms and
pyramids.
24
Eauiangle skewness
・ Common measure of quality is based on equiangle skew.
• Definition of equiangle skew:

쇴max _ ❷e 汐e 一 딨min
max
180-氏'一——

where:
0 max = largest angle in face or cell.
-0 min = smallest angle in face or cell.
-e e = angle for equiangular face or cell.
• e.g・，60 for triangle, 90 for square.
• Range of skewness:

o 1
best worst
Mesh auality: smocdhness and aspect ratio
• Change in size should be gradual (smooth).

smooth change large jump in

in cell size cell size

・ Aspect ratio is ratio of longest edge length to shortest edge

length. Equal to 1 (ideal) for an equilateral triangle or a square,

high-aspect-ratio quad

aspect ratio = 1 high-aspect-ratio triangle

26
Striving for duality
• A poor quality grid will cause inaccurate solutions and/or slow
convergence.
• Minimize equiangle skew:
-Hex and quad cells: skewness should not exceed 0.85.
- Tri’s: skewness should not exceed 0.85.
一 Tets: skewness should not exceed 0.9.
• Minimize local variations in cell size:
- E.g. adjacent cells should not have ‘size ratio’ greater than 20%.
• If such violations exist: delete mesh, perform necessary
decomposition and/or pre-mesh edges and faces, and remesh.

Value of 0-0.25 0.25-0.50 0.50-0.80 0.80-0.95 0.95-0.99 0.99-1.00

Skewness
Cell Quality excellent good acceptable poor sliver degenerate
Grid design guidelines: resolution
• Pertinent flow features should be adequately resolved.

flow inadequate better

• Cell aspect ratio (width/height) should be near one where flow is

multi-dimensional.
・ Quad/hex cells can be stretched where flow is fully-developed
and essentially one-dimensional.

Flow Direction
OK!

28
Grid design guidelines: smoothness
• Change in cell/element size should be gradual (smooth).

smooth change sudden change

in cell size in cell size — AV이D!

• Ideally, the maximum change in grid spacing should be <20%:

J < Y— 夕 ^^<1.2
△xi+i
AXl

29
Grid design guidelines: total cell count
• More cells can give higher accuracy. The downside is increased
memory and CPU time,
• To keep cell count down:
- Use a non-uniform grid to cluster cells only where they are needed.
- Use solution adaption to further refine only selected areas.
• Cell counts of the order:
-1E4 are relatively small problems.
-1E5 are intermediate size problems.
-1E6 are large. Such problems can be efficiently run using multiple
CPUs, but mesh generation and post-processing may become slow.
-1E7 are huge and should be avoided if possible. However, they are
common in aerospace and automotive applications.

30
Solution adaDtion
How do you ensure adequate grid resolution, when you don’t
necessarily know the flow features? Solution-based grid adaption!
The grid can be refined or coarsened by the solver based on the
developing flow:
-Solution values.
-Gradients.
-Along a boundary.
—Inside a certain region.

31
Grid adaption
• Grid adaption adds more cells where needed to resolve the flow
field.
• Fluent adapts on cells listed in register. Registers can be defined
based on:
一 Gradients of flow or user-defined variables.
一 Isovalues of flow or user-defined variables.
-All cells on a boundary.
-All cells in a region.
-Cell volumes or volume changes.
-y+ in cells adjacent to walls.
• To assist adaption process, you can:
-Combine adaption registers.
-Draw contours of adaption function.
-Display cells marked for adaption.
-Limit adaption based on cell size and number of cells.
32
AdaDtion example: final grid and solution

2D planar shell - final grid 2D planar shell - contours of pressure

final grid

33
Main sources of errors
• Mesh too coarse.
• High skewness.
• Large jumps in volume between adjacent cells.
• Large aspect ratios.
• Interpolation errors at non-conformal interfaces.
• Inappropriate boundary layer mesh.

34
 Smoothness
Checked in solver
• Volume Change in Fluent
-Available in Adapt/Volume
一

Recommendation:
Expansion Factor in CFX Good: 1.0 < ct < 1.5
一 Checked during mesh import Fair: 1.5 < a < 2.5
- Ratio of largest to smallest element volumes Poon a > 5 ... 20
surrounding a node

ANSYS
88
 Mesh Metric Graph

Controls
Tet4 —» Wed6

Displays Mesh Metrics graph for the

element quality distribution
Different element types are plotted
with different color bars
Can be accessed through menu bar
using Metric Graph button
■■I JVIet『ic Graph
Axis range can be adjusted using
controls button (details next slide)

Click on bars to view corresponding

elements in the graphics window
— Use to help locate poor quality
elements

ANSYS
89
 Mesh Metric Graph Controls
Controls

Elements on Y-Axis can be plotted

with two methods;
一 Number of Elements Y-Axis Option: Number of Elements 二］
一 Percentage of Volume/Area Number of Bars:
p10 Update Y-Axis

Options to change the range on Range

either axis Min Max

X-Axis |0.219517 |o.999736 Reset |

Specify which element types to
include in graph Y-Axis |0 (60385 Reset |
— Tet4 = 4 Node Linear Tetrahedron
一 Hex8 = 8 Node Linear Hexahedron rTetlO !7Tet4「Quad8 r Quad4
一 Wed6 = 6 Node Linear Wedge (Prism) r Hex20 「Hex8 厂 Tri6 「Tri3
rWedlS !7Wed6
— Pyr5 = 5 Node Linear Pyramid r Pyrl3 r Pyr5
Select All

一 Quad4 = 4 Node Linear Quadrilateral

— Tri3 = 3 Node Linear Triangle
• TelO, Hex20, Wed 15, Pyrl3, Quad8 &
Tri6 non-linear elements ANSYS
90
 Section Planes
Section Planes
Displays internal elements of the mesh
Elements on either side of plane can be displayed 」亡，a X*
1171 Section Plane 1

Toggle between cut or whole elements display

• Elements on the plane
Edit Section Plane button | i為 |can be used to drag section plane to new location
• Clicking on “Edit Section Plane” button will make section plane's anchor to appear

Multiple section planes are allowed

91
L 포、 For large meshes, it is advisable to switch to geometry mode (click on geometry in the Tree Outline),
create the section plane and then go back to mesh model
ANSYS
 Mesh Quality Check for CFX

The CFX solver calculates 3 important measures of mesh

quality at the start of a run and updates them each timethe
mesh is deformed
Mesh Orthogonality
Aspect Ratio
Expansion Factor

Good
(OK)

Acceptable
(ok)

Questionable
(!)
ANSYS
92
 Mesh Quality Check for Fluent
용 G:mesh dependancy FLUENT [3d, pbns, sstkw] [ANSYS CFD]
Grid check tools available File Mesh Define Solve Adapt Surface Display Report Parallel View Help

• Check : Perform various mesh consistency ［흐卜:■♦있 하기

checks Problem Setup General

Mesh
• Report Quality: lists worse values of Models
Materials Scale... Check ■ Report (갛

orthogonal quality and aspect ratio Phases

Cell Zone Conditions
Display...

Boundary Conditions
• TUI command mesh/check-verbosity sets Mesh Interfaces
Solver

Dynamic Mesh Ve ocity Formulatioi

the level of details in the report Reference Values @ Pressure-Based
O Density-Based
(♦' Absolute
O Relative
Solution
Solution Methods
Time
Solution Controls
@ Steady
Monitors
O Transient
Solution Initialization
Calculation Activities I I Gravity
Run Calculation
Results
Domain Extents:
x-coordinate: min (n) -1.349580e-01, max ⑻ 8.0매0매e-01 Graphics and Animations I Help I
y-coordinate: min (m) -2.407051e-81, max ⑻ 1.350000e-01 Plots
z-coordinate: min (m) -3.500O0Oe-02, max (n) 3.500OO0e-O2 Reports
Uolume statistics:
minimum volume (m3): 2.067421e-08
maximum uolume (m3): 3.187442e-07
total uolume (m3): 5.925829e-03
Face area statistics:
minimum face area (m2): 6.187846e-06
maximum face area (m2): 1.274684e-04
Checking mesh
Done ■

Mesh Quality:
Orthogonal Quality ranges Fron 0 to 1, where ualues close to 0 correspond to low quality.
Minimum Orthogonal Quality = 9.99641e-01
Maximum Aspect Ratio = 2.83929e+01

ANSYS
93
 Factors Affecting Quality

Geometry problems
Geometry cleanup in Design Modeler
・ Small edge
i=> or
・ Gaps
Virtual topology & pinch in Meshing
・ Sharp angle

Meshing parameters
• Sizing Function On / Off
• Min size too large
I=> Mesh^setting change
• Inflation parameters
一 Total height
一 Maximum angle
• Hard sizing

Meshing methods
I=> Mesh setting change
• Patch conformal or patch independent tetra
• Sweep or Multizone
• Cutcell
ANSYS
94
 Workshops 5

Automotive Aero

ANSYS
95