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    Lec 6

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    The document discusses three thermodynamic cycles - the Diesel cycle, the dual cycle, and the constant pressure cycle. The Diesel cycle involves adiabatic compression, constant pressure heat addition, adiabatic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. The dual cycle combines aspects of the Otto and Diesel cycles, with heat added partly at constant volume and partly at constant pressure. The constant pressure cycle differs from the Otto cycle in that heat is supplied at constant pressure rather than constant volume. It involves adiabatic compression, constant pressure heat addition, adiabatic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. Examples are provided to calculate efficiency for engines operating on these cycles.

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    Lec 6

    Uploaded by

    Hshwhssh
    30 views34 pages
    The document discusses three thermodynamic cycles - the Diesel cycle, the dual cycle, and the constant pressure cycle. The Diesel cycle involves adiabatic compression, constant pressure heat addition, adiabatic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. The dual cycle combines aspects of the Otto and Diesel cycles, with heat added partly at constant volume and partly at constant pressure. The constant pressure cycle differs from the Otto cycle in that heat is supplied at constant pressure rather than constant volume. It involves adiabatic compression, constant pressure heat addition, adiabatic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. Examples are provided to calculate efficiency for engines operating on these cycles.

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    lec.6

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    The document discusses three thermodynamic cycles - the Diesel cycle, the dual cycle, and the constant pressure cycle. The Diesel cycle involves adiabatic compression, constant pressure heat addition, adiabatic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. The dual cycle combines aspects of the Otto and Diesel cycles, with heat added partly at constant volume and partly at constant pressure. The constant pressure cycle differs from the Otto cycle in that heat is supplied at constant pressure rather than constant volume. It involves adiabatic compression, constant pressure heat addition, adiabatic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. Examples are provided to calculate efficiency for engines operating on these cycles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views34 pages

    Lec 6

    Uploaded by

    Hshwhssh
    The document discusses three thermodynamic cycles - the Diesel cycle, the dual cycle, and the constant pressure cycle. The Diesel cycle involves adiabatic compression, constant pressure heat addition, adiabatic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. The dual cycle combines aspects of the Otto and Diesel cycles, with heat added partly at constant volume and partly at constant pressure. The constant pressure cycle differs from the Otto cycle in that heat is supplied at constant pressure rather than constant volume. It involves adiabatic compression, constant pressure heat addition, adiabatic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. Examples are provided to calculate efficiency for engines operating on these cycles.

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    of 34

    The Constant Pressure Cycle

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    The Diesel cycle
    This cycle was introduced by Dr. R. Diesel in 1897. It differs from Otto cycle in
    that heat is supplied at constant pressure instead of at constant volume. Fig. 8.1 (a
    and b) shows the p-v and T-s diagrams of this cycle respectively.
    This cycle comprises of the following operations:
    (i) 1-2......Adiabatic compression.
    (ii) 2-3......Addition of heat at constant pressure.
    (iii) 3-4......Adiabatic expansion.
    (iv) 4-1......Rejection of heat at constant volume.
    Point 1 represents that the cylinder is full of air. Let p1, V1 and T1 be the
    corresponding pressure, volume and absolute temperature. The piston then
    compresses the air adiabatically (i.e., pvγ = constant) till the values become p2, V2
    and T2 respectively (at the end of the stroke) at point 2. Heat is then added from a
    hot body at a constant pressure. During this addition of heat let volume increases
    from V2 to V3 and temperature T2 to T3, corresponding to point 3. This point (3) is
    called the point of cut-off. The air then expands adiabatically to the conditions p4,
    V4 and T4 respectively corresponding to point 4. Finally, the air rejects the heat to
    the cold body at constant volume till the point 1 where it returns to its original
    state.

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    1 𝜌𝛾 − 1
    𝜂 =1−
    𝑟 𝛾−1 𝛾 𝜌−1

    Q\ Prove that 𝜂 = in Diesel cycle

    Example 1. A diesel engine has a compression ratio of 15 and heat addition at


    constant pressure takes place at 6% of stroke. Find the air standard efficiency of
    the engine. Take γ for air as 1.4.
    Solution.

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    Example 2. An engine with 200 mm cylinder diameter and 300 mm stroke works
    on theoretical Diesel cycle. The initial pressure and temperature of air used are 1
    bar and 27°C. The cut-off is 8% of the stroke. Determine:
    (i) Pressures and temperatures at all salient points.
    (ii) Theoretical air standard efficiency.
    (iii) Mean effective pressure.
    (iv) Power of the engine if the working cycles per minute are 380.
    Assume that compression ratio is 15 and working fluid is air. Consider all
    conditions to be ideal.

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    The Dual cycle
    This cycle (also called the limited pressure cycle or mixed cycle) is a combination
    of Otto and Diesel cycles, in a way, that heat is added partly at constant volume
    and partly at constant pressure; the advantage of which is that more time is
    available to fuel (which is injected into the engine cylinder before the end of
    compression stroke) for combustion. Because of lagging characteristics of fuel this
    cycle is invariably used for diesel and hot spot ignition engines.

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    The dual combustion cycle (Fig. 8.2) consists of the following operations:
    (i) 1-2—Adiabatic compression
    (ii) 2-3—Addition of heat at constant volume
    (iii) 3-4—Addition of heat at constant pressure
    (iv) 4-5—Adiabatic expansion
    (v) 5-1—Rejection of heat at constant volume.

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    Example. The swept volume of a diesel engine working on dual cycle is 0.0053 m3
    and clearance volume is 0.00035 m3. The maximum pressure is 65 bar. Fuel
    injection ends at 5 per cent of the stroke. The temperature and pressure at the start
    of the compression are 80°C and 0.9 bar. Determine the air standard efficiency of
    the cycle. Take γ for air = 1.4.
    Solution.

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    Example. In an engine working on Dual cycle, the temperature and pressure at the
    beginning of the cycle are 90°C and 1 bar respectively. The compression ratio is 9.
    The maximum pressure is limited to 68 bar and total heat supplied per kg of air is
    1750 kJ. Determine:
    (i) Pressure and temperatures at all salient points
    (ii) Air standard efficiency
    (iii) Mean effective pressure.
    Solution.

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