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Sampling Methods PDF

This document discusses different sampling methods used in statistics. It defines sampling as selecting a subset of individuals from a population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. There are two main types of sampling methods discussed: probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling techniques ensure that all individuals in the population have an equal chance of being selected, while non-probability sampling does not. Specific probability sampling techniques described include simple random sampling, systematic random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and multi-stage sampling. Formulas for calculating sample sizes are also provided.

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Mary kris Lariosa
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64 views

Sampling Methods PDF

This document discusses different sampling methods used in statistics. It defines sampling as selecting a subset of individuals from a population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. There are two main types of sampling methods discussed: probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling techniques ensure that all individuals in the population have an equal chance of being selected, while non-probability sampling does not. Specific probability sampling techniques described include simple random sampling, systematic random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and multi-stage sampling. Formulas for calculating sample sizes are also provided.

Uploaded by

Mary kris Lariosa
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAMPLING METHODS

SAMPLING
 is concerned with the selection of a subset of individuals
from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics
of the whole population.

SAMPLING METHOD
 it is the process or the method of drawing a definite number
of the individual, cases or the observation from a particular
universe, selecting part of a total group for the investigation.
(Mildred Parton)
 is a procedure for selecting sample members from a
population.
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
 is a sampling technique in which sample from a larger
population are chosen using a method based on the theory
of probability.
 process of selecting a sampling in such a way that all
individuals in the defined population have an equal and
independent chance of being selected for the sample.

1. Simple Random Sampling


2. Systematic Random Sampling
3. Stratified Random Sampling
4. Cluster sampling
5. Multi-stage Sampling
Simple random sampling

 Simple random sampling is the most basic type of probability


sampling for selecting a specified number of units from a
population. It is a procedure in which every possible sample of a
certain size within a population has a known and equal probability
of being chosen as the study sample.
Example: Imagine that a researcher wants to understand more about the
career goals of instructors at a single university. Let's say that the university
has roughly 350 instructors .These 350 instructors are our population (N).
Each of the 350 instructors is known as a unit. In order to select a sample (n)
of instructors from this population of 350 instructors, we could choose to use
a simple random sampling.

To create a simple random sample, there are six steps:


(a) Identify or define the population;
(b) choosing your sample size or determine the desired sample size;
(c) listing the population;
(d) assigning numbers to the units;
(e) finding random numbers; and
(f) selecting your sample.
1. Step One: Identify the population.
For example, let us define the population as all the 350 teachers in
a single university.

2. Step Two: Determine the desired sample size.


Out of this population let’s imagine that we choose a sample size
of 126 instructors. The sample is expressed as n.

3. Step Three: List the Population.


Prepare a list of the members of the given population and number
the members consecutively from zero to the required number. For our
example, the names of the instructors comprising the population will
be numbered from 000,001, 002, etc., up to 349.
4. Step Four: Assign numbers to the units.

We will use the table of random numbers, and point at any number
(without looking at the table).For this number, look only at the appropriate
number of digits.

Since the population in our example is numbered from 000 to 349 (three
digits number), we look only at the last three digits of the first number we
point at. If this number corresponds to the number assigned to any of the
individuals is in the population, then that individual is in the sample. For
example, if the number is 127, then the member assigned 127 will be in the
sample. If the number selected is 427, it is ignored because the highest
number in the population list is 349.
5. Step Five: Find Random numbers.

From these number, you can read the table vertically (upward or
downward); horizontally( leftward or right ward) or diagonally. Record
those numbers which are in the population list and discard those
which are not. Continuing with our example, we record those
numbers between 000 and 349 and discard those which appeared a
second or more times. We stop the selection of the random numbers
when we have 126 such numbers.

6. Step Six: Select your sample.


Finally, we select which of the 350 instructors will be invited to take
part in the research.
2. Systematic Random Sampling
➢ The selection of the first element is at random and
the selection of the other elements in the sample is
systematic by subsequently taking every kth
element from the random start, where k is the
sampling interval.
3. Stratified Random Sampling
 Is a process done by dividing the population into strata
or categories and drawing the members at random
proportionate to each stratum or sub-group.
 is one obtained by separating the population elements
into non overlapping groups, called strata, and then
selecting a simple random sample from each stratum.
 The following example illustrates a situation in which stratified random
sampling may be appropriate.

EXAMPLE
An advertising firm, interested in determining how much to emphasize
television advertising in a certain county, decides to conduct a sample
survey to estimate the average number of hours each week that
households within the county watch television. The county contains two
towns, A and B, and a rural area. Town A is built around a factory, and
most households contain factory workers with school-age children.
Town B is an exclusive suburb of a city in a neighboring county and
contains older residents with few children at home. There are 155
households in town A, 62 in town B, and 93 in the rural area. Discuss the
merits of using stratified random sampling in this situation.
4. Cluster Sampling
➢ is suitable procedure if the population is spread out over
a wide geographical area.
➢ there is the division of population into no overlapping
groups or clusters consisting of one or more elements,
and then select a sample of clusters.
Suppose all the households of a city are to be studied. Suppose
also that the sample to be used is 20 percent. The city is
divided into clusters, the number and the sizes of which are
decided upon by the researcher. Suppose there are 40 clusters
or blocks, 20 percent of which are 8 clusters. The 8 clusters are
to be selected either by simple random sampling or by
systematic random sampling.
❑Is a more complex sampling technique a combination of
several sampling techniques that we have discussed.
❑It is used especially when the subjects of an investigation are
scattered all over a big geographical area.
This can be done in two or more stages. This method involves the
following steps:
1.Divide the population into strata. Say , the 5 colleges of EVSU
2.Divide each stratum into clusters. Say, the courses offered in each
colleges.
3.Draw a sample from each cluster using the simple random
sampling or systematic sampling.
Slovin’s formula
 Is used to calculate the sample size (n) given the
population size (N) and a margin of error (e).
 It’s a random sampling technique formula to estimate
sampling size
It is computed as;
𝑁
𝑛=
(1+𝑁𝑒 2 )
Where 𝑛 = number of samples
𝑁 = total number of population
𝑒 = margin of error
Ex.
A researcher plans to conduct a survey. If the population on High City is 2,000,
find the sample size if the margin of error is
a. 25%
b. 14%
c. 20%
d. 8%
e. 2%
Thank you and God Bless everyone
☺☺☺

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