Introduction to Computer

Programming
Chapter 6
File Input and Output
Tesfaye B

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 Outlines
 Creating a file
 Opening and Closing a file
 Reading and writing text files

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 Introduction
 Storage of data in memory is temporary.

 Files are used for data persistence—permanent

retention of data.
 sequential files

 random-access files.

 formatted-data file processing

 raw-data file processing.

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 Introduction cont…
 using the standard C++ library called fstream.
 Can crate, open, and modify text files.
 Data types for fstream:
 ifstream
 to read information from files.
 ofstream
 to create files and write information to the files.
 fstream
 to create files,
 write information to files, and
 read information from files.

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 Creating a file
 Steps :
 Include the header file fstream
 #include<fstream>
 Declare file stream object
 fstream Obje_name;
 fstream exampleFile;
 Open the file with the file stream object
 Obje_name.open(“filename.text”);
 exampleFile.open(“examplefile.text”);
 Use the file stream object with >>, <<
 Obje_name << string_variables of the message
 Close the files.
 obje_name.close()

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 Example: Create text file named “example1.text” with
message “file creation example”
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>// include fstream standard file
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ofstream fdec;// declaration of object with type ofstream
fdec.open("example1.txt");// crate and open file

string str ="file creation example";//message

fdec<< str;//Write string to the file

return 0;
}

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 Output:
 Text file named “example” will be created
 Opening the file we can see the message “ file creation
example”

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 Open and modify
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>// include fstream standard file
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ofstream fdec;// declaration of object with type ofstream
fdec.open("example1.txt");// crate and open file
string str ="file creation example";//message
fdec<< str;//Write string to the file
fdec.close();
//open and modify
fdec.open("example1.txt");
fdec <<"additional message";//replace the previous message
fdec.close();
return 0;
8 }
 Output

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 Opening and reading file
 A file must be opened before you can read from it or write to it.
 ofstream or fstream object
 void open(const char *filename, ios::openmode mode);
 the first argument specifies the name and location of the file to be
opened and
 the second argument of the open() member function defines the
mode in which the file should be opened.

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 Mode
 ios::app
 Append mode. All output to that file to be appended to the end.
 ios::ate
 Open a file for output and move the read/write control to the end of
the file.
 ios::in
 Open a file for reading.
 ios::out
 Open a file for writing.
 ios::trunc
 If the file already exists, its contents will be truncated before opening
the file.

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 Opening and reading file steps
 Steps :
 Include the header file fstream
 #include<fstream>
 Declare file stream object
 fstream Obje_name;
 fstream exampleFile;
 Open the file with the file stream object
 Obje_name.open(“filename.text”);
 exampleFile.open(“examplefile.text”);
 Close the files.
 obje_name.close()
 exampleFile.close

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 Example: open and read from
example1file.
// open and read
ifstream readObj; // declare object to read
readObj.open("example1.txt"); // open the file
string readMessage; // variable to store the message
readObj >> readMessage; // reading message
cout<< readMessage; // display the message

Output
additional

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 More Examples
 Program to write in a text file
#include<iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ofstream outObj;// create object
outObj.open("fileOut.txt");// open fileOut.text
outObj << "hello world!";// write on the file
outObj.close();// close the file
return 0;
}

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 Program to read from text file and display it
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ifstream readObj;
//open file from C:\Users\user\Desktop\New folder\example3
readObj.open("C:\\Users\\user\\Desktop\\New folder\\example3\\fileOut.txt");
char ch;
while(!readObj.eof())//check end of file
{
readObj.get(ch);// get each character
cout << ch;// display characters
}  Output
readObj.close();// close the file
return 0; hello world!
}

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 Characters counter
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ifstream readObj; //open file from C:\Users\user\Desktop\New folder\example3
readObj.open("C:\\Users\\user\\Desktop\\New folder\\example3\\fileOut.txt");
char ch;
int counter =0;
while(!readObj.eof())//check end of file
{
readObj.get(ch);// get each character
counter ++; // increment
}
cout<<" number of character in the message is : "<<counter;
readObj.close();// close the file
return 0;  Output
}
16 number of character in the message is : 13
 Program to copy contents of file to another file.
int main()
{
//open file from C:\Users\user\Desktop\New folder\example3
ifstream readObj;
readObj.open("C:\\Users\\user\\Desktop\\New folder\\example3\\fileOut.txt");

// open new file to paste on it

char ch;
while(!readObj.eof())//check end of file
{
readObj.get(ch);// get each character from fileOut.txt
newObj << ch; // paste on newfile.txt
}
readObj.close();// close the file
newObj.close();
return 0;
}
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 Assignment (10%)
 Program to learn how to use function, file and structure
together
 Question
 Write a c++ program which will store student information and
grading
 Create c++ structure to store
 Student name, Id, Faculty,Year of registration
 Student course information for one semester
o Include: course code, course No, credit Hour
 Students marks and Grade for each courses
o Quize1 Quize2, Quize3,Assignment, lab, finalexam, and Grade

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 Assignment (10%) cont…
 Functions:
 Use function for the implementation
o Function to get student info
o Function to get course registration
o Function to get student mark and grade
o Function to generate report and store it on .text file
 File application
 Create file to store all information
o Student info file
o Student registered course info file
o Student grade file

due date: on final exam time

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  Reference
 How to program in C++, Deitel and PJ.Deitel, chapter14

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