MAI HL

Test on Descriptive Statistics and Probability

Marks: /60

Name of student: SOLUTIONS

1. [Maximum mark: 6]
In a group of 20 girls, 13 take history and 8 take economics. Three girls take both
history and economics.
(a) Complete a Venn diagram to represent the information. [2]
(b) A girl is selected at random. Find the probability that she takes economics but
not history. [2]
(c) Given that the girl does not take history, find the probability that she takes
economics. [2]

Solution

(a)

20
H E
10 3 5

5 1
(b) 
20 4
5
(c) P (E | H ) 
7

1
2. [Maximum mark: 6]
Consider the following table.

Find
(a) The mode and the mean. [2]
(b) The range and the interquartile range. [2]
(c) The variance. [2]

Solution

(a) mode = 10 , mean = 7.15

(b) range 11 – 2 = 9, IQR = Q3 – Q1 = 10 – 4 = 6

(c) variance = (2.90605498)2 = 8.445 = 8.45

3. [Maximum mark: 4]
The mean of four integers is 8, the mode is 10 and the median is 9. Find the four
integers.

Solution

a, b, 10, 10

median = 9  b = 8

mean = 8  a + 28 = 32  a = 4

The numbers are 4, 8, 10, 10

2
4. [Maximum mark: 8]

(c) Determine whether the two events A and B are independent or not. [2]

Solution

(a)

1
A B
0.44 0.18

P ( A  B )  0.44

(b)

1
A B
0.44 0.18 0.19

0.19

0.44 44
P ( A | B )   (  0.698)
0.63 63

(c) Since P ( A )  P ( A | B ) they are not independent

OR

Since P ( A  B )  0.18 and P ( A )P (B )  0.62  0.37  0.2294 ,

P ( A  B )  P ( A )P (B ) , they are not independent.

3
5. [Maximum mark: 10]

(c) Another athlete on this sport team has a height of 180 cm. Estimate the hand
length of this athlete correct to 2 dp
(i) by using the regression line of y on x
(ii) by using the regression line of x on y. [4]

Solution

(a) (i) a = 9.91045  9.91, b = -31.31940  -31.3

(ii) r = 0.98642  0.986

(b) y=ax+b =9.91045×21.5-31.31940  181.755  182

(c) (i) 180  9.91045 x  31.31940  x  21.32289  21.32

(ii) x  0.09818y  3.64155

For y = 180, x = 21.31418  21.31

6. [Maximum mark: 6]
For two independent events A and B, P(A) = 0.2 and P(A B) = 0.76.
(a) Write down P(A|B). [2]
(b) Find P(B). [4]

Solution

(a) P(A|B) = P(A) = 0.2

(b) P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A)P(B)  0.76 = 0.2 + P(B) – 0.2P(B)

 P(B) = 0.7

4
7. [Maximum mark: 7]
A box contains 10 black balls and 2 red balls.
(a) Two balls are selected at random without replacement. Find the probability
that the two balls are of different colors. [3]
(b) Three balls are selected at random with replacement. Find the probability
that all three balls are black. [2]
(c) Three balls are selected at random without replacement. Find the probability
that all three balls are black. [2]

Solution

10 2 10
(a)  2 
12 11 33
10 10 10 1000 125
(b)    
12 12 12 1728 216
10 9 8 6
(c)   
12 11 10 11

5
8. [Maximum mark: 8]

(a) Complete a tree diagram to represent this information. [2]

Solution
(a)

3 1 3
(b)  
4 8 32
3 1 1 5 3 5 8 1
(c)       
4 8 4 8 32 32 32 4
3
32 3
(d) 
3 5 8

32 32

9. [Maximum mark: 5]
Box A contains 5 red and 3 green balls. Box B contains 4 red and 5 green balls.
A ball is selected at random from box A and moved into box B. Then a ball is
selected at random from box B. Find the probability that the second ball is green.

Solution
5 5 3 6 25 18 43
     
8 10 8 10 80 80 80